Plants Mid-Unit Review KEY (2024) PDF

Name: _____________________ Class: _____ Plants Mid-Unit Review KEY (2024) Plant Process What is it? Where in the plant it Happens? How does it happen? Osmosis How a plant takes in water Roots Water moves from areas of high concentration (soil) to areas of low...

Name: _____________________ Class: _____ Plants Mid-Unit Review KEY (2024) Plant Process What is it? Where in the plant it Happens? How does it happen? Osmosis How a plant takes in water Roots Water moves from areas of high concentration (soil) to areas of low concentration (roots) through a semipermeable membrane (only lets water & dissolved minerals through, keeps everything else out) Photosynthesis How a plant makes food Leaves Uses energy from the sun, combined with CO2 and H2O to make glucose (C6H12O6) Cellular Respiration How a plant uses the food it makes Leaves In the absence of sunlight (at night time), taking glucose and oxygen, breaking it down (to be used for growth), releasing CO2 and water Transpiration How a plant gets rid of excess water Leaves Stomata on the underside of leaves opens to let out excess water What are the 4 basic needs of plants? Osmosis & Diffusion = Same Osmosis and Diffusion = Different * Energy (uses sunlight to create own food) * Water * Gas exchange * Suitable habitat Both move particles from an area of high concentration (lots of particles) to an area of low concentration (few particles) until they are evenly spread out Osmosis is specifically with: * Water * Through a semi-permeable membrane When talking about plants, what does the word ADAPTATION mean? An inherited characteristic that allows a plant to survive and thrive in an environment. Example: answers will vary For the following table, either identify the specific type of plant adaptation or the condition for which the adaptation is specific for: Plant Adaptation (type of root) Conditions Adapted For: Plant Adaptation (leaf or stem) Conditions Adapted For: Fibrous root Soaking up surface water quickly Needles instead of leaves Dry climates Fibrous root or a combination type that is deep but also spreads out far to anchor and provide stability Extremely windy areas Large leaves Warm, Humid, Shady climates Tap root Storing extra food/energy Waxy leaves Hot or dry climates Tap root Dry climates Short stem Cold climate, dry climates Hollow stem Hot and dry climate Define the following terms: * Chlorophyll: The green pigment found in the leaves of plants. This allows plants to harness the sun’s energy * Stomata: Pores (holes) on the underside of leaves which open at night time to allow water out and gas exchange to happen * Roots: The part of the plant responsible for taking in water, anchoring the plant, and storing energy for times of scarcity * Stem: The part of the plant responsible for transporting water and nutrients around the plant, supporting the plant, helping it compete for sunlight (if tall stem) and at times, storing energy in times of scarcity * Leaves: The part of the plant where both photosynthesis and respiration take place. Responsible for capturing energy from the sun, transpiration, and gas exchange (both through the stomata) * Xylem (UP): Transport chamber in the stem which moves water and dissolved nutrients from the roots up to the leaves * Phloem (DOWN): Transport chamber in the stem which moves glucose from the leaves to the rest of the plant What is the difference between a fibrous root and a taproot? Draw and explain. 1. Fibrous root: thin, similar-sized shallow roots that grow in clusters and are adapted for the rapid absorption of surface water 2. Taproot: one main (thick) root that narrows at the tip and is adapted for drilling down deep into the soil; often have secondary roots (root hairs) to increase surface area and take in more water Soil is composed of 2 main parts. Sort the following words into 2 categories, based on the two main components of soil: humus, drains water, nutrients, parent material, retains water, minerals, organic matter, inorganic matter Inorganic Matter Parent Material Minerals Drains water Organic Matter Humus Nutrients Retains water Distinguish between the three types of soil we discussed in class. Sandy Soil Loam Soil Clay Soil Composition (what is it mostly made of?) Mostly parent material (large grain) Balance of parent material and humus Mostly tiny fine grain parent material How does it handle water? (does it retain or drain, or both?) Drains water quickly Good balance of draining and retaining water Retains/ holds water 1 Pro or 1 Con of the type of soil Low in nutrients, water sinks to the bottom Most universal healthy balanced soil for most plants to grow successfully No space for air in soil, so it smothers plants Define each of the following in your own words (remember that a textbook definition is useless if you don’t understand what it means). a) Cultivated –when land is plowed or prepared to be planted as farmland b) Organic farming – farming without using chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides) c) Crop rotation –Changing the location of a crop each year to a new plot of land. This is done so that the same crop isn’t taking the same nutrients from the soil year after year and depleting the nutrients in the soil. d) Monoculture farming –only growing 1 type of crop in your entire land. This is done because it is easier and more efficient, costs less (you only need one type of equipment for a single crop, you only need one type of fertilizer, herbicide/pesticide that works for a specific plant instead of several different types of plants, etc) e) Biological Control – using a pest’s natural predator to get rid of a pest problem instead of using chemicals f) Hydroponics – growing plants in vitamin rich water and gravel instead of growing them in soil. This is done when the soil conditions aren’t good. g) Shelterbelts – a row of trees planted at the edge of a field to be a windbreak. This helps to decrease WIND EROSION h) Zero Tillage - instead of plowing (also known as tilling), the bottom 6” of the plant is left in the ground. This is known as “stubble” and it means that the remaining roots will hold the soil in place, and slowly break down to add nutrients back into the soil. i) Herbicides - chemicals that when applied to a crop, will kill WEEDS (unwanted plants) j) Pesticides - chemicals that when applied to a crop, will kill PESTS (critters) k) Insecticides - chemicals that when applied to a crop, will kill INSECTS l) Combine (the machine) - a piece of farm equipment that cuts (reaps), threshes, and bundles crops. This piece of machinery saves time and money. m) Companion Planting - an organic method of pest control where plants are grown together in close proximity to allow one of the plants to act as a pest deterrent for the other plant (ex: plant marigolds around the edge of your garden to deter rabbits) Give an example (answers will vary) of how plant are used as: 1. Food: vegetables to make a salad, fruit for pies, etc. 2. Fibre: cotton/hemp/bamboo for clothing, hemp for rope, wood pulp for paper, etc. 3. Transportation: oil for lubricants, rubber for tires, fossil fuels, dugout canoes, wood for skateboard deck, etc. 4. Medicine: opium for morphine, ginger for anti-nausea, herbal remedies, etc.