Intro to Microbiology and Parasitology Lecture PDF

Intro to Microbiology and Parasitology Lecture DEFINITION 📌 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Father of Microbiology - Field concerned with structure, function, First to observe live microorganisms...

Intro to Microbiology and Parasitology Lecture DEFINITION 📌 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Father of Microbiology - Field concerned with structure, function, First to observe live microorganisms and classification of organisms. using a simple microscope (single lens of 300x) MICROBIOLOGY “Animalcules” Wrote series of letters to the royal society Study of microorganisms, or microbes, of London to prove his work. He made a which include bacteria, archaea, algae, detailed drawing. fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Simple Microscope Parts: o Focus knob DIVISIONS. o Sample translator o Lens Bacteriology – Bacteria o Sample holder Mycology – Fungi Phycology – Algae THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS Protozoology – Protozoan GENERATION Virology – Virus Early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY or decomposing matter. THEORY OF BIOGENESIS 📌 Roger Bacon Living things can only arise from other First ever postulated that a disease is living things. caused by an invisible living creature. 📌 Francisco Redi 📌 Girolamo Fracastoro & Anton von He opposed the Theory of Spontaneous Plenciz Generation. Made similar observations, assertions, He experimented on maggots and and suggestions but without any decaying meat. experimental evidences or proof. 📌 John Needham 📌 Athanasius Kircher Made reference of these “worms” typically He claimed that microbes developed invisible to the naked eye and found in spontaneously from fluids. decaying meat, milk, bodies, and diarrheal secretions. 📌 Lazzaro Spallanzi Believed that microorganisms from air 📌 Robert Hooke probably entered Needham’s solution English Father of Microbiology after they are boiled. Thin slice of cork Life’s smallest structural units “little 📌 Louis Pasteur boxes” or cells Disproved the TSG Developed the Fermentation and Pasteurization He demonstrated the Germ Theory of Disease Intro to Microbiology and Parasitology Lecture 📌 Joseph Lister MODERN ADVANCES IN Introduced aseptic technique to reduce MICROBIOLOGY microbes in medical settings and prevent wound infection. BACTERIOLOGY Involved disinfection of hands using - Study of Bacteria chemical prior to surgery Use heat for sterilization MYCOLOGY - Study of Fungi “Phenols” can kill bacteria; used to treat surgical wounds PARASITOLOGY 📌 Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes - Study of protozoa and parasitic worms Observed the mothers of home birth had more infection. IMMUNOLOGY - Study of immunity 📌 Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis Correlated infections with physicians VIROLOGY coming directly from the autopsy room to - Study of viruses maternity ward BIOTECHNOLOGY - Use of microorganism to produce 📌 Robert Koch common food and chemicals Established Koch’s postulate Identified causes of anthrax, TB, and MOLECULAR BIOLOGY cholera - Study of how genetic information is Developed pure culture methods carried in molecules of DNA and how it directs the synthesis of proteins 📌 Edward Jenner MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Developed the first vaccine for small pox - Study of relationship between microorganism and their environment 📌 Paul Erlich Developed the “Magic Bullet” or Salvarsan SEWAGE TREATMENT USING MICROBES or 666 (TX for syphilis - STD) - Treatment of water combining carious physical and chemical processes with the action of beneficial microbes 📌 Alexander Fleming Developed the first antibiotic – Penicillin - BIOREMEDIATION from mold - Refers to the use of microbes to Usually not used anymore, Penicillium remove underground wells, chemical Notatum spills, toxic waste sites and oil spills INSECT PEST CONTROL - Use of microbes to control pests as alfalfa caterpillars, bollworms, corn borers, cabbageworms, tobacco bud worms, and fruit leaf rollers  Intro to Microbiology and Parasitology Lecture 8. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY IN VARIOUS - Making life-saving drugs, antibiotics PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES (penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines, streptomycin). 1. Food Technological Microbiology 2. Agricultural Technological Microbiology 9. Soil and Agricultural Microbiology. 3. Chemical and Fuel Technological Microbiology - Helps in the maintenance of a good farm 4. Medical Technological Microbiology land by keeping and sustaining a reasonable and regular presence of 1. Aero-Microbiology. microbes in it. - Helps in the overall preservation and 10. Waste-Treatment Microbiology. preparation of food, food-prone diseases, - Treatment of domestic and industrial and their ultimate prevention. effluents or wastes by lowering the Biological Oxidation Demand, and 2. Beverage Microbiology. Chemical Oxidation Demand. - Making of beer, shandy, wine, and a variety of alcoholic beverages (whisky, brandy, rum, gin, vodka, etc.). 3. Exomicrobiology. - Help in the exploration of life in the outer space. 4. Food Microbiology. - Making cheese, yogurt 5. Geochemical Microbiology. - Help in the study of coal, mineral deposits, and gas formation; prospecting the deposit of gas and oil, coal, recovery of minerals from low-grade ore. 6. Industrial Microbiology. - Making of ethanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, glucose syrup, high-fructose syrup. 7. Medical Microbiology. - Helps in the diagnostic protocol for identification of causative agents of various human ailments, and subsequent preventive measures. Intro to Microbiology and Parasitology Lecture THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY DATE DISCOVERER DISCOVERY 1665 Hooke 1st observation of Cells 1673 Leeuwenhoek 1st observation of live microorganisms 1735 Linnaeus Nomenclature of organism 1798 Jenner 1st vaccine 1835 Bassi Silkworm fungus 1840 Semmelweis Childbirth fever 1853 DeBary Fungal plant disease 1857 Pasteur Fermentation 1861 Pasteurization 1867 Lister Aseptic Surgery 1876 Koch Germ theory of disease 1879 Neisser Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1881 Koch Pure cultures Finley Yellow fever 1882 Koch Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hess Solid agar media 1883 Koch Vibrio cholerae 1884 Metchnikoff Phagocytosis 1884 Gram Gram staining procedure 1884 Escherich Escherichia coli 1887 Petri Petri dish 1889 Kitasato Clostridium tetani 1890 Von Bering Diphtheria toxin Erlich Theory of immunity 1898 Shiga Shiga toxin 1908 Erlich Syphilis 1910 Chages Trypanosoma cruzi 1911 Rous Tumor-causing virus 1928 Fleming, Chain, Florey Penicillin 1934 Lancefield Streptococcal antigens 1946 Ledeberg, Tatum Bacterial conjugation 1953 Watson, Crick DNA structure 1959 Jacob, Monod Protein synthesis regulation 1962 Edelman, Porter Antibodies 1964 Epstein, Achong, Barr Epstein-Barr virus as cause of human cancer 1973 Berg, Boyer, Cohen Genetic engineering 1975 Dulbecco, Temin, Reverse transcriptase Baltimore 1978 Woese Archaea 1981 Marguilis Origin of eukaryotic cell 1982 Klug Structure of tobacco mosaic virus 1983 McClintock Transporons 1997 Prusiner Prions