Micropara Quiz 1 PDF
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This document provides a comparison of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, describing their features, structures and processes. The information is likely from a textbook or academic notes on microbiology. It covers important concepts like cell structure, genetic material, and reproduction.
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MICROPARA PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES|Stains Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes 1. Gram Stain – differentiates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria....
MICROPARA PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES|Stains Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes 1. Gram Stain – differentiates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. ○ Gram-positive bacteria stain blue or Features Prokaryotes Eukaryotes purple. ○ Gram-negative bacteria stain red or Genetic Not enclosed Enclosed material within a within a pink. membrane; not membrane; ○ General Rule: associated associated All cocci are Gram-positive with histones; with histones; except Neisseria, Veillonella, usually circular usually linear and Branhamella. Size Smaller (1–2 μm Greater than 5 All bacilli are Gram-negative by 1–4 μm or μm in diameter except Corynebacterium, less) Clostridium, Bacillus, and Mycobacterium. Cell type Mostly Mostly unicellular multicellular Acid-Fast Stain is used for bacteria with high lipid Nucleus No true With true content in their cell wall, which cannot be stained nucleus and nucleus using Gram stain. nuclear enclosed by Two methods of acid-fast staining: membrane; nuclear called nucleoid membrane 1. Ziehl-Neelsen Stain (Hot Method) ○ Requires steam bathing after adding Cell wall Simple Complex the primary dye. ○ The primary stain is aqueous and Cell division Budding or Mitosis binary fission needs heat to bind to the cell wall. ○ Acid-fast organisms appear red on a Sexual No meiosis; Meiosis blue background. reproduction transfer of DNA 2. Kinyoun Stain (Cold Method) only ○ Does not require heat after adding the primary stain. Cytoskeleton Absent Present ○ Uses an oil-based primary stain. Mesosome Functions as Absent ○ Acid-fast organisms appear red on a mitochondria green background and Golgi complex Special Stains are used to demonstrate specific bacterial cell structures. Ribosomes 70S; located in 80S; located in cytoplasm membranes Examples of special stains: such as in the endoplasmic reticulum 70S; LAMB Stain (Loeffler Alkaline Methylene Blue) found in – stains metachromatic granules. organelles Hiss Stain – stains the capsule or slime layer. such as Dyer Stain – stains the cell wall. mitochondria or chloroplast Fischer-Conn Stain – stains flagella. Dorner & Schaeffer-Fulton Stains – stain Membrane Absent Present spores. bound India Ink/Nigrosine – stains the capsule of organelles Cryptococcus neoformans. Extrachromoso Present Absent mal plasmid Duration of cell Short (20–60 Long (12–24 cycle minutes) hours) Stains Differential Stains differentiate one group of bacteria from another. Two common types of differential staining:
