Module 1 - Principles of Communications (T1-AY2425) PDF

COMSLC1 – PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS 1 COURSEPACK Prepared By: Engr. Leonardo A. Samaniego Jr. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr  MODULE 1 – 2 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Prepared By: Engr. Leonardo A. Samaniego Jr. CO...

COMSLC1 – PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS 1 COURSEPACK Prepared By: Engr. Leonardo A. Samaniego Jr. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr  MODULE 1 – 2 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Prepared By: Engr. Leonardo A. Samaniego Jr. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr MODULE CONTENT 3  This module contains the following subject areas: definition of electrical/electronic communication, objectives of communications, modes of transmission, elements of communication system, forms of communication and electromagnetic spectrum. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr  At the end of this module student must be able to:  1. Define electrical/electronic communication. 4 LEARNING  2. Identify and explain the essential OBJECTIVES: components of electrical communication systems. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr   Lecture Notes Module 1  Electronic Communications Systems, Fundamentals through Advanced. 6th ed. Tomasi, Wayne (2014). 5 INSTRUCTIONAL  Communication Electronics. 2nd ed. Frenzel, Louis (1995). MATERIALS  Electronic Communications Systems. 4th ed. Kennedy-Davis, (1993)  Electronic Communication Systems, 2nd ed. Blake (e-book) COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr  Develop module summary. Answer drill exercises and/or illustrative problems at the end of the module. 6 ASSESSMENT/ DELIVERABLES Spot quiz and Major Exams Create problem set of the past and possible Board Exam questions). COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 7 Communication Is the process of sending and/or receiving messages between 2 or more points via electronic, electromagnetic or radio waves. It is the process by which information is conveyed from a point in space and time called the SOURCE to another point called the DESTINATION COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 7   To receive the information correctly and clearly  INFORMATION - is that which is conveyed (bits/dits) 8 Objective of  MESSAGE - the physical manifestation of information as produced by the source Communication (whatever form of the message takes, the goal of communication system is to reproduce at the destination an acceptable replica of the source message) COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 8 9 FORMS OF MESSAGE Signal Analog a physical quantity that varies with time, usually in a smooth and continuous fashion. (human voice) Digital is an ordered sequence of symbols selected from a finite set of discrete elements (keyboard) Codes Letters/Numbers COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 9 10 MODES OF TRANSMISSION Simplex – one way communication Duplex – two-way communications COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 10 Half-duplex Transmission can occur in both directions, but not at the same time. Full-duplex Transmission can occur in both direction at the same time Full-Full Duplex possible to transmit and receive simultaneously, but not necessary between the same two location 11 COMSLC1 Engineering APC - School of lasamaniegojr  It is the totality of the mechanism that Electronics Communication provides the transfer of information. System It includes the components, equipment that 12 is being utilized to execute the communication process. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 13 ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Transmitted Received Input signal signal Signal Output signal Information Transmission Transmitter Receiver Destination Source Channel Noise Interference Distortion COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 13   A collection of electronic components and circuits designed to convert the information into a 14 1. signal suitable for transmission over a given communications medium TRANSMITTER  (ex. Microphone, microwave communication radio transmitter) COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 14  Audio amplifiers – amplify the audio signal for modulation process Oscillator – generates carrier signal 15 COMPONENTS OF A TRANSMITTER Modulating amplifier – provides modulation process and amplifies the modulated signal for transmission Transmitting Antenna – radiates electromagnetic energy in space COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 16 COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 16 17 RADIO TRANSMITTER Antenna Radio Waves Oscillator Amplifier (carrier RF signal generator) Power Amplifier Filter Modulator Audio Amplifier Signal Audio Filter Input COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 17 18 ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Transmitted Received Input signal signal Signal Output signal Information Transmission Transmitter Receiver Destination Source Channel Noise Interference Distortion COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 18  2. The medium by which the electronic signal 19 Communication is sent from one place to another. Channel 20 2 GENERAL CATEGORIES 1. Wire Medium (Guided)  The signal is confined within the proximity of the channel or medium. 2. Wireless Medium (Unguided)  The signal is not subjected to limits, boundaries, or channel restrictions. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 20 21 Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics Classic Army Radio Transmitter Twisted Pair of Wire COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 21 22 WIRED TELEPHONY Telephone Lines Coder & Receiver & Transmitter Decoder COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 22 23 WIRELESS SYSTEM Transmission Medium is Air Coder Decoder COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 23 24 CELLULAR TELEPHONY Land Lines Cellular Service COMSLC1 Switching Station APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 24 25 ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Transmitted Received Input signal signal Signal Output signal Information Transmission Transmitter Receiver Destination Source Channel Noise Interference Distortion COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 25 26 3. Is another collection of electronic components and circuits that accept the Receiver transmitted message from the channel and convert it back into a form understandable by humans (earphone, electronic receiver) COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 27 Television Headset Classic Army Radio Transmitter Computer Monitor COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 27 28 RADIO RECEIVER Antenna Radio Waves Oscillator Output Filter Demodulator Amplifier Equalizers Signal COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 28 29 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS COMPONENTS OF A RECEIVER  Receiving Antenna – captures the electromagnetic energy  Demodulator – extracts the message from the carrier waves  Audio amplifiers – amplify the audio signal for modulation process  Oscillator – incorporates the internal tuning circuit COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 29 30 ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Transmitted Received Input signal signal Signal Output signal Information Transmission Transmitter Receiver Destination Source Channel Noise Interference Distortion COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 30 31 NOISE  Is random, undesirable electric energy that enters the communications system via the communicating medium and interferes with the transmitted message. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 31 32 NOISE SHOWN IN THE TIME DOMAIN COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 32 33 NOISE SHOWN IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 33  Is a waveform perturbation caused by 34 Distortion imperfect response of the system to the desired signal itself COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 35 Interference Is contamination by extraneous signals from human sources – other transmitters, power lines, machine switching circuits COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr  Is the reduction of signal amplitude as it passed over the transmission medium Attenuation 36 COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 37 TRANSMITTED SIGNAL BEFORE THE COMMUNICATION LINK COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 37 38 TRANSMITTED SIGNAL AFTER THE COMMUNICATION LINK COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 38 39 COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 40 FORMS OF COMMUNICATION 1.Radio 2.Broadcasting 3.Point-to-point Telephony 4.Mobile 5.Computer 6.Radar Communication Communication 7.Radio 8.Radio Aids Telemetry and Navigation COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 40 41 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Name Frequency Applications ELF 30 – 300 Hz ac power lines VF 300 – 3000 Hz human voice VLF 3 KHz – 30 KHz musical instruments, navy LF 30 – 300 KHz Aeronautical & marine navigation MF 300 KHz – 3 MHz AM broadcasting Amateur radio, CB comm. HF 3 – 30 MHz SW Broadcast VHF 30 – 300 MHz FM broadcasting, TV UHF 300 MHz – 3 GHz UHF TV SHF 3 – 30 GHz Satellite comm., radar EHF 30 – 300 GHz Satellite comm., COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr specialized radar 41  1. In your own words, explain the function/s of each element in the block diagram of an electrical communication. 42 DRILL EXERCISES 2. Give an example for each band in the presented electromagnetic spectrum and identify the specific range of frequency being used. COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr 42 END OF MODULE 43 COMSLC1 APC - School of Engineering lasamaniegojr