Ming+Dynasty+Review+Sheet.pdf

Ming Dynasty Review Sheet 1. Introduction to the Ming Dynasty Time Period: 1368–1644 C.E. Significance: Known as one of China’s most prosperous and influential periods, marked by cultural achievements, exploration, and military expansion. End: The dynasty eventually fell...

Ming Dynasty Review Sheet 1. Introduction to the Ming Dynasty Time Period: 1368–1644 C.E. Significance: Known as one of China’s most prosperous and influential periods, marked by cultural achievements, exploration, and military expansion. End: The dynasty eventually fell due to internal strife and external invasion. 2. Founding of the Ming Dynasty Key Figures: Zhu Yuanzhang: A former Buddhist monk who led a successful peasant rebellion to overthrow the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. First Ming Emperor: Proclaimed himself emperor in 1368. Major Event: Overthrow of Yuan Dynasty: Zhu Yuanzhang’s forces defeated the Yuan Dynasty, ending nearly a century of Mongol rule over China. 3. The Yongle Emperor (1402-1424 C.E.) Goals: Sought to reassert Chinese cultural values and reduce Mongol influence. Policies and Achievements: Confucianism: Reinstated Confucian principles and brought back the imperial examination system. Diplomacy: Expanded trade and formed tributary relationships with neighboring kingdoms and empires. Infrastructure: Built major structures such as the Grand Canal and the Forbidden City, which showcased Ming architectural innovation and Confucian values. 4. Ming Architecture Notable Structure: Forbidden City in Beijing: The world’s largest palace complex, symbolizing the emperor’s divine right to rule. Design Principles: Confucian and Taoist Influence: The layout reflected harmony, social order, and philosophical beliefs of the Ming era. 5. Zheng He and the Treasure Fleet Voyages  Purpose: Commissioned by the Yongle Emperor to demonstrate Ming power and establish diplomatic ties. Key Accomplishments: Maritime Exploration: Led massive voyages across the Indian Ocean, reaching as far as East Africa. Diplomatic and Trade Missions: Established trade routes and diplomatic connections with numerous kingdoms. Cartography: Produced detailed maps that enhanced Chinese geographic knowledge. 6. End of Exploration Cause: After the Yongle Emperor’s death, Confucian officials deemed the voyages too costly and redirected resources to defense. Outcome: Zheng He’s fleet was burned, and China retreated from Indian Ocean trade as European powers entered the region. 7. Decline of the Ming Dynasty Internal Issues: Economic Problems: Financial strain weakened the government. Peasant Uprisings: Social unrest further destabilized the regime. Political Factionalism: Court infighting weakened the central authority. External Threat: Manchu Invasion: In the 1640s, the Manchu forces overthrew the Ming Dynasty, leading to the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. 8. Legacy of the Ming Dynasty Cultural Impact: Left a lasting legacy on Chinese architecture, culture, and international relations. Influence on Future Dynasties: Ming achievements in governance, trade, and architecture paved the way for future advancements in Chinese civilization.