MidTerm Exam Study Guide Updated 2021 PDF

Name: _miyahhh________________________Block_2nd____ Elements of Art Line: An element of art used to define space, contours, and outlines. It can be 2-D (pen on paper) or 3-D (rope or wire), or an implied edge. 1. Secondary Colors: Colors made by mixing two primary colors. 2. Form: An ele...

Name: _miyahhh________________________Block_2nd____ Elements of Art Line: An element of art used to define space, contours, and outlines. It can be 2-D (pen on paper) or 3-D (rope or wire), or an implied edge. 1. Secondary Colors: Colors made by mixing two primary colors. 2. Form: An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume (length, width, height), such as a cube, sphere, or pyramid. It can be geometric or organic. 3. Tint: A lighter value of a color mixed by adding white. 4. Organic Shapes: Refers to free-form shapes that appear in or are patterned after things in nature, shapes derived from living things. 5. Space: The area that surrounds, and sometimes goes through a work of art. 6. Texture: The element of design which refers to the way a surface looks or feels, most closely related to the term “tactile.” 7. Color Scheme: The color relationship that consists of one color plus its tints and shades. 8. Shape: An element of art that is two-dimensional with height and length. It can be geometric or organic. 9. Complementary Colors: Colors directly across from one another on the color wheel. 10. Biomorphic Shapes: Biomorphic shapes that are curved and rounded. 11. Analogous Colors: Colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. 12. Geometric Forms: Refers to mechanical, man-made forms such as cubes and rectangular prisms.  13. Mass and Volume: Are the two most important characteristics of a sculpture. Principles of Design 1. Composition: The arrangement of elements of art within an artwork. 2. Pose/Movement: The main principle of design associated with a static or dynamic pose of a sculpture. 3. Contrast: The differences between elements such as color, texture, value, shape, or size. 4. Balance: The principle of design that refers to the visual stability in an artwork; there are 3 kinds: symmetrical, asymmetrical & radial. 5. Unity: A principle of design that refers to the sense of oneness in a work of art; for example, using a consistent material and color throughout the work of art. 6. Repetition/Pattern: The repeating of a motif in a recognizable organization; such as repeating lines, shapes, or colors. 7. Emphasis/Focal Point: When one area of a work of art attracts more attention than the rest. 8. Symmetrical Balance: A formal type of balance in which both sides of a design appear to be identical. 9. Dynamic Arrangement/Movement: Refers to the active arrangement of shapes in a sculpture; for example, adding diagonal lines of material to draw the eye upward and give the work a sense of energy. Art Criticism 1. Description/Analysis: To describe what you see in a work of art; this is also where you identify the Elements of Art in the  work. 2. Judgment/Evaluation: Refers to the judgment of a work of art in order to discover its overall level of quality. 3. Craftsmanship/Technique: Refers to the artist’s skill and ability to carefully create a clean and well-planned design while demonstrating mastery of technique. Clay Terms 1. Leather Hard Clay: The condition of the clay where most moisture has left the body but it is still plastic enough to be carved or joined; this is the BEST stage for carving because the structure won’t collapse and will maintain its shape. 2. Bone Dry Clay (Greenware): Stage at which clay has lost all moisture; it is light-colored, fragile, and dusty feeling. 3. Kiln: A furnace used for heating up clay to high temperatures so it will become vitrified or permanent. 4. Slab Construction Technique (Slabs): Sheets or slices of clay that are rolled out often with a rolling pin and then wrapped, folded, or cut and joined together to create cylindrical or straight-sided forms. 5. Scoring & Slip Method (Scoring): In order to join two pieces of clay, score both clay surfaces with a tool; then use a creamy mixture known as slip (clay mixed with water). 6. Wedging Technique (Wedging): Kneading plastic clay with the heels of your hands which forces out trapped air; this creates uniform texture, plasticity, and freedom from air bubbles. 7. Bisque Ware (Bisqueware): Clay that has been fired for the first time so all water has been removed. 8. Glaze (Ceramic Glaze): A liquid suspension containing silica, clay, and minerals that when fired produce a glass-like surface on clay creating functional ceramic vessels; it is waterproof and food safe. 9. Coiling Technique (Coiling): Handbuilding technique that uses snakelike rolls of clay while smoothing over joints inside and outside the vessel. 10. Functional Ceramics Artist (Potter): Refers to an artist who primarily makes functional ceramic work. 1. Maquette: the term for a small model of a sculpture, usually made of plaster or clay before final construction begins for a larger sculpture. 2. Armature: the internal supporting skeletal structure that prevents sculpture from collapsing during construction. 3. Subtractive Sculpture: the process of removing material (i.e., carving of plaster,  stone, or wood) to achieve a final form. 4. Additive Sculpture: a sculpture process in which material is applied to build up and develop a form. 5. Relief Sculpture: a sculpture that can only be seen from the front or side and is raised up on a flat surface. 6. Assemblage: sculptures made from different found objects and materials and put  together. 7. Scoring: scratching a line to help make a neat and crisp fold when creating sculpture from cardboard or poster board. 8. Mass: a solid form with little or no negative space. 9. In-the-round Sculpture: a sculpture that can be seen from all sides. 10. Thumbnail Sketches: small drawings in a sketchbook to help brainstorm ideas. 11. Constructivism: is a technique that uses a variety of common building materials such as screws and wire joined together to make a sculpture. 12. Frontal Pose: refers to a pose of a figure that is facing and looking forward. Subject Matter 1. Non-Objective Art: an art that is an expression in pure design and form that  shows no recognizable subject matter. 2. Abstract Art: art that is based on reality but is a simplification or distortion of the subject matter. 3. Protest Art: art that is created to protest an event, political figure, or to make commentary on society. 4. Figurative Art: Subject matter based on the human form.  5. Bust Art: Subject matter based on a bust of a person. Art History 1. Bernini’s “David” uses movement, strong diagonal forms, and emotions. What art period was this created in? Baroque 2. Michelangelo’s “David” was made during the Renaissance time period and  features the ideal boy standing in a contrapposto pose. 3. What is one of the greatest Hellenistic sculptures? It is the symbol of winged victory portrayed in a stance of movement with air currents on the drapery of the  figure? Nike of Samothrace 4. During the Gothic Period, architects used flying buttresses, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, gargoyles, and stained glass. 5. During which time period did Donatello create his bronze sculpture, “David”? Renaissance 6. Know the artist:Donatello 7. Know this Roman temple:Pantheon 8. Name the Time Period:Classical 9. Name The Civilization:Ancient Greece 10. Name this structure:Colosseum 11. Name the Civilization of the Coliseum:Ancient Rome 12. Name this mausoleum:Taj Mahal 13. Name the art period:Mughal Architecture