Mind Quest General Knowledge Book 4 PDF

ARROW Mind Quest The Search for Knowledge Begins... GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOK -4 By A Team of Experienced Teachers ® ARROW PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. HYDERABAD - 500 040 First...

ARROW Mind Quest The Search for Knowledge Begins... GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOK -4 By A Team of Experienced Teachers ® ARROW PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. HYDERABAD - 500 040 First Edition : 2017 Reprint : 2018, 2019, 2020 © Reserved with publishers No part of this book may be copied or translated, stored in any data base system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the Publishers. Any breach will entail legal action and prosecution without further notice. ® ARROW PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. # C-11 A & B, TSIIC, Moula-Ali, Hyderabad - 500 040. Ph : +91 91009 99026, 91009 99027 [email protected] Mind Quest is a series of eight general knowledge books for classes 1 to 8 for the school curriculum designed to give children an in-depth information on various subjects. It aims to instill in learners an all-round comprehension of the present-day affairs and to keep them abreast of the happenings in this ever-changing world. The content for the lessons is drawn from every branch of knowledge and every walk of life, thus making it very enjoyable and interesting throughout. The series also adheres to the recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework of 2005 to include quizzes, facts, brain teasers, life skills and value systems. All efforts have been made to keep the information in tune with the curriculum and needs of the learners. Salient Features of the Series Content divided into units based on different themes Information presented through interesting exercises, activities, puzzles and quizzes 'Did You Know' and 'Tidbits' for additional information 'How? What? Why?' section that answers science-related questions 'Info-Zone' for information on some topics 'How Stuff Works' section that explains the working of things Quizzes, Facts, Puzzles and Activities that create interest in learning 'Puzzle Yourself' for self-evaluation and assessment Life skills to help learners acquire everyday skills and values Fun Time to add fun to learning Add-ons that include quizzes on various topics with answers Thus, Mind Quest is a refreshing series that informs, educates, answers, illustrates and clarifies. Above all, it arouses curiosity and encourages learners to embark on exploring the world thereby paving way for independent thinking. We express our heartfelt gratitude to Mrs Padmini Sameeran and Mr P. Seshagiri Rao for their valuable inputs for developing this series. - Publishers  OUR NATURAL WORLD Tidbits..................... 33 1. Natural Disasters.............. 6 Puzzle Yourself - 2........... 35 Weather Quiz................ 7 AMAZING INDIA 2. Places For Plants.............. 8 14. One Country, One Flag........ 37 3. Animals in Danger............ 9 Tidbits..................... 38 Slithery Snake Facts........... 11 Incredible India Facts......... 39 4. Plants that Heal.............. 12 15. Major Dams In India.......... 41 Trees - Superlative Facts....... 14 16. Festive Foods of India......... 42 5. Defense Mechanisms in Animals 15 17. Nobel Laureates of India....... 43 6. Pet World.................. 17 18. Awards and Honours in India... 44 Info Zone Climate Change..... 19 19. Indian Armed Forces.......... 45 Puzzle Yourself - 1........... 21 Indian Armed Forces Facts..... 46 WONDROUS WORLD Tidbits..................... 47 7. Landmarks of the World....... 23 2 20. Pilgrimage Places In India...... 48 8. Greetings Around the World.... 25 Tidbits..................... 50 9. Successful People............ 26 2 21. Twin Cities of India........... 51 10. Majestic Mountains of.......... the World.................. 28 2 22. Indian Cities on River Banks.... 52 11. Rivers of the World........... 29 2 23. Powerful Slogans of............ 12. Famous Official Residences.... 30 Indian Leaders.............. 53 Geographical Superlatives Quiz. 31 2 24. Important Days to Remember... 55 13. International Days............ 32 Puzzle Yourself - 3........... 56  FASCINATING SCIENCE 39. Words For Travel............ 84 25. Famous Scientists............ 58 40. Time Words................ 85 26. Power Foods................ 59 41. Words in Words............. 86 27. Branches of Science.......... 61 42. Famous English Proverbs....... 87 Sense Organs Quiz........... 62 Puzzle Yourself - 5........... 88 28. Stay Fit.................... 63 SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT 29. Common Diseases........... 64 43. Olympic Events.............. 90 Human Body Organs Facts..... 65 44. Sports Awards............... 91 30. Scientific Instruments and....... 45. International Sports Events..... 92 Devices.................... 66 46. Classical Singers of India....... 93 Tidbits..................... 67 47. Classic Movies.............. 94 Info Zone Journey to the Moon. 68 Info Zone The Making of........ Tidbits..................... 70 a Film..................... 96 31. Green Energy............... 71 Puzzle Yourself - 6........... 98 32. Computer Icons............. 72 LIFE SKILLS 33. Rock Talk.................. 73 48. First Aid Basics............. 100 34. How Stuff Works............... 49. Shop Wisely............... 102 Working of a Refrigerator...... 74 Puzzle Yourself - 7.......... 104 35. How? What? Why?........... 75 FUN TIME Puzzle Yourself - 4........... 78 50. Magic with Maths........... 105 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 51. Riddle Time............... 106 36. Books and Authors........... 80 Puzzle Yourself - 8.......... 107 37. Classic Stories............... 81 Answers.................. 108 38. Onomatopoeia :............... The Sound Words............ 83  OUR NATURAL WORLD 1 NATURAL DISASTERS Natural disasters are events caused by forces of nature. They can cause heavy loss of life and property. Some of them can be predicted, so we can take precautions to minimise the damage. Complete the puzzle with the names of natural disasters. Take the help of the clues given. 3 F 1 E 2 V O 4 D T 5 T I 6 C E CLUES 1. Violent shaking of ground as a 4. A period when there are no rains, result of movements inside the causing a place to go dry. Earth's crust. 5. A large ocean wave caused by an 2. Lava, rock fragments, hot vapour underwater earthquake or volcanic and gas erupting through a vent in explosion. a mountain or hill. 6. A large, rotating storm with high 3. Overflowing of water from rivers speed winds. into dry land due to heavy rains. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 6  Weather Quiz The weather can play a big role in our everyday life with the rain, sun, wind, snow and heat all affecting our daily activities. Take this quiz to see how much you know about climate and weather. 1. What is the spectrum of light that appears when the sun shines onto water droplets in the air? * lightning * rainbow 2. What is the name for the scientist who studies weather? * weatherologist * meteorologist 3. What is the instrument used to measure wind speed? * anemometer * speedometer 4. What does a barometer measure? * atmospheric pressure * blood pressure 5. What is the short - term state of the atmosphere called? * weather * climate 6. What is the air around us called? * hydrosphere * atmosphere 7. What is the weather term for presence of water vapour in the air? * cloudy * humidity 8. What is the main source of energy for the Earth? * sun * moon 9. In which season do trees and plants open new leaves and flower buds? * spring * summer 10. What are strong winds with thunder and lightning called? * fog * storm 7 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  2 PLACES FOR PLANTS Plants are grown in different places. These places are given different names on the basis of the type of plants grown there or the purpose the place is used for. Using the clues given, name the places where these plants are grown. 1 2 3 An area of open land used An area of land where A large farm on which for growing crops. fruit trees are grown. cotton, tea, coffee, tobacco or sugarcane is grown. 4 5 6 A place where plants A land covered with grass are grown for sale or for suitable for animals such A building with a roof and planting elsewhere. as cows and sheep to eat. sides made of glass used for growing plants that 7 8 need warmth. Help Box Greenhouse Orangery Pasture Farm A warm place, in An area of land used for Orchard Field which orange trees are growing crops and rearing Nursery Estate cultivated. animals. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 8  3 ANIMALS IN DANGER India is home to some of the most beautiful creatures of the world. There are 400 wildlife sanctuaries and 80 national parks in India, which give shelter to animals. Because of deforestation, environmental pollution, loss of habitat, human activities like poaching and hunting, many animals and birds in India are endangered. Here are pictures of some animals that are in danger. Write the number for the animal from the help box. 2 1 The animal killed for its horns, believed to have medicinal value. The animal killed for 3 ivory, meat, hide and The animal killed for other parts. its quills that are used to make jewellery, The animal whose fur, lampshades and other bones and other body art items. parts are sold for a lot of money. 4 5 The animal known as ‘scaly anteaters’ covered in scales, killed for its meat and its scales which are used in traditional Chinese medicine. 9 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 6 7 The animal killed for its meat and its shell for their medicinal properties. A bird killed for its 8 feathers and used as food. The animal captured and kept as a pet. 9 A member of the cat family which is killed for its beautiful spotted The animal that is fur. killed for the scent sac or pod. 10 11 A type of snake killed for its medicinal value to cure some diseases. The skin is peeled off for making belts. 12 The animal that is poached for its skin. The skin is used to make leather for shoes, belts, suitcases and handbags. Help Box 1. Indian Star Tortoise 2. Red Sand Boa 3. Crocodile 4. Amur Leopard 5. Musk Deer 6. Tiger 7. Asian Elephant 8. Rhino 9. Pangolin 10. Turtle 11. Porcupine 12. Falcated Duck ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 10 Slithery Snake Facts spec There are more than 3,000 species of snakes in the world. There is atleast one type of snake on every continent, except Antarctica. Read to know some interesting facts about snakes. A snake smells The world’s largest snake is the with its tongue. reticulated python, which can grow upto 30 feet! A snake changes its The venom skin and grows new of a snake is skin. in its fangs. Some snakes, like the flying The world’s smallest snake, can fly. snake is the thread snake, as thin as a noodle. It is blind. A snake hears with its lower jaw. The black mamba snake can slither upto 23 km per hour. The spitting cobra, spits venom (poison) on its A tiger snake is very enemy to protect itself. If deadly because one the poison enters our eye, bite can kill 50 men. we could become blind. The anaconda does not bite but it wraps around the body and squeezes it till the victim stops breathing. Then it swallows its victim whole. 11 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  4 PLANTS THAT HEAL Since ancient times people have used plants to heal themselves. Today, using plants to treat disease is widespread in most cultures. And most of these healing herbs can be grown in our garden. Write the names of the plants with the help of the clues. 2 1 Promotes digestion, good Leaves used to treat for treating allergies and skin diseases. cold. 5 Builds immunity, 4 Good for hair and improves digestion complexion. and benefits heart, skin, eyes and brain. 3 Gel of leaves used for treating burns, wounds and for soft and smooth hair. 6 Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral, helps prevent cold, cough, BP and heart diseases. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 12  7 Powder used as antiseptic, 8 Good remedy for blood purifier and also poor memory and used to heal ulcers. concentration. 9 Leaves relieve 10 Helps to reduce cold, cough and vomiting sensation fever. and used for pain relief. Herbal medicinee uses plants to o treat illnesses. 11 Oil made from leaves 13 Bark used in treatment used to treat colds. 12 A valuable herb of malaria. that aids digestion, fights colds, relieves cramps, and even kills bacteria. The plant 'Alfalfa' is Th co considered the 'father Help Box of all plants' for its medicinal properties. Brahmi Eucalyptus Cinchona Sage Turmeric Bhringraj Gooseberry Ginger Garlic Neem Aloe Vera Basil Mint 13 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 Trees-Superlative Facts The tallest trees in the world are redwoods of California, reaching heights of 300 The world’s oldest tree feet. A redwood tree named is a bristlecone pine Hyperion, discovered in tree, Methuselah, about 2006 is 379.7 feet. 4,847 years old. The fastest growing The slowest growing tree plant in the world is in the world is the white a species of bamboo cedar tree, that has grown plant which grows to a height of just 4 inches 91 cms in a day! in 155 years! The fastest growing tree in the world is the fox glove tree. It grows to 85 feet in just seven years. The largest tree in the world is a giant sequoia, which is 52,500 cubic feet in volume. The dwarf willow is considered to be the smallest tree in the world. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 14  5 DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN ANIMALS Animals have various defense mechanisms to protect themselves from their predators. Some of them just run away, some others attack their enemies, but some of them have strange defense mechanisms like camouflage or mimicry. Some even pretend to be dead, spit poison, produce bad smelling fluids or change their physical features to escape their predators. Write the names of these animals with the help of the clues given. 1. This animal can give off bursts of electric current when it faces danger............................................ 2. This animal coils into a tight ball making it impossible for the enemy to catch............................................ 3. This animal secretes poisons from its skin to deter attackers............................................ 4. This insect looks like a stick sometimes even like a leaf to avoid being seen............................................ 15 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  5. This animal has long, sharp quills that act as razor-sharp weapons against its enemies............................................ 6. This animal can change from liquid to solid or the other way around. It can even become a lump or scatter itself to pieces and reassemble itself again. It can also release poisonous toxins............................................ 7. This animal can fly or glide for long distances to evade its predators............................................ 8. This animal lies on the ground, motionless, and pretends to be dead. It also emits a very bad smell............................................ 9. This animal opens its hood to defend itself. Some of the species even spit venom or bite............................................ Help Box Stick Insect Opossum Flying Fish Porcupine Cobra Pangolin Electric Eel Sea Cucumber Dart Frog ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 16  6 PET WORLD Of all the animals man keeps as pets, dogs are the most common. A dog is man's best friend. There is a reason we call it so. There are so many things we can learn from a dog's behaviour. It provides unconditional love, loyalty and companionship to its family members down to its very last breath. It greets you and welcomes you each and every time you come home. Doctors now agree that a pet dog can even relieve stress, depression, loneliness in humans and make them healthier. Here are some common dog breeds people keep as pets. Find out their names. 1 Strong, athletic, intelligent, best police and military 2 breed. St. Bernard is a bree eedd used for rescuing peopple le A toy dog breed. burried in deep snow. A short-legged, long-bodied, lively, charming and brave breed. 3 A popular breed, friendly A dog with a wrinkly, companion and a useful short, muzzled face and a working dog breed. curled tail. 4 5 17 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  Short-backed dog with a furry A medium-large breed of coat, a playful, active and a domestic dog, powerful intelligent breed. and energetic. 6 It is a dog breed from China that looks like a 'puffy-lion'. 7 8 A medium-sized, short-haired with smooth and tight-fitting coat, very friendly, calm and intelligent. 9 A large German breed of domestic dog known for its giant size, very National Dog Dayy is confident and loving. celebrated on August 16 every year. 10 Help Box Doberman Pomeranian Boxer Dachshund Chow Chow Shih Tzu Labrador Great Dane German Shepherd Pug ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 18  n e Z o CLIMATE CHANGE f o I n The Earth’s climate is changing! It is getting warmer. Warmer temperatures cause other changes like melting glaciers and stronger storms. And do you know who is causing these changes to happen? People are causing these changes. Let’s read to know more. Global Warming The Earth has some very important gases in the air that keep us warm. Some of these gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. Without them, the Earth would become so cold that you would freeze! But too much of them would heat up the Earth. And that’s what is happening. People are burning a lot of fuel that produces a lot of smoke, fumes and water vapour. This has increased the emission of a lot of greenhouse gases, trapped more heat on the Earth and made it warmer. This warming is what we call global warming and it is caused by the greenhouse effect. This is not good for us because it can cause harmful changes in the climate. Acid Rain All living things need water to live. So, rain is very important for life. It brings us the water we need. But because of pollution in the air, toxic gases from factories, cars and homes enter the atmosphere. They go up and mix with the clouds and become acidic. Then, they fall to the ground as 'acid rain'. When there is acid rain, it affects trees, lakes, animals, buildings and even humans. Water we drink from taps can be contaminated by acid rain which can even damage our brain! 19 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  Stop Climate Change !! Here are some things we can all do to stop climate change. Drive less, cycle more. Use CFL bulbs. Grow more trees. Use warm water to Defrost the fridge regularly. Cover pots while bathe; not hot water. cooking. Recycle, reduce and Buy recycled products. Switch to green power like reuse. wind and solar power. Avoid products with Clean filters of air conditioners Use the 'off' switch, not packaging to reduce regularly. the 'stand by' mode. waste. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 20  PUZZLE YOURSELF 1 I. Fill in the missing letters. 1. Violent shaking of ground as a result of movements inside the Earth's crust. E H Q E 2. A large, rotating storm with high speed winds. C L E 3. A period when there are no rains causing a place to go dry. D T II. Test Your Knowledge 1. What is the spectrum of light that appears when the sun shines onto water droplets in the air? T Rainbow T Lightning 2. What is the short-term state of the atmosphere called? T Weather T Climate 3. A warm place in which orange trees are cultivated T Nursery T Orangery 4. An area of land where fruit trees are grown T Orchard T Pasture III. Find 5 animals in danger in the world search. A P O R C U P I N E S A L V N K R B V U D N E L E P H A N T F G F O G M I F E U G O Z C I L N K M R H L E Y W U O I P T T I G E R Y T R E L J N K L M N B V C E 21 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  IV. Yes or No? 1. Buy recycled products. [ ] 2. Drive more, cycle less. [ ] 3. Use CFL bulbs. [ ] 4. Keep pots open while cooking. [ ] V. Name these dog breeds. _______________ _______________ _______________ VI. Name the defense mechanism in these animals. 1. Electric Eel : ________________ Camouflage 2. Dart Frog : ________________ Quills 3. Stick Insect : ________________ Electric Shock 4. Porcupine : ________________ Poisons VII. Write the names of these medicinal plants. A E V A M T N M G R ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 22  WONDROUS WORLD 7 LANDMARKS OF THE WORLD There are so many beautiful places to see in the world. Whether it is a natural wonder or an architectural site, every place is definitely among the most recognizable in the world. Write the name of the landmarks with the help of the clues. Help Box 1 1. Great Wall of China 2. Stone Henge 3. The Statue of Liberty 4. The Grand Canyon 5. Great Sphinx 6. Empire State Building 7. Big Ben 8. Angkor Wat One of the most 9. Leaning Tower of Pisa 10. Eiffel Tower famous bridges, located 11. St. Basil's Cathedral 12. Brookyln Bridge in New York City that took 14 years to complete. 2 3 4 A famous church in The longest wall in A famous temple Moscow in Russia the world. in Cambodia and nearly 450 years old. the largest religious monument in the world. 23 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 5 6 Most distinguished landmark in Arizona which is indeed a very big hole (canyon) in the ground, with steep, rocky walls. Massive stone structures, built 5000 years ago and surely Britain's greatest 9 national icon. 8 7 A limestone statue of a creature with a lion's A 102-storey sky body and a human scraper located in New head stands on Giza. York City, which has It is a free standing bell appeared in over 90 tower of the Cathedral of an Italian city, movies. known for its tilt. 11 12 10 Most visited monument, located in Paris, France, built by Gustave Eiffel, New York's most popular to celebrate the 100th London's most famous tourist attraction, a gift year anniversary of the landmark, it is the from France to America, French Revolution. nickname for the Great that represents Libertas, Bell of the clock at the the Roman Goddess of north end of the Palace freedom. of Westminister. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 24  8 GREETINGS AROUND THE WORLD Greeting is the first thing you do before you begin a conversation with someone. There are different ways of greeting in different parts of the world. Fill in the blanks with the word for ‘greetings’ in different parts of the world. 1 2 3 Japanese Arabic Indian 4 6 5 French German Spanish 7 8 Help Box Guten-Morgen Hallo Hello Namaste Hola Nee-Hao Chinese Konnichi Wa As-Salaam-Alaikum English 25 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  9 SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE Some of the most famous people in the world were failures in the th beginning. b i i They learnt lessons from their failures and made them their stepping stones to success. Can you name these people? 1. He was known as an intelligent, but a failed engineer but he overcame his failures and went on to design the automobile, the Model A.................................................. 2. He got very poor grades in school but went on to become the most important scientist of the 20th century.................................................. 3. He was rejected first but went on to become a film producer, director, actor and animator. He created the famous character, Mickey Mouse.................................................. 4. He was deaf and yet he made great music.................................................. 5. She was penniless when she started, but became a billionaire with Harry Potter.................................................. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 26 6. He was so weak at his subjects in school that his teachers gave up. He went on to become one of the greatest scientists.................................................. 7. When he was a child, his teacher told him he was too stupid to learn anything. He grew up to create the first electric bulb.................................................. 8. He faced many failures before he went on to become the sixteenth president of the USA.................................................. 9. He was just an ordinary person who was removed from his high school basketball team because of his lack of skill, but went on to become the greatest basketball player of all times.................................................. 10. His first book was rejected 30 times and he threw it into the bin. His wife removed it and encouraged him to try again. His books later have sold more than 350 million copies worldwide.................................................. Help Box Michael Jordan Isaac Newton Albert Einstein J.K. Rowling Henry Ford Abraham Lincoln Beethoven Stephen King Walt Disney Thomas Alva Edison 27 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  10 MAJESTIC MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD Mountains are beautiful creations of nature. The mountains of Asia are no doubt some of the highest in the world, but there are many majestic mountains in other continents also. These mountains are famous for their beauty, hill resorts and they also have a lot to offer for mountaineers. Name the continent in which these mountains are located. 1 Mount Everest 2 Mount McKinley 3 Mount Kilimanjaro 4 Mount Aconcagua 5 Mount Elbrus Help Box A. Africa B. Australia C. South America D. North America 6 Mount Kosciuszko 7 Vinson Massif E. Antarctica F. Asia G. Europe ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 28  11 RIVERS OF THE WORLD Rivers have been very useful to mankind since prehistoric times. They provide a source of drinking water for us, and for plants and animals. They are also a way to transport goods from place to place. Not just this, rivers are an important habitat for many animals. Look at the map and write the continent in which the rivers are located. 3 5 1 2 4 7 9 6 8 10 Help Box A. The Volga River B. Mississippi River C. The Nile D. The Mekong River E. The Ganga F. The Congo River G. Yangtze River H. Amazon River I. Murray River J. Danube River 29 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  12 FAMOUS OFFICIAL RESIDENCES Whether it is a king, queen, emperor, sultan or a president, every country has its head of state. And every head has his or her official residence. Often, the head of state residences are an important part of the country’s history and culture. Write the names of the official residences of the heads of the states. 2 1 Official residence of the President of Official residence of the India. President of Russia. 3 4 Help Box 1. Casa Rosada 2. Imperial Palace 3. Buckingham Palace Official residence of the Official residence of the President of the United Queen of England. 4. Moscow Kremlin States. 5. The White House 5 6 6. Rashtrapati Bhawan Official residence of the The official residence of Emperor of Japan. Argentinian President. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 30  Geographical Superlatives Quiz Take this geographical superlatives quiz to find out how much you know of the places on Earth. 1. Which is the driest place on Earth with no rainfall at all?................................ 2. Which is the world’s largest island?................................ 3. Which is the largest lake in the world?................................ 4. Which is the longest river in the world?................................ 5. Which is the largest city in the world?................................ 6. Which is the biggest country in the world?................................ 7. Which is the world’s biggest desert?................................ 8. Which is the coldest place on Earth?................................ 9. Which is the world’s tallest waterfalls?................................ 10. Which is the hottest country in the world?................................ 31 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  13 INTERNATIONAL DAYS The United Nations and its specialised agencies designate a number of International Days to mark important aspects of human life and history. Match the day with the date on which it is celebrated. 1. World Laughter Day A. 7th April 2. World Cancer Day B. 24th March 3. World TB Day C. 8th March 4. World Health Day D. 21st September 5. International Women’s Day E. 22nd March 6. World Water Day F. 10th December 7. World Environment Day G. 5th June 8. World Peace Day H. 27th September 9. World Tourism Day I. 10th January 10. International Human Rights Day J. 4th February The father of India's missile T programme, Abdul Kalam, visited prog Switzerland in 2006. Upon his Internationa In l Yoga Day is arrival, Switzerland declared celebrated on 21st June May 26 as Science Day. every year. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 32  TIDBITS National Siblings Day National Siblings Day is celebrated on April 10 every year. Do you know how it started? It is the brainchild of Claudia Evart, who thought up the day as a way for siblings to honour, recognize and celebrate each other. Evart had lost her two siblings in separate accidents early in life. She chose April 10 because it is the birthday of her late sister. In 2008, President Bill Clinton recognised April 10 as National Siblings Day. April Fool's Day The 1st of April is celebrated as April Fool's Day all around the world as a day filled with practical jokes. On that day, family members, friends, neighbours and even teachers may try to play a trick or practical joke on you. So be cautious! World Laughter Day World Laughter Day is observed on the first Sunday of May. The World Laughter Day came into existence in 1998 ; the day was introduced by Dr. Madan Kataria, the founder of the world wide laughter yoga movement. It was first celebated on 11 January, 1998 in Mumbai, India. It is believed that the strongest and most powerful emotion of man, called laughter is the perfect remedy for a healthy life. The concept of 'Laughter Yoga' was introduced world wide and large number of people have benefitted from this unique curative therapy. 33 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  World Book Day 23 April is a symbolic date for world literature. It is celebrated as World Book Day. It is the biggest celebration of its kind, designated by UNESCO as a world wide celebration of books and reading, and marked in over 100 countries all over the world. This day is the anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare, the greatest English playwright. World Music Day The day, known as the World Music Day, was infact a music festival, that began in France in 1982. French Minister of Culture Jack Lang conceived the idea in 1981. Since then, June 21st has been celebrated every year as the World Music Day. The day is celebrated to promote peace and spread goodwill through music. On this day, musicians perform on different platforms and help to make music accessible to the public. International Day of Happiness The International Day of Happiness was founded on June 28, 2012, as a result of the effort of United Nations advisor, Jayme Illien. He said that the day recognises happiness as a human right and a fundamental human goal. Jayme Illien was an orphan rescued from the streets by Mother Teresa's organisation. Jayme Illien was later adopted by a white American woman, Anna Belle Illien. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 34  PUZZLE YOURSELF 2 I. Write the word for greeting used by these people? Japanese French English Indian II. Test Your Knowledge 1. The world's largest island _______________________ 2. The world's biggest desert _______________________ 3. The world's tallest waterfalls _______________________ 4. The hottest country in the world _______________________ 5. The coldest place on Earth _______________________ III. Write the names of these monuments. ________________ ________________ ________________ IV. Write the continent in which these rivers are located. 1. The Volga River : ________________________________________ 2. The Ganga : ________________________________________ 3. The Nile : ________________________________________ 4. The Danube River : ________________________________________ 5. The Mississippi River: ________________________________________ 35 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  V. Match the following. Edison J.K.Rowling Walt Disney VI. Name the official residences of these heads. 1. The President of India _________________________ 2. The President of Russia _________________________ 3. The Queen of England _________________________ VII. When are these days celebrated? 1. World TB Day ________________ 2. World Cancer Day ________________ 3. World Laughter Day ________________ 4. World Environment Day ________________ 5. World Water Day ________________ 6. World Tourism Day ________________ ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 36  AMAZING INDIA 14 ONE COUNTRY, ONE FLAG India was under British rule for more than 200 years. After a long struggle, India became free on 15 August 1947. Indian 'Tiranga' or the Tricolour Flag of India is the National Flag of India. The flag of India signifies the freedom and sovereignty of India and its people. Our flag has three colours. Each colour stands for some qualities. The saffron colour at the top stands for courage and sacrifice. The white colour in the middle stands for truth and purity. The green colour at the bottom represents peace and prosperity of the nation. The blue wheel in the centre of the flag is the Ashoka Chakra, considered as Dharma Chakra (wheel of law). The blue colour represents the colour of sky and ocean. The 24 spokes in the wheel represent the 24 precious hours of the day. Our flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. It was first adopted on 22 July, 1947. It was hoisted on August 15, 1947, by our first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. 37 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  TIDBITS It is really amazing to see the various changes that our National Flag went through since its inception. It was first created during our freedom struggle, but the evolution of the flag to what it is today is an interesting story. Read to know about it. The first national flag in India is said to have been hoisted on August 7, 1906 in Calcutta, now Kolkata. The flag had three strips of red, yellow and green. The second flag is said to have been hoisted in 1907 in Germany by Madam Cama. The third flag went up in 1917 when our political struggle had taken a definite turn. In 1921, an Andhra youth prepared a flag and showed it to Gandhiji. It had two colours. Gandhiji suggested that the spinning wheel and a white strip be added to it. The year 1931 was a landmark of the history of the flag. This flag had three strips of saffron, white and green with the spinning wheel at the centre. After Independence in 1947, a committee headed by Dr Rajendra Prasad was formed to select the national flag. In place of the spinning wheel, the Dharma Chakra of Emperor Ashoka was adopted as the Emblem. As a result, the flag now has three colours with the 'Chakra' in the middle. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 38 Incredible India Facts Mark Twain said, "India is the cradle of o human race, the birthplace of human speech, speech the mother of history, history the th grandmother of legend and the great grandmother of tradition." Such is the greatness of India. Read these facts about incredible India. The number system was invented in India. Brahmagupta, the Indian mathematician was the first to India established the world’s develop the concept of zero. Aryabhatta first university in Takshashila. developed the place value system. Ayurveda, the oldest school India is the largest of medicine, was invented in democracy in the India. world. The game of chess, ludo, snakes and ladders and kabaddi are said to have originated in India. India is the largest producer of milk in the world. India has never invaded any other country in the last 10,000 years of her Yoga originated in history. India. 39 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  Diamonds were first recognised and mined in India. Indians were the first to cultivate cotton. India is the largest producer of mangoes, bananas and papayas. India was the first to use buttons. Indians were pioneers in plastic surgery! India is the world's second largest English speaking country, next only to the USA. India has the largest postal network in the world. It also has a floating post office in Dal Lake, Srinagar. The first rocket in India The first President of India was so light and small Dr. Rajendra Prasad took that it was transported on only 50% of his salary a bicycle of the Thumba (5,000 of 10,000). Towards Launching Station in the end, he took only 25% Thiruvananthapuram, (2500). He said he did not Kerala. need more than that. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 40  15 MAJOR DAMS IN INDIA A dam is a barrier built across a stream or river to stop or check h k the h flow fl of water. When the water level rises due to heavy rains, the water goes behind dams, forming artificial lakes called reservoirs. The stored water in these reservoirs can be used to generate electricity, or to supply water to homes, industries or irrigation. We can also fish, swim and go boating in lakes formed by dams! Name the river across which the dam has been built. 1. Tehri Dam :........................................................................... 2. Idukki Dam :........................................................................... 3. Bhakra Dam :........................................................................... 4. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam :........................................................................... 5. Koyna Dam :........................................................................... 6. Indirasagar Dam :........................................................................... 7. Krishna Raja Sagar Dam :........................................................................... 8. Hirakud Dam :........................................................................... 9. Mettur Dam :........................................................................... 10. Srisailam Dam :........................................................................... Help Box River Krishna, Andhra Pradesh River Kaveri, Tamil Nadu River Narmada, Madhya Pradesh River Koyna, Maharashtra River Bhagirathi, Uttarakhand River Periyar, Kerala River Kaveri, Karnataka River Sutlej, Himachal Pradesh River Krishna, Telangana River Mahanadi, Odisha 41 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  16 FESTIVE FOODS OF INDIA Food is an integral part of Indian festivals. Each region has its own festivals and each festival is associated with some mouth-watering traditional dishes. Match the food item with the festival on which it is made. 1 2 3 Sheer Korma [ ] Rasgulla [ ] Palada Pradhaman [ ] 4 Help Box 5 A. Sankranti B. Ugadi C. Holi D. Ganesh Chaturthi Modak [ ] Mango Pachadi [ ] E. Christmas 6 F. Eid-ul-Fitr 7 G. Navroz H. Onam I. Diwali J. Durga Puja Pongal [ ] Gujiya [ ] 8 9 10 Plum Cake [ ] Chiroti [ ] Ravo [ ] ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 42  17 NOBEL LAUREATES OF INDIA The Nobel Prize is an International award given to those who have made the greatest contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics. Name the Nobel Laureates of India. 3 1 2 In 1930 for In 1913 for Physics Literature In 1979 for Peace 4 5 6 In 1998 for Economics In 1968 for Medicine (Indian from USA) In 2014 for Peace Help Box Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 7 8 Mother Teresa Kailash Satyarthi Rabindranath Tagore Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Amartya Sen In 1983 for Physics In 2009 for Chemistry Har Gobind Khorana (Indian from USA) (Indian from UK) Sir C.V. Raman 43 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  18 AWARDS AND HONOURS IN INDIA India gives awards to citizens for their contribution in different fields. These awards aim to acknowledge the talent, achievement and service of the great citizens of India. Name the award with the help of the clues given. 1. India's highest civilian award for exceptional service in art, literature, science or public service. B T R A 2. Second highest civilian honour of India given for distinguished service in any field. P A V B A N 3. The highest award for military services. P M V R C A 4. Given for exceptional service in any field including service rendered by government servants. P A S I 5. The award given to recognise outstanding achievement in National Sports. A A A D 6. Indian's highest award in cinema given every year for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. D A H B P L A 7. An Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courage or self-sacrifice on the battle field. A K C A ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 44  19 INDIAN ARMED FORCES Thanks to the men and women of India's Armed Forces, we are able bl to live l our lives with freedom and great peace of mind. The Indian Armed Forces comprise of three divisions - Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. Find out and complete the information. 1. The _______________ is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. 2. The _______________ is trained to fight on land. 3. The _______________ takes care of air defence. 4. The _______________ is responsible for defending the nation's coastline, islands, ports and harbours. 5. The headquarters of the Armed Forces is in _______________. 6. The ministry of _______________ looks into the affairs of the Armed Forces. 7. Army Day is on _______________. 8. The minimum age to join the Armed Forces is _______________. 9. National Defence Academy is in _________________________. 10. The motto of Indian Army is _____________________________. 45 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 Indian Armed Forces Facts Read these facts to know about the Indian Armed Forces. Indian Army is the 3rd The Indian Army was largest army in the world. formed in 1776 under the government of the East India Company in Kolkata. All the people who joined the Indian Army have willingly come forward to join the force. Our constitution has the provision to make forced recruitment, but it has never been used. The Indian Army has 53 cantonments and 9 army bases, spread across India. The Ezhimala Naval Academy in Kerala In the Indian Army, there are no is the largest of its kind in Asia. reservations based on caste or religion, only based on merit and fitness. Anyone who passes the tests becomes eligible to join the force. Celebrities like Sachin Tendulkar and M.S. Dhoni were awarded honorary ranks in the Armed Forces. Even some film stars were conferred with military ranks. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 46  TIDBITS Here is a story of a brave soldier who had the courage to question the first Prime Minister of India. After India earned her independence, a meeting was called by the then Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. The meeting was held with the motive of electing the first General of the Indian Army. Mr. Nehru suggested that a British be appointed as the General of Indian Army because no Indian soldier had the experience of leading an army. Everyone agreed to the suggestion, but a soldier named Lt. General Nathu Singh Rathore raised his voice and said, Sir, we don't have enough experience to lead a nation, too. So, shouldn't we appoint a British person as the first Prime Minister? Hearing this, everyone became silent. Nehru asked the soldier whether he was willing to become the first KM Cariappa Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army. But Lt. Rathore suggested the name of his senior Lt. General Cariappa for the post. 47 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  20 PILGRIMAGE PLACES IN INDIA A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place. There are a number of religious groups living in India. So, there are a number of pilgrimage places too. Where are these located? 1 It is well known for the Dargah of Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. 2 The Golden Temple, which is the most sacred place for the Sikhs, is situated here. 3 The famous annual Rath Yatra takes place in the Jagannath Temple here. 4 Sri Venkateswara Temple here is among the most visited Hindu Temples in India, attracting 60,000 pilgrims every day. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 48  5 The Velankanni Church here is one of the important pillars of faith in India. 6 The Dilwara Jain Temple here is one of the most beautiful pilgrimage sites of the Jains in India. 7 A pilgrimage is incomplete without a visit to this place. You can have a dip in the holy Ganga here. 8 The Meenakshi Amman Temple here is one of the most famous temples in India. This place is known as a 'Temple Town'. 9 A holy place called Bodh Gaya where Lord Buddha is believed to have been enlightened. Help Box 1. Mount Abu, Rajasthan 2. Gaya, Bihar 3. Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 4. Ajmer, Rajasthan 5. Puri, Odisha 6. Madurai, Tamil Nadu 7. Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu 8. Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 9. Amritsar, Punjab 49 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  TIDBITS India is a multilingual country and it is clearly visible in the names of its states, since most of the names are in the native language of the states. Many of the names also have their origin in Sanskrit words which was once the main language of India. Let’s have a look at how some states got their names. Arunachal Pradesh: From the words 'Aruna' which means ‘dawn lit’ and ‘achal’ which means ‘mountain’. Mizoram: From the words ‘Mi’ for people, Zo (hill) and Ram (land) meaning “land of the hill people”. Bihar: From the word ‘Vihara’ which means ‘Abode’. Kerala: From the word ‘Kera’ in Malayalam, which means ‘coconut’ meaning ‘land of coconut palms’. Haryana: From the words ‘Hari’ which means Lord Vishnu and ‘ana’ which means 'to come’. Himachal Pradesh: From the words ‘Hima’ which means ‘snow’ and 'achal' which means ‘mountain’. Jharkhand: From the words ‘Jhar’ which means ‘forest’ and 'khand' which means ‘land’. Karnataka: From the words ‘Karu’ which means 'elevated land’ and 'naat' which means ‘land’. Maharashtra: From the words 'Maha' which means ‘great’, and 'rashtra' which means ‘nation’. Manipur: Meaning ‘land of jewels’. Meghalaya: Meaning ‘land of clouds’. Punjab: From the words ‘Punj’ which means 'five' and ‘ab’ which means ‘water’. Rajasthan: From the words ‘Raja’ which means ‘king’ meaning, the ‘land of Rajputs’. Tamilnadu: From the words ‘Tamil’ which means ‘sweet nectar’ and 'nadu' which means ‘homeland’ or ‘nation’. Chandigarh: Got its name from the ‘Chandi Temple’ of Chandi Devi. ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 50  21 TWIN CITIES OF INDIA Twin cities are a special case of two cities that are situated in close geographic proximity and are of comparable size. India has a number of twin cities that have grown into each other over a period of time. The twin cities share a symbiotic relationship as they are interdependent. Match the city with its twin. 1. Ahmedabad Secunderabad 2. Cuttack Ernakulam 3. Hyderabad Howrah 4. Kochi Gandhinagar 5. Hubli Bhubaneswar 6. Kolkata Dharwad 51 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  22 INDIAN CITIES ON RIVER BANKS India is a country of rivers. Many famous cities were developed on river banks, so rivers are also called the 'cradles of civilizations' On the banks of which river are these cities in India located? 1. Agra Ganges 2. Kolkata Sabarmati 3. Allahabad Narmada 4. Ahmedabad Krishna 5. Vijayawada Mahanadi 6. Rajahmundry Yamuna 7. Sambalpur Hooghly 8. Tiiruchirapalli Gomti 9. Jabalpur Jhelum 10. Srinagar Kaveri 11. Hyderabad Musi 12. Lucknow Godavari ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 52  23 POWERFUL SLOGANS OF INDIAN LEADERS India became free at the stroke of midnight on 14th August, 1947. Since then, India celebrates its Independence Day on 15 August. Celebrating independence and remembering the great leaders on this day gives every Indian a feeling of pride to be born in India. Write the names of the leaders who gave us these slogans from the help box. "Jai Hind" "Vande Mataram" "Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it" 1 2 3 4 5 "In attaining our "Jai Jawaan, ideals, our means Jai Kisaan" should be as pure as the end." 6 7 "So long as you do not achieve social liberty, "Inquilab whatever freedom is Zindabad" provided by the law is of no avail to you" 53 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  "Araam Haraam Hai" 9 "Do or Die" 8 "Satyamev 10 Jayathe" 12 "The blows struck at me "We will face the bullets of will be the last nails in the enemies. We are free the coffin of British rule in and will remain free" India" 11 13 "Oh Lord! Grant me a hundred births in India. But grant me this too, that each time I may give up my life in the service of the Motherland". Help Box Jawaharlal Nehru Lal Bahadur Sastri Bal Gangadhar Tilak Subhas Chandra Bose Mahatma Gandhi Lala Lajpat Rai Chandrasekhar Azad Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Bhagat Singh Ram Prasad Bismil Dr. Rajendra Prasad Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 54  24 IMPORTANT DAYS TO REMEMBER We often celebrate various days and dates in our calendar which are of social, global, memorial or festive importance. There are some important days we celebrate in India. Match the day with the date on which it is celebrated. 1. National Youth Day July 1 2. Army Day November 14 3. Tourism Day January 30 4. Doctor’s Day January 15 5. National Science Day January 24 6. National Flag Day January 12 7. Children’s Day December 7 8. Farmer's Day (Kisan Diwas) September 5 9. National Sports Day August 29 10. Martyr’s Day December 23 11. National Girl Child Day February 28 12. Teachers' Day January 25 55 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  PUZZLE YOURSELF 3 I. What do the colours in the flag stand for? II. Name the river across which the dam has been constructed. 1. Tehri Dam : __________________________ 2. Bhakra Dam : __________________________ 3. Idukki Dam : __________________________ 4. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam : __________________________ 5. Hirakud Dam : __________________________ III. For which festival are these food items made? P l Pongal M d k Modak Sh Sheer K Korma _________________ _________________ _________________ IV. Match the Nobel Laureates with the fields in which they won them. 1. Mother Teresa Medicine 2. Sir C.V. Raman Literature 3. Rabindranath Tagore Peace 4. Har Gobind Khorana Physics V. Name these awards. 1. India's highest civilian award : B T R A ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 56 2. Highest award for military services : P M V R C A 3. Award to recognise outstanding achievement in national sports : A A A D VI. Where are these pilgrimage places located? Golden Temple Dilwara Jain Temple ____________________ ____________________ VII. On which river banks are these cities located? Unscramble the letters. 1. Agra 2. Vijayawada n Y h a r u a s i m a K n 3. Kolkata 4. Srinagar l h o J e h H o y g u m l VIII. Who gave these slogans? 1. 'Jai Jawaan, Jai Kisaan' __________________________ 2. 'Inquilab Zindabad' __________________________ 3. 'Araam Haraam Hai' __________________________ 4. 'Satyamev Jayathe' __________________________ 5. 'Do or Die' __________________________ 57 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  FASCINATING SCIENCE 25 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS The world we live in today would be a different place without the amazing discoveries and inventions of our scientists. They have been vital in contributing to our understanding of the universe we live in. Name the scientists using the clues given. 1 The scientist who discovered radium that helps with curing cancer. 2 The greatest physicist who discovered that gravity is the reason for objects to fall to the ground when dropped. 3 The scientist who discovered pasteurisation, the process of heating milk to kill the germs in it. He also invented vaccines for cholera, anthrax, small pox and rabies. 4 The scientist who proved that the sun is at the centre of our solar system with the planets revolving around it. He also invented the telescope so that he could gaze, far off into space. Help Box Galileo Isaac Newton Marie Curie Louis Pasteur ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 58  26 POWER FOODS Your immune system is your friend. It protects your body from infection. By eating some foods, you can strengthen your immune system, prevent flu, colds and other illnesses. Write numbers for the foods with the help of the clues. 1 2 It improves your Gives you vitamin D digestion and keeps that is necessary to your intestine free boost your immunity. of disease-causing germs. 3 4 Increase the white blood cells in the blood which fight infection. Packed with vitamins A and C that keep you healthy and energetic. 6 5 Our immune system O id identifies harmful Contain vitamin A bacteria, viruses and which keeps out Contain vitamin E other germs in the body infection and can that helps the body and sends the white blood even prevent cancer. fight infection. cells to fight and destroy them. WBCs are the soldiers of our body. 59 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  7 8 Helps to control cholesterol, BP and reduces risk of cancer. Contain vitamin B that helps the immune system work well. 10 Rich in vitamin 9 Contain vitamin C C, keeps eyes Enough rest and nd which helps prevent and skin healthy. sleep helps you colds. have a healthy immune system. 12 11 Packed with antioxidants; Fights infections and Helps in producing germ- helps in lowering fighting compounds. BP and slows down hardening of arteries. Help Box A positive attitude 1. Salmon Fish 2. Green Tea 3. Chicken is good for your immune system. 4. Mushrooms 5. Grapes 6. Oranges 7. Garlic 8. Yogurt 9. Spinach 10. Carrots 11. Almonds 12. Bananas ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 60  27 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE Science is the search for truth and knowledge about the universe i through h h systematic experimentation and research. The main branches of science are life sciences, physical sciences and earth sciences. Each of these can be divided into several other branches of study. Find the different fields of study in the word search. Use the clues given. O A S C H E M I S T R Y C D E G E N E T I C S M E Y E W B O T A N Y U I A Z X C B M E E L K J H N R E T S D O C U O R I O B R A S T R O N O M Y G V N T W U O L D F G U R M A G E O L O G Y K T A P R Y A M O G V N L R P Z O O L O G Y A F G N H D M A P H Y S I C S L Y S U M E D I C I N E K P A L E O N T O L O G Y * The science of treating and preventing illness * The study of plants * The study of relation between living things and the environment * The study of animals * The study of the composition, properties, and structure of matter * The study of oceans and seas * The study of matter and energy * The study of heredity * The study of origin, history and structure of the Earth * The study of weather and climate * The study of forms of life in prehistoric times * The study of the universe beyond the Earth’s atmosphere 61 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  Sense Organs Quiz This quiz is all about your sense organs. Take the quiz to test how well you know your sense organs. 1. The number of sense organs in the human body T3 T4 T5 2. The sense that helps us protect ourselves from touching hot objects and getting burns T sense of touch T sense of vision T sense of smell 3. The sensory organ which helps us taste food T nose T tongue T ears 4. The pigment that gives colour to skin T melanin Tselanin Tmeonin 5. Light passes through the T cornea T iris T lens 6. The coloured part of the eye is called T pupil T cornea T iris 7. What is the flap of the ear called? T cochlea T ear drum T pinna 8. Where is the smallest bone in the human body found? T ear T nose T eye 9. The eye's outermost layer that covers the front of the eye T retina T cornea T iris 10. The circular opening in your eye that lets in light T pupil T retina T iris 11. These protect the eyes and keep them clear and moist T eyelids and eyelashes T eyeballs and eyebrows T pupil and iris 12. The most important part of the ear T pinna T eardrum T ear canal 13. Papillae are also called T taste buds T saliva T tongue ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 62  28 STAY FIT Exercise is of four types – endurance, strength, balance and flexibility. Endurance or aerobic exercises keep your heart and lungs healthy. Strength exercises make your muscles strong. Balance exercises help prevent falls by improving the balance of the body. Flexibility exercises stretch your muscles and give you freedom of movement. Most people think one type of exercise is enough. Doing a little of all types is more beneficial. Given below are some pictures of exercises. Write their names from the helpbox. 1 2 3................................................................................................ 4 5 6................................................................................................ 7 8 Help Box Yoga Skipping Swimming Brisk Walking Dancing Jogging................................................................ Tai Chi Weight Lifting 63 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  29 COMMON DISEASES A disease is an abnormal condition affecting a living organism. Some diseases are communicable or infectious while some are non-communicable or non- infectious. All diseases are associated with some causes and symptoms. Write the name of the disease with the help of the information given. 2 1 The parasite enters the A disease that human body through causes swelling the bite of female of the joints. anopheles mosquito. A R S M A A A condition in which there is 3 yellowish discolouration in skin, Bacterial infection urine and whites of eyes caused by that affects the lungs excess bile pigment. 4 and other organs. T R L S 5 A disease which is J D E caused by lack of enough healthy blood cells. Bacterial infection caused by unclean food and water, A E A causing stomach ache, fever 7 and headache. 6 Viral infection that spreads through air, causing skin rashes and fever. M S S T H D ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 64 Human Body Organs Facts The largest internal organ is the small intestine. Fingernails grow The heart 4 times faster is made of than toenails. muscles. The lips are red or pink because of many capillaries The heart pumps on (tiny blood vessels) just average 4-6 litres of below the skin. blood around the body every minute. Our skin cells get The left lung is replaced all the time. smaller than the In our lifetime, we right lung to make get 800-900 complete There are 60,000 space for the heart. new skins. miles of blood vessels in the The right kidney human body. is slightly lower in position than the When part of the left kidney. dney. The largest organ liver is removed of the human is by operation, it the skin. can grow back. The left side of your brain controls the right side of your body and the right side The human brain is of your brain controls the left part of your about 85% water. body. 65 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  30 SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES Given below are pictures of scientific instruments and devices that are used by different people in their work. Label them correctly with the help of the descriptions given. Write the number and letter in the box. Help Box 1. an instrument for measuring temperature 2. an instrument for measuring purity of milk a. compass 3. an instrument for measuring heart beat b. microscope 4. an instrument for viewing distant objects in space c. speedometer 5. an instrument for measuring rainfall in a place d. lactometer 6. an instrument for finding directions e. altimeter 7. an instrument for measuring intensity of earthquakes f. seismograph 8. an instrument for measuring altitude (height) used in g. rain gauge aeroplanes h. thermometer 9. an instrument for viewing very small objects i. telescope 10. an instrument for measuring speed of a vehicle j. stethoscope ARROW - Mind Quest - 4 66  TIDBITS Coal-Run Buses of Olden Days Oldest known US made motorcycle A 1903 motorcycle, the oldest motorcycle made in the US and the only one of its kind, valued at over 155,000 US dollars. Buses of olden days were run on coal. Bullock-Hauled Train It is a bullock-hauled train of Indian Railways during 1863 in Baroda. Buses in the Olden Days The first horse-drawn bus service was started in 1823, followed by steam- powered buses in the 1830s. From 1898, there were motor-buses. Full-sized buses could be seen from the 1950s. Earliest Trains of the World The earliest trains of the world were run on steam. They had steam engines. 67 ARROW - Mind Quest - 4  n e