MIS-01 (Introduction to information systems - 1).pptx

Management Information Systems – S-01 1  Topics Covered Introduction to information systems Advances in information systems Impact on Business Functions of management Levels of management 2 Introduction to information...

Management Information Systems – S-01 1  Topics Covered Introduction to information systems Advances in information systems Impact on Business Functions of management Levels of management 2 Introduction to information systems Information Technology supports every business function To be a successful manager, one should understand how information technology can provide better products, enhance existing services and create new business opportunities 3  Advances in information systems Social networking sites, big data Applications in science and technology Mobile applications (e.g. BFSI segment) Automation (Education, retail, etc.) Artificial Intelligence (Decision making, etc.) 4  Impact on Business Globalization Improving top line Improving bottom line Informed decision making Increased customer satisfaction 5  Management Management is the process of directing tasks and organizing resources to achieve organization goals 6 Functions of Management Planning Organizing Leading Controlling 7  Planning Establishing organization goals Developing strategies to achieve goals 8  Organizing Developing the structure of the organization Acquiring human resources 9  Leading Motivating and managing employees Forming task groups 10  Controlling Evaluating performance Controlling the organization resources 11 Levels of management Top management Middle management First line management 12  Top management Establishing the goals of the organization Interacting with representatives of the external environment, such as financial institutions, political figures and important suppliers and customers 13  Middle management Allocating resources so that the objectives of top management are accomplished 14 First line management Supervising day-to-day operations 15  Activities of an organization Strategic planning (Long range plans) Tactical (Budgets tactical plans) Operational (Day-to-day transactions) 16 Framework for information systems Each level (Operational, tactical and strategic planning – requires specific information systems) 17  Operational systems characteristics -1 Repetitiveness – daily, weekly, monthly Predictability Emphasis on the past – past activities of an organization. Detailed nature – information is very detailed e.g payslips 18  Operational systems characteristics -2 Internal origin – data comes from internal sources. E.g. Payslip data comes from timesheets Structured form – format of input and output data is highly structured Great accuracy – data input and output are carefully checked 19  Tactical systems Provide middle level managers with the information they need to monitor and control operations and to allocate their resources effectively Generate a variety of reports 20  Tactical systems characteristics -1 Summary Reports – provide management with important totals, averages, key data and abstracts on the activities of the organization Exception Reports – Warn managers when results from a particular operation exceed or do not meet expected standard for the organization 21  Tactical systems characteristics -2 Adhoc Reports – Reports that managers need, usually quickly, that may never be needed again. E.g. Overtime hours based on timesheets Periodic nature – information from a tactical system is often produced periodically e.g. Issues status in the maintenance of systems 22  Tactical systems characteristics -3 Unexpected findings. E.g. Billing alerts in a cloud computing environment due to hacking Comparative nature – Information is usually comparative in nature rather than merely descriptive. E.g. Comparison of project metrics with organizational baselines or averages 23  Tactical systems characteristics -4 Summary form – The information is usually not detailed, but in summary form Both internal and external resources – Data used for input to the system may extend beyond sources internal to the organization 24  Strategic planning systems Designed to provide top managers with information that assists them in making long- range planning decisions for the organization. Top management usually uses strategic planning information systems for setting long-term organizational goals. 25  Strategic planning systems characteristics -1 Adhoc basis – Information may be produced either regularly or periodically. Unexpected information – The system may produce unexpected information Predictive nature – The information is usually predictive of future events rather than descriptive of past events. Long range planners choose a route that will improve the organization’s level of success. 26  Strategic planning systems characteristics -2 Summary form – Information is usually not detailed, but in summary form. Long range planners are not usually interested in detailed information; they are usually concerned with more global data and trends. External data – A large part of the data used for input to the system may be acquired from sources external to the organization. E.g Gartner reports Unstructured format – Data used for input to the system may contain data that are unstructured in format. Subjectivity – The data used for input to the system may be highly subjective 27  Comparison of Information System Characteristic Operational Tactical Strategic Planning Frequency Regular, Mostly Regular / Often ad hoc Repetitive Periodic Dependability Expected results Some surprises may Results often of results occur contain surprises Time period The past Comparative Predictive of the covered future Level of detail Very detailed Summaries of data Summaries of data Source of data Internal Internal and Mostly external external Nature of data Highly Some unstructured Highly structured data unstructured Accuracy Highly accurate Some subjective Highly subjective data data data Typical user First-line Middle managers Top Management supervisors C. Lakshmi Devasena, IBS, Level of Task oriented Oriented toward Hyderabad Goal oriented  Summary Introduction to information systems Advances in information systems Impact on Business Functions of management Levels of management 29