AP US Government and Politics Mid-Year Exam Review PDF

AP US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS MID-YEAR EXAM REVIEW 1. How are Constitutional amendments proposed and ratified? 2. Foundational Documents: The Federalist Papers #10, #51,Brutus NO. 1, DOI, Articles of Confederation, Structure of the Constitution, 3. Judicial review (Marbury v. Ma...

AP US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS MID-YEAR EXAM REVIEW 1. How are Constitutional amendments proposed and ratified? 2. Foundational Documents: The Federalist Papers #10, #51,Brutus NO. 1, DOI, Articles of Confederation, Structure of the Constitution, 3. Judicial review (Marbury v. Madison) 4. Compare the Anti-Federalists & Federalists 5. Direct democracy: 6. Referendum, Initiative, & Recall. 7. John Locke 8. Democratic Republic 9. Limited government 10. Majoritarianism: 11. McCulloch v. Maryland 12. Pluralism 13. political socialization. 14. capitalism 15. Constitutional Amendments 16. Political Spectrum 17. U.S. voter turnout 18. Mayflower Compact 19. Charles Beard’s political interpretation: (will not be on the exam) 20. Common Sense, 21. The Bill of Rights 23. Articles of Confederation 25. The Great Compromise 26. The Three-Fifths Compromise 27. In what way does the Supreme Court check the Congress? 28. In what way does the President of the United States check the Congress? 29. The Framers established that the Constitution would be ratified if approved by: 30. What advantages spring from a system of federalism? 31. enumerated powers. 32. "elastic clause" 33. inherent powers. 34. The ________________ states that the powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states. 35. The Supremacy Clause 36. Vertical checks and balances? 37. full faith and credit clause/privileges & immunities clause 38. In Gibbons v. Ogden 39. Chief Justice ________ did much to increase the power of the national government and to reduce that of the states in the early part of the Nineteenth Century. 40. dual federalism. 42. Categorical grants 43. federal mandate: ADA, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Endangered Species Act, Brady Bill, Welfare Reform Act, NCLB, REAL ID Act of 2005, Clean Air & War Acts 44. devolution. 45. revenue sharing. 47. Civil War Amendments 48. Plessy v. Ferguson 50. Obstacles to minority voting 51. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) 57. The Equal Rights Amendment  59. affirmative action. 60. reverse discrimination 61. electoral college system 62. The commerce clause of the Constitution 64. 1973 Roe v. Wade decision 66. block grants/project grants/formula grants 67.​Incorporation theory (selective incorporation) 68. Miranda v. Arizona (will not be on the exam) 71. Gitlow v. New York (will not be on the exam) 78. Tracking polls, push polls, sampling error, exit polls, etc. 79. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002/ The McCain-Feingold 90. Registered voters directly elect which of the following? I. The President and Vice President II. Supreme Court Justices III. Members of the Senate IV. Members of the House of Representatives 91. What groups typically vote for liberal candidates? 92. Many voters who identify themselves as _______________ nonetheless acknowledge that they lean toward one party or another. 93. sampling error. 94. Presidential election of 2000: 95. Common Cause 96. Lobbyists: Techniques and Strategies 97. Political action committees (PACs) 98. ____________ groups represent people in the electorate who feel strongly about a certain cause. 100. “iron triangle” 101. "revolving door" 102. The major difference between the Democratic and Republican parties. 103. A voter or a candidate who does not identify with a political party is called ___________. 105. The major difference between a political party and an interest group? 106. faction 110. "527s" 120. Describe the Federalists: 121. What was George Washington's view on political parties? 122. Democratic-Republican Party: 123. Christian Coalition, which is usually aligned with the _____________party actively focuses on protection of rights regarding the issue of moral & ethical values? 133. The Tenth Amendment 135. Federalism 136. Amicus curiae briefs 137. Compare “fiscal federalism” and “cooperative federalism” 138. Dred Scott decision 139. How do you formally amend the United States Constitution? 140. First Amendment 141. How do lobbyists try to influence legislators? 143. States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from ____________________grants. 144. In the Federalist No.10, what was James Madison’s position on factions? 145. Explain the concept of unfunded mandates 146. What was the most important effect of replacing the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution of 1787? 147. 14th Amendment 148. Compare and contrast Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 1954 Fisher v. University of Texas, and Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978. 149. free rider 150. According to public opinion research, which groups tend to hold liberal political views? 151. means tested vs. entitlement programs 152. party machine 153. Closed vs. open primaries 154. realignment & dealignment 155. winner-take-all vs. proportional 156. single member district 157. Reasons for the two party system in America