Minerals Grades 12 PDF

Minerals and Grade 12 their Characteristics Earth and Life Science  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 01 02 identify the explain the examples of different minerals characteristics of minerals 03...

Minerals and Grade 12 their Characteristics Earth and Life Science  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 01 02 identify the explain the examples of different minerals characteristics of minerals 03 04 differentiate develop awareness minerals based on on the importance their properties of minerals around us What makes a mineral… MINERAL? PICTURE Play PICTURE Play Direction: Determine whether the object is a MINERAL or NOT. Do you think WATER is a Do you think ICE TUBE is a Is SNOW FLAKES a mineral? Is HALITE (Table Salt) a mineral? WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?  MINERAL A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition NATURALLY OCCURING It is a product of Earth’s natural processes. Not man-made Not Machine-Generated  INORGANIC SOLID It must be product of Earth’s physical processes. Not a by-product of living organism HOMOGENEOUS SOLID Has definite shape and volume  DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION represented by chemical formula Has specific chemical properties CRYTALLINE STRUCTURE atoms are arranged in order of increasing pattern. Formed with crystals and shape  MINERALS are the basic building blocks of rocks To be a mineral, an object/material has to meet the following basic criteria ✓ Naturally Occurring ✓ Inorganic ✓ Homogeneous Solid ✓ Definite chemical composition ✓ Orderly crystalline structure  Characteristics of Minerals ❑ Naturally Occurring ❑ Inorganic ❑ Homogeneous Solid ❑ Definite chemical composition ❑ Orderly crystalline structure  Properties of Minerals a. Color - mineral’s color may change depending on the surface.  Properties of Minerals b. Streak - color of mineral in powdered form Hematite- both types leave the same powder  Properties of Minerals c. hardness - minerals resistance to scratching Diamond has a scale of 10 Mohs Number Minerals Equivalent Material 1 Talc Baby Powder 2 Gypsum Fingernails 3 Calcite Copper Coin 4 Fluorspar Iron Nail 5 Apatite Glass 6 Feldspar Folding pocket knife 7 Quartz Kitchen Steel knife 8 Topaz Sandpaper 9 Corundum Ruby 10 Diamond Synthetic Diamond  Properties of Minerals d. Cleavage - mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture e. Fracture - the manner breaks other than along planes of cleavage.  Properties of Minerals f. Crystalline structure or habit  Properties of Minerals g. Diaphaneity/amount of transparency - ability to allow light to pass through it  Properties of Minerals h. Luster - how light is reflected off a surface Pyrite - a. k a. fool’s gold  Properties of Minerals i. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Brittleness- a mineral turns into powder Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Malleability a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Ductility- A mineral can be stretched into wire. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Flexible but inelastic- Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position. Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress. Sectility- ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife. CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS N___________O_____________ I_________________________ H___________S_____________ C____________C____________ C____________S_____________  PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 1. C_____r 6. D_____y 2. S_____k 7. L_____s 3. H_____s 8. T_____y 4. C_____e 5. F_____e ANSWER What’s More What I Have Learned What I Can Do (Reflect Upon) THANK YOU! WRITTEN TASK (YELLOW PAD) FRONT 1. List some of the uses of minerals around us. MINERALS USES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PERFORMANCE TASK BACK PAGE 1. Upon knowing the value of minerals in our everyday life, as a student how can you help in conserving and preserving the natural sources of these minerals? (For example, graphite is a mineral found in pencil).