Module 1 Study Guide PDF

Module #1 Study Guide History of Nursing: Key Figures in the Development of Nursing as a Profession: ◦ Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing, improved sanitation, and established the Nightingale Training School. ◦ Clara Barton: Founder of the Am...

Module #1 Study Guide History of Nursing: Key Figures in the Development of Nursing as a Profession: ◦ Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing, improved sanitation, and established the Nightingale Training School. ◦ Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross. ◦ Mary Seacole: Provided holistic care during the Crimean War. ◦ Lillian Wald: Pioneer in public health nursing, founded the Henry Street Settlement. ◦ Dorothea Dix: Advocate for the mentally ill, improved asylum and hospital conditions. Key Achievements: ◦ Nightingale reduced mortality rates through hygiene. ◦ Barton organized care for soldiers during the Civil War. ◦ Wald introduced school nursing and health education. Scope of Practice & Delegation: How Do You Know What is in Your Scope of Practice? ◦ Refer to the Nurse Practice Act (varies by state). ◦ Follow institutional policies. ◦ Consult professional nursing standards and guidelines. Resources for Scope of Practice: ◦ State Board of Nursing. ◦ Employer policy manuals. ◦ ANA Scope and Standards of Practice. 5 Guidelines for Delegation:  ◦ Right Task: Task is appropriate for delegation. ◦ Right Circumstances: Patient and environment are stable. ◦ Right Person: Delegatee is competent. ◦ Right Directions/Communication: Clear instructions are provided. ◦ Right Supervision/Evaluation: Monitor performance and provide feedback. The Nursing Process: Characteristics: ◦ Patient-centered, dynamic, organized, and evidence-based. Steps of the Nursing Process (ADPIE): ◦ Assessment ◦ Diagnosis ◦ Planning ◦ Implementation ◦ Evaluation Assessment: ◦ Gathering data about the patient’s health status. Subjective Data: ◦ Information verbalized by the patient (e.g., "I feel nauseous"). Objective Data: ◦ Observable or measurable data (e.g., blood pressure, temperature). Primary Source: ◦ The patient. Secondary Sources: ◦ Family, medical records, or other healthcare providers.  Nursing Diagnosis: ◦ Identifying patient responses to health conditions. Planning Stage: ◦ Setting priorities, goals, and outcomes. Setting Goals or Outcome Criteria: ◦ Use SMART goals: Speci c, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound. Selecting Nursing Interventions: ◦ Evidence-based actions to achieve goals. Implementation: ◦ Performing interventions. Evaluation: ◦ Determining if goals were met and revising the care plan if necessary. Legal & Ethical Considerations: Laws – 6 Categories: 1. Criminal 2. Civil 3. Administrative 4. Common 5. Statutory 6. Regulatory Elements in a Malpractice Case: 1. Duty 2. Breach of Duty 3. Causation fi  4. Damages Ethics: Codes of Ethics: ◦ Guides for ethical practice, such as the ANA Code of Ethics. Ethical Dilemmas: ◦ Situations with con icting moral principles. Patient Rights – 7 Examples: ◦ Right to information. ◦ Right to refuse treatment. ◦ Right to privacy. ◦ Right to con dentiality. ◦ Right to respectful care. ◦ Right to participate in decision-making. ◦ Right to access medical records. Ethical Principles – 6 Examples: ◦ Autonomy ◦ Bene cence ◦ Non-male cence ◦ Justice ◦ Fidelity ◦ Veracity Health: Health vs. Wellness: ◦ Health: State of physical, mental, and social well-being. fi fi fi fl  ◦ Wellness: Active pursuit of activities that promote health. Cultural Considerations: Aspects of Transcultural Nursing: ◦ Awareness, knowledge, sensitivity, and competency. Components of a Cultural Assessment: ◦ Language, beliefs, values, family structure, and health practices. Language Barriers: ◦ Use interpreters, visual aids, and clear, simple language. The Nurse-Client Relationship: Nurse Responsibilities: ◦ Advocacy, maintaining con dentiality, providing education, and fostering trust. Patient Responsibilities: ◦ Communicating needs, providing accurate information, and following care plans. Phases of the Nurse-Client Relationship: ◦ Orientation ◦ Working ◦ Termination Therapeutic Communication: Techniques: ◦ Active listening, empathy, open-ended questions, and re ection. What to Avoid: ◦ Giving advice, interrupting, using medical jargon, or expressing personal opinions. fi fl Charting & Documentation: Types of Charting: ◦ Narrative, SOAP, PIE, Focus Charting. SOAP Note: ◦ Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan. SBAR: ◦ Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation. HIPAA & Protecting Patient Privacy: What is HIPAA? ◦ Legislation that ensures patient privacy and con dentiality of medical records. Nurse’s Responsibilities: ◦ Safeguard patient information, access only necessary data, and educate others on privacy protocols. fi