Microbiology Quiz: STIs, Infections, and Prevention PDF

### **Ch 20-21 Quiz Hints** 1. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Imbalance in vaginal flora; Due to sex, pregnancy, antibiotics, or douching Symptoms: May be none (seen on pap smear),Burning, itching, foul smell, and discharge DX: pH rise to 5-6 (normal is 3.4), Vaginal culture (can be seen on a pap s...

### **Ch 20-21 Quiz Hints** 1. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Imbalance in vaginal flora; Due to sex, pregnancy, antibiotics, or douching Symptoms: May be none (seen on pap smear),Burning, itching, foul smell, and discharge DX: pH rise to 5-6 (normal is 3.4), Vaginal culture (can be seen on a pap smear) TREATMENT: Oral antibiotics, topical antibiotic, recurrent BV- may need extreme measures like BORIC ACID COMPLICATIONS: Increases risk of other STI, pregnancy loss and preterm birth 2. Vulva-normal skin flora and vaginal flora 3. 4. Group B Strep (S.agalactiae) Affects pregnant women, infants, older adults, and chronically ill adults Primary cause of life-threatening illness and death in newborns. 20-25% pregnant women carry it- only 2% develop an invasive infection Swab test at 35-37 weeks Treatment: IV antibiotics at labor.water breaking(4 hours) Antibiotics for baby too if fast labor 2-3/1000 births a year infected (50% fatal and 25% survivors brain damage-meningitis)- Babies 5. Chlamydia trachomatis- Human only disease 20-40% of gonorrhea infections also have chlamydia 6. Gonorrhea- 2nd most common STI Many resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides NO VACCINE 7. Toxic shock syndrome- can refer to Strp. Pyogenes or Staph aureus. Is usually considered a bloodborne infection Bacteria grows on skin infection or in vagina NO bacteria in blood, toxin only enters bloodstream Toxin is a SUPERANTIGEN that can activate 20% of T-CELLS, CYTOKINE STORM, organ failure PREVENTION- proper tampon use, regulations 8 hour limit (4-6 hours is better!!) Use the lowest absorbency that works Use pads when possible 8. Endometritis- Affects the lining of the uterus and can be caused by a number of different organisms. EX:GBS, E.coli, Ureapalsma, etc Trauma to the lining of the uterus makes it susceptible to microbial attack! Infection in the endometrium of uterus Acute: Post birth, abortion, D&C EX: high fever, pain TREATMENT: Immediate antibiotics Chronic: Low level or asymptomatic, associated with infertility and miscarriage TREATMENT: Doxycycline or other antibiotics, possibly weeks PID- Bacteria from the vagina can travel upward and infect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. PID is a term for any extensive bacterial infection of the pelvic organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. CAN LED TO TISSUE NECROSIS W/ or W?OUT ABSCESS FORMATION CAUSED BY: normally caused by sexually transmitted pathogens, organisms such as Mycoplasma hominis can cause it TREATMENT: Tetracycline and cephalosporin Cervicitis (infection or inflammation of the cervix at the lower end of the uterus) cna cause complications such as PID and can damage the reproductive organs which may lead to infertility. 9. TREATMENT: Penicillin!!! TERTIARY- TREATMENT IS TO LATE, SUPPORTIVE CARE! Primary- Chancre, 10-21 days after Secondary- Rash, fever, malaise, myalgia, 2-10 weeks after in book Latent- Asymptomatic for years Tertiary- Mental symptoms, blindness, heart failure, gumma lesions 10. HIV- well prevented Gonorrhea Syphilis Chlamydia NGU (Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Nongonococcal Urethritis) Chancroid HSV- Condoms only minimally prevent HSV 11. Hep B, HBV- vaccine developed in the 80s for high risk people only (expanded to babies in the 90s), Papillomaviruses/Polyomaviruses- HPV vaccine 12. HIV PREVENTION: Sexual limitation!! Condoms, blood screening, screening and ART for pregnant women, universal precautions and PreP PreP: Pre-exposure prophylaxis EX:Truvada, a daily pill for people at high risk of HIV 90% reduction of transmission in sero-discordant couples PEP: Post-exposure prophylaxis EX: Antiretrovirals taken with 72 hours of exposure; For emergency situations, needlesticks, sexual assault, and condom breakage 13. Neisseria meningitidis- Same bacteria causes meningitis (some people colonized in pharynx), has caused urethritis (infection in the urethra), similar symptoms as gonorrhea, Treatment- Ceftriaxone or other antibiotics (penicilin G, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolone) Shigella flexnari- Shigella and other bacterial and protozoal GI infections on the rise (fecal oral route), Causes a GI infection that has shown to be secually transmitted. Treatment- Antibiotic (ciprofloxacin and azithromycin)- resistance common Mycoplasma genitalium- Found to cause urethritis in men as well as inflammation of the civic and PID in women. Treatment- antibiotics azithromycin and moxifloxacin NOT EMERGING Chancroid- Rare in US, Must distinguish from syphilis (lesions are softer and more painful), MORE COMMON IN MEN, Treatment- Ceftriaxone antibiotics or others Donovanosis- Rare in US, painless ulcers 9-50 days after infection with pigment loss (untreated can lead to extensive tissue damage), Treatment- Antibiotic