Introduction to Cloud Computing - RV University PDF

Unit 1 Introduction to Cloud Computing Computing Paradigms  What is Computing? Computing is the use of computer technology to solve problems or complete tasks effectively. Computing includes: ❏ Designing, developing, and building computer software systems. ❏ Processing, structuring, an...

Unit 1 Introduction to Cloud Computing Computing Paradigms  What is Computing? Computing is the use of computer technology to solve problems or complete tasks effectively. Computing includes: ❏ Designing, developing, and building computer software systems. ❏ Processing, structuring, and managing data for various applications. ❏ Scientific research Computing Paradigms Distributed Computing Parallel Computing Cluster Computing Grid Computing Utility Computing Cloud Computing Edge Computing Fog Computing  Computing Paradigms Distributed Computing Type of computing where multiple computer systems work on a single problem. Here all the computer systems are linked together and the problem is divided into sub-problems where each part is solved by different computer systems. Goal of distributed computing is to increase the performance and efficiency of the system and ensure fault tolerance.  Computing Paradigms Distributed Computing Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/different-computing-paradigms/  Computing Paradigms Parallel Computing Type of computing where multiple computer systems are used simultaneously. Here a problem is broken into sub-problems and then further broken down into instructions. These instructions from each sub-problem are executed concurrently on different processors. Goal of parallel computing is to save time and provide concurrency.  Computing Paradigms Parallel Computing Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/different-computing-paradigms/  Computing Paradigms Cluster Computing Type of computing that consists of two or more independent tightly coupled computers, that work together to execute tasks as a single machine. Goal of cluster computing is to increase the performance, scalability and simplicity of the system.  Computing Paradigms Grid Computing Type of computing where it constitutes a network of loosely coupled computers (geographically remote computers) that work together to perform tasks that may be difficult for a single machine to handle. Goal of grid computing is to solve more high computational problems in less time and improve productivity.  Computing Paradigms Utility Computing Utility Computing is purely a concept which Cloud Computing practically implements. Service provisioning model in which service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customers as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate (pay-per-use).  Computing Paradigms Cloud Computing Type of computing where it is the delivery of on-demand computing services over the internet on a pay-per-use basis. Edge Computing Type of computing that is focused on decreasing the long distance communication between the client and the server by running fewer processes in the cloud and moving these processes onto a user’s computer, IoT device or edge device/server.  Computing Paradigms Fog Computing Type of computing that acts a computational structure between the cloud and the data producing devices. Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-edge-computing-and-fog-computing/ Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-edge-computing-and-fog-computing/ Cloud Computing  What Cloud is Computing Computing? National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defined Cloud Computing as follows: Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.  What isCharacteristics Essential Computing? On-demand self-service A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. Broad network access Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g.,mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).  What isCharacteristics Essential Computing? Resource pooling The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and re-assigned according to consumer demand. Rapid elasticity Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand.  What isCharacteristics Essential Computing? Measured service Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.  What Top is Computing? 10 Cloud Service Providers (Globally) Source: https://medium.com/@talktorahul.b/top-10-cloud-service-providers-in-the-world-2924abec80cc  What of Benefits is Cloud Computing? Computing Lower IT costs / Increased economic return Improve agility and time-to-value Ease of scalability Data / Resource availability (to employees) Collaboration efficiency Lot of new services to the customers Access to automatic updates  What isofComputing? Challenges Cloud Computing Source: https://sprinto.com/blog/challenges-in-cloud-computing/ Service Models  What Cloud is Computing? Service Models Cloud service models define the types of services that a cloud provider offers to its users. NIST defines three basic cloud service models: ○ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ○ Platform as a Service (PaaS) ○ Software as a Service (SaaS) Note: Apart from the three basic cloud service models there are also specialized cloud services offered by some vendors under the umbrella of XaaS (Anything as a Service) like NaaS, STaaS, DBaaS, DEaaS, IDaaS, etc. (Refer: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/overview-of-everything-as-a-service-xaas/)  What is IaaS Computing? Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) delivers on-demand infrastructure resources to organizations via the cloud, such as compute, storage, networking, and virtualization. Customers don’t have to manage, maintain, or update their own data center infrastructure, but are responsible for the operating system, middleware and any apps or data. Services Provided by IaaS Providers Compute services provides virtual central processing units and virtual main memory for the Virtual Machines (VMs). Storage services provides back-end storage for the VM images and files. Network services provides virtual networking components such as virtual router, switch, and bridge for the VMs. Load Balancers provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.  Suitability for IaaS Unpredictable spikes in usage of computing resources. For start-up companies with less capital investment on hardware. For organizations that look for infrastructure on demand or for a short time period. Source: https://cloud.google.com/learn/paas-vs-iaas-vs-saas  Examples of IaaS providers Amazon Web Services (AWS): AWS offers a wide range of IaaS services, such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) for virtual servers, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) for storage, and Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) for networking. Microsoft Azure: Azure provides IaaS capabilities through services like Azure Virtual Machines, Azure Storage, and Azure Virtual Network. Google Cloud Platform (GCP): GCP offers IaaS solutions like Google Compute Engine for virtual machines, Google Cloud Storage for storage, and Google Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) for networking. It provides scalable infrastructure resources for computing and storage needs. IBM Cloud: IBM Cloud provides IaaS offerings, including IBM Virtual Servers for virtual machine instances, IBM Cloud Object Storage for scalable object storage, and IBM Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) for network isolation and security.  What is PaaS Computing? Platform as a service (PaaS) delivers and manages all the hardware and software resources to develop applications through the cloud. Customers still have to write the code and manage their data and applications, but the environment to build and deploy apps is managed and maintained by the cloud service provider. Services Provided by PaaS Providers Provides wide variety of programming languages for the developers to develop applications. Provides application frameworks that simplify the application development. Provides other tools for development, deployment and testing the application.  Suitability for PaaS When there is a need for collaborative development among teams. When there is a need for automated testing and deployment processes. When there is a need to quickly bring applications to the market. Source: https://cloud.google.com/learn/paas-vs-iaas-vs-saas  Examples of PaaS providers Heroku (from Salesforce) Microsoft Azure App Service Google App Engine AWS Elastic Beanstalk IBM Cloud Foundry  What is SaaS Computing? Software as a service (SaaS) provides the entire application stack, delivering an entire cloud-based application that customers can access and use. SaaS products are completely managed by the service provider and come ready to use, including all updates, bug fixes, and overall maintenance. Most SaaS applications are accessed directly through a web browser, which means customers don’t have to download or install anything on their devices. Services Provided by SaaS Providers Business Services: Provides ERP, CRM, billing, sales, and HR solutions to streamline business processes. Social Networks: Facilitates online communities for social interaction, collaboration, and content sharing. Communication and Video Conferencing: Offers tools for real-time communication, video calls, and meetings. Document Management: Provides systems to create, manage, and track electronic documents for efficient collaboration and storage. Email Services: Delivers email solutions for personal or business communication used by millions globally. Project Management Tools: Provides solutions for planning, tracking, and managing projects and tasks.  Suitability for SaaS Software for Startups and small businesses Software compatible with multiple devices Short-term projects Source: https://cloud.google.com/learn/paas-vs-iaas-vs-saas  Examples of SaaS providers Google Workspace: Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) is a suite of SaaS applications that includes Gmail, Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, and more. Microsoft 365: Microsoft 365 (previously Office 365) is a suite of SaaS applications that includes Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and other productivity tools. Adobe Creative Cloud: Adobe Creative Cloud is a suite of SaaS applications for creative professionals. It includes tools like Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Premiere Pro, and more, offering cloud-based access to industry-standard software for graphic design, video editing, and multimedia production. Salesforce: Salesforce is a popular SaaS platform that offers customer relationship management (CRM) software. It provides organizations with tools for sales, marketing, customer service, and analytics, accessible through a web browser or mobile app. Deployment Models  What Cloud is Computing? Deployment Models Cloud Deployment Model defines how cloud computing services are configured, managed, and delivered. It specifies the location of the infrastructure, how it's accessed, and who manages it. NIST defines four cloud deployment models: public clouds, private clouds, community clouds, and hybrid clouds.  What Public is Computing? Cloud According to NIST, a public cloud is ○ The cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for open use by the general public over the public network. ○ It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. ○ It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. What Public is Computing? Clouds Source: https://www.educba.com/public-cloud-providers/ What Public is Computing? Cloud Source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication500-292.pdf  What Public is Computing? Cloud Characteristics Highly scalable The public cloud is highly scalable. The resources in the public cloud are considered as infinite because it has a large number of resources service providers take care all the requests are granted. Hence, the public cloud is considered to be highly scalable. Affordable The public cloud is available to users on a pay-as-you-go basis, meaning they only pay for the resources they use, typically calculated on a per-hour or usage basis. Additionally, it eliminates costs associated with deployment, as the infrastructure is managed by the cloud provider.  What Public is Computing? Cloud Characteristics Less secure The public cloud is least secure out of all the four deployment models. This is because the public cloud is offered by a third-party and they have full control over the cloud. Though the SLAs* ensure privacy, still there is a high risk of data being leaked. Highly available The public cloud is highly available because it can be accessed from anywhere in the world, provided the user has the necessary permissions. *SLAs: Service Level Agreements (Sample SLA: https://aws.amazon.com/legal/service-level-agreements/)  Public Cloud Characteristics Stringent SLAs SLA is very stringent in case of the public cloud.As the service provider’s business reputation and customer strength are totally dependent on the cloud services, they follow the SLA strictly and violations are avoided. These SLAs are very competitive.  What Cloud Public is Computing? Suitability Large resource requirements, such as a large user base. Varying resource needs. Lack of physical infrastructure. Financial constraints on the organization. Source: https://www.pragimtech.com/blog/cloud/what-is-a-public-cloud/  What Private is Computing? Cloud According to NIST, a private cloud is ○ The cloud infrastructure provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). ○ It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them. ○ It may exist on or off premises. What Private is Computing? Cloud Source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication500-292.pdf  What Private is Computing? Cloud Characteristics Secure The private cloud is secure. This is because usually the private cloud is deployed and managed by the organization itself and hence there is least chance of data being leaked out of the cloud. Central control The organization mostly has full control over the cloud as usually the private cloud is managed by the organization. Weak SLAs The SLAs in the private cloud are weak as it is between the organization and the users of the same organization.  What is Private Computing? Cloud Suitability The organizations or enterprises that require a separate cloud for their personal or official use. The organizations or enterprises that have a sufficient amount of funds as managing and maintaining a cloud is a costly affair. The organizations or enterprises that consider data security to be important. The organizations that want autonomy and complete control over the cloud.  What is Private Computing? Cloud Suitability The organizations that have less number of users. The organizations that have pre-built infrastructure for deploying the cloud and are ready for timely maintenance of the cloud for efficient functioning. Source: https://www.pragimtech.com/blog/cloud/what-is-a-private-cloud/  What Community is Computing? Cloud According to NIST, a community cloud is ○ The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). ○ It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them. ○ It may exist on or off premises. What Community is Computing? Cloud Source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication500-292.pdf  What isCloud Community Computing? Characteristics Collaborative and distributive maintenance The community cloud is wholly collaborative and usually no single party has full control over the whole cloud (in some cases, it may be controlled by one party). Partially secure Partially secure refers to the property of the community cloud where few organizations share the cloud, so there is a possibility that the data can be leaked from one organization to another, though it is safe from the outside world.  What isCloud Community Computing? Characteristics Cost effective The community cloud is cost effective as the whole cloud is being shared by several organizations or a community. Usually not only cost but every other sharable responsibilities are shared or divided among the groups.  What is Computing? Community Cloud Suitability Do not want complete maintenance responsibility of the cloud. Need for collaboration between multiple organizations or clouds. Requirement for enhanced security compared to the public cloud.  What Hybrid is Computing? Cloud According to NIST, a hybrid cloud is ○ The cloud infrastructure that is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability. What Hybrid is Computing? Cloud Source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication500-292.pdf  WhatCloud Hybrid is Computing? Characteristics Scalable The hybrid cloud is a combination of one or more deployment models. Usually, the private with public cloud gives hybrid cloud. The public cloud is used whenever needed;hence as the public cloud is scalable, the hybrid cloud with the help of its public counterpart is scalable. Partially secure The hybrid cloud usually is a combination of public and private. The private cloud is considered to be secure,but as the hybrid cloud also uses the public cloud, there is high risk of security breach. Thus, it cannot be fully termed as secure but as partially secure.  WhatCloud Hybrid is Computing? Characteristics Stringent SLAs As the hybrid cloud involved a public cloud intervention, the SLAs are stringent and might not be as per the public cloud service provider. But overall, the SLAs are more stringent than the private cloud. Complex cloud management Cloud management is complex and is a difficult task in the hybrid cloud as it involves more than one type of deployment models and also the numbers of users are high.  What Cloud Hybrid is Computing? Suitability Organizations that want the private cloud environment with the scalability of the public cloud Organizations that require more security than the public cloud Source: https://www.pragimtech.com/blog/cloud/what-is-a-hybrid-cloud/  What Examples is Computing? Public Cloud: Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a leading public cloud provider known for its scalability and extensive service offerings. Companies like Netflix and Airbnb use AWS to deliver their services reliably and on a global scale. Private Cloud: The Walt Disney Company operates a private cloud to manage its extensive media and entertainment content. This approach provides them with the security and control required for their intellectual property.  What Examples is Computing? Hybrid Cloud: Dropbox, a cloud storage provider, utilizes a hybrid cloud model. User data is stored on private servers, while file synchronization and sharing occur through the public cloud, offering a balance of control and accessibility. Community Cloud: In the healthcare industry, the Healthcare Information Exchange (HIE) networks often use community cloud models. These networks allow multiple healthcare providers to securely share patient information in compliance with industry regulations. Thank You