Neck and Back Muscles - Anatomy Lecture Notes
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Anzor Gogiberidze
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Summary
This document provides a detailed overview of the neck and back muscles. It covers both the superficial and deep muscle groups, including the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), trapezius, and splenius cervicis muscles. The document also includes information on muscle origins, insertions, and functions, which should be beneficial for students studying anatomy, especially those at an undergraduate level.
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Neck and Back Muscles Anzor Gogiberidze Topography of the Neck Anterior cervical region submandibular (digastric), submental, muscular, and carotid triangles lower pharynx, esophagus, larynx, trachea, thyroid, and parathyroid glands. SCM region...
Neck and Back Muscles Anzor Gogiberidze Topography of the Neck Anterior cervical region submandibular (digastric), submental, muscular, and carotid triangles lower pharynx, esophagus, larynx, trachea, thyroid, and parathyroid glands. SCM region sternal and clavicular heads of the muscle define the small lesser supraclavicular fossa parts of the major vascular structures of the neck. Lateral cervical region omoclavicular and occipital triangles The scalene muscles, and cervical and brachial plexuses are located in this region. Posterior cervical region trapezius and suboccipital muscles, the vertebral artery and posterior branches of the cervical plexus Superficial muscles of the neck Platysma Sternocleidomastoid muscle Platysma Broad superficial muscle that runs subcutaneously from the upper chest area to the lower jawbone (mandible) Functions: Reinforces the skin of the neck Pulls lips to the sides and down Opens jaw SCM Prominent muscle on the sides of the neck Origin: sternum and clavicle Insertion: mastoid process Functions: Unilateral contraction Flexes the head laterally on the ipsilateral side Rotates the head to the contralateral side Bilateral contraction: flexes neck dorsally Accessory respiratory muscle SCM and Lesser Supraclavicular Fossa SCM Torticollis Congenital torticollis (wryneck) is a condition in which one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM) is abnormally short This shortening is thought to be the result of trauma at birth (tears or stretching of the SCM) causing bleeding and swelling within the muscle and subsequent scar tissue Suprahyoid muscles Digastric muscle Stylohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle creates the diaphragm of the mouth Infrahyoid Muscles Sternohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle Sternothyroid muscle Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles Deep muscles of the neck Scalene muscles posterior, middle, anterior Longus colli muscle splenius cervicis muscle Splenius Cervicis Muscle Origin: Spinous processes T3–T6 Insertion: Posterior tubercles C1–C3 Function: Unilateral: Ipsilateral flexion and r otation of the head and cervical spine Bilateral: Dorsal extension of the head and cervical spine Longus Colli Muscle Origin: Transverse processes of C5–T3 Insertion: Atlas anterior arch Function: Unilateral: ipsilateral flexion of the head; Bilateral: stabilization and rotation of the head Superficial muscles of the back Trapezius muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Major and minor rhomboid muscles Serratus posterior (superior and inferior) muscles Levator scapulae muscle Trapezius muscle Part Origin Insertion Innervation Function Musculus latissimus dorsi Part Origin Insertion Innervation Function Origin Insertion Function Levator Scapulae Muscle Origin: Transverse processes of C1–4 Insertion: Superior medial angle of scapula Function: Scapula: elevation (shrugging) In conjunction with the rhomboid muscles: returns the elevated arm to its neutral position. Deep muscles of the back Erector spinae m. Iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis mm. Transversospinalis group Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores Musculi intertransversarii et interspinalii
