MNT Notes on Digestive System Diseases PDF

Chapter 27 Diseases of the digestive system Upper gl disorders. Oz oral cavity, esophagus, stomach thought affect gut and GI psychosomatic→ calm mind + brain = improve gut + stomach MNT in digestive disorders diet affects onset, prevention, treatment of most GI disorders...

Chapter 27 Diseases of the digestive system Upper gl disorders. Oz oral cavity, esophagus, stomach thought affect gut and GI psychosomatic→ calm mind + brain = improve gut + stomach MNT in digestive disorders diet affects onset, prevention, treatment of most GI disorders MNT crucial to prevent + treat malnutrition, nutrient deficiencies, secondary diseases such as anemia, osteoporosis careful screening + assessment needed Knowledge + skills of RDs in GI recognize extremes of dietary intake + the effects of diet on GI function t symptoms knows normal secretion, digestich, + absorption  Understand consequences of eating patters in healthy I those with diseases Assessment of GI unintentional weight loss L severe malnutrition: 2% ut loss/ 1 week, 5% in 1 month, 10% in 6 months % ideal bw, BMI Weight changes N/v, diarrhea, dysphasia Allergies T intolerances - supplements medications, prescribed +otc labs, hub/ hot, ferritin, B12, folate, Vit D, others:. Digestion physical + Chen. Breakdown in prep 4 absorption mastication, salivary fluid + enzymes gastric phase - pepsin, gastric acid, salivary amylase, and lipase begin chyme is delivered to small intestine to mixing with pancreatic and biliary juices Digestion - pancreatic phase→. Pancreatic amflasit lipase, Proteases, phospholipase, secretin for water, + bicarbonate secretion intestinal phase → dissacharidases, Peptidases, lipases, and cholecystokinin- pancreozymin for bile salt secretion maldigestion involves the interface at any of these stages, including normal emptying of the stomach + pancreatic insufficiency Absorption passage of nutrients inte the bloodstream from the intestinal cells mostly starts in the duodenum with mono saccharides, AA + small peptides, monoglycerides+ FFAs bile + fat are needed to absorb fat soluble vitamins water-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the intestinal mucosa malabsorption can result from dysfunction from any of the above steps Diseases of the digestive system organic: disease in which a pathological change has taken place in the structural tissues functional: Sensory, motor, absorptive, or secretary disturbance without any structural infective, or biochemical cause (ulcerative colitis) emotional and psychological component stress may alter the function of a system adaptive responses to stress; ( tones, personality, environment ) l. Nutritional limitation of the apeutic diet.... T. he esophagus Z tubular organ 25 cm long, lined with tubular and striated muscles healthy esophagus has many defenses against tissue damage from gastric acid → Les contraction, normal gastric motility, esophageal mucus The diseases of the eso. phagus peristalsis Les or cardiac sphincter usually contracted closes entrance to stomach and prevents reflux (GERD) defects of Les result from. A. Alterations in smooth muscle Motions B. Aterations in smooth muscle innovation C. Hormonal control peppermint, chocolate, alcohol, fats, reduce Les pressure → heartburn. Esophageal disease 1. Obstructive 2. Inflammatory 3. Nervous GERD Z. gastrocsophageal reflux disease reflux of gastric contents over time into esophagus, overwhelming barriers to gastric acid symptoms: heartburn, substernal pain, belching, esophageal GERD 20-40% adults type determined by gastroduodenoscopy EGD).  GERD pathophysiology complex - reduced Les pressure mucosal irritants decreased gastric motility. increased intra-abdominal pressure COPD presence of hiatal hernia Treatment of GERD primary medical treatment