Module-2-Operating-Systems.pdf

Operating Systems Using Computer with Windows  Computer Software ✘Computer software gives instructions that make hardware work. The four main types of software are operating systems, application programs, utility software, and programming languages. ...

Operating Systems Using Computer with Windows  Computer Software ✘Computer software gives instructions that make hardware work. The four main types of software are operating systems, application programs, utility software, and programming languages.  Computer Software OPERATING SYSTEM An interface between the hardware and the user. It is responsible for the direct control and management of the hardware and basic system operations to run other software, such as word processing programs and web browsers. Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are examples of operating systems.  Computer Software Application Program a program designed to help with a specific task, such as word processing, accounting, counting the items in a shop or warehouse, ormaintaining a database. Application software makes a computer work to suit your needs.  Computer Software Utility Software a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize, and maintain the computer. Utility software can clean your computer’s registry, recover lost or damaged data, generate free space on its hard drive, repair and defragment its hard drive, optimize system processes, and back up data.  Computer Software Programming Language is used to create application programs. Basic, Pascal, Java, C++, and COBOL are some examples of programming languages.  Operating System An operating system is a piece of software that controls how hardware resources such as memory, the central processing unit (CPU), disk space, and other devices are used. Application software requires that the operating system access the hardware resources.  Operating System The operating system helps software and hardware to communicate and work properly with each other. For example, when a file formed by application software is saved to the hard disk, the application software makes a request to the operating system to access and use the hard disk.  Four Main Tasks of an Operating System ✘Controlling and Managing Computer Hardware ✘Running Application Programs ✘Organizing Files ✘Providing a User Interface  Four Main Tasks of an Operating System Controlling and Managing Computer Hardware Operating systems control all devices of your computer system. They make graphics and text appear on your monitor and make your mouse point and click. When you click on the Shut Down button in Windows, all computer hardware—including the hard disk, power supply, fans, and CPU—stops working  Four Main Tasks of an Operating System Running Application Programs Operating systems run all your programs. Without an operating system, your word processor (e.g., WordPad, Notepad, MS Word), web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari), and games wouldn’t work. The operating system lets your programs talk to your hardware; for example, your word processor can print documents to the printer or your modem communicates to enable you to surf the Internet using your web browser  Four Main Tasks of an Operating System Organizing Files Operating systems store information in files and folders on your computer’s storage units (e.g., hard disk, flash memory, DVD), just like you store files and folders in a filing cabinet.  Four Main Tasks of an Operating System Providing a User Interface An operating system provides an interface for users that lets them input commands and data. An operating system has two parts: a kernel and a shell. The kernel is the core of the operating system. It manages memory, files, and other devices; maintains the time and date; starts applications; and manages system resources. The shell provides direct communication between the user and the kernel. It is an interface between the user and the kernel.  Four Main Tasks of an Operating System Providing a User Interface The user interface is the part of the operating system that you use to enter commands and data. There are two types of user interfaces: a graphical user interface (GUI) and a command  Operating Systems ✘MS-DOS ✘Windows 98 ✘Windows XP ✘Windows Vista ✘Windows 7 ✘Windows 8 ✘Windows 10  Mobile Operating Systems ✘Symbian OS ✘Android ✘Mobile Linux ✘BlackBerry OS ✘iOS