Microscope Types & Applications PDF

Microscope nder supervision of Microbiology departmen Faculty of Medicine - Suez  What is a ?Microscope Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within...

Microscope nder supervision of Microbiology departmen Faculty of Medicine - Suez  What is a ?Microscope Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). Types of Microscopes The light microscope. Electron microscopy. Dark-field microscope phase-contrast microscope. Fluorescent microscope  The light-1.microscope  The common light microscope used in the laboratory is called a compound microscope because it contains two types of lenses that function to magnify an object. The lens closest to the eye is called the ocular, while the lens closest to the object is called the objective. Most microscopes have on their base an apparatus called a condenser, which condenses light rays to a strong beam. A diaphragm located on the condenser controls the amount  Applications of Compound Microscope The study of bacteria and viruses is possible with the help of a compound microscope. A compound microscope finds application in forensic laboratories. Total magnification To magnify an object, light is projected through an opening in the stage, where it hits the object and then enters the objective. An image is created, and this image becomes an object for the ocular lens, which magnifies the image. Thus, the total magnification possible with the microscope is the magnification achieved by the objective multiplied by the magnification achieved by the ocular lens. A compound light microscope often contains four objective lenses: the scanning lens (4X), the low-power  The ocular lenses typically magnify images 10 times (10⨯). The total magnification is the product of the ocular magnification times the objective magnification: ocular magnification×objective magnification For example, if a 40⨯ objective lens is selected and the ocular lens is 10⨯, the total magnification would be (40×)(10×)=400×  Simple Microscope  Type of microscope that uses a single lens for the magnification of the sample.  Application of Simple Microscope Most educational institutions such as schools and colleges use a simple microscope in their laboratories. Dermatologists (skin specialists) use simple  Staphylococcus aureus seen cal Bacillus Bacteria light Microscope under light microscope microscope Electron-2 Microscope  An electron microscope is defined as the type of microscope in which the source of illumination is the beam of accelerated electrons. It is a special type of microscope with a high resolution of images as the images can be magnified in nanometers. Viruses and some large molecules can be seen with this instrument.  Scanning electron micrograph An electron microscope image of S.aureus of the Novel Coronavirus Dark-field-3 microscope  Darkfield microscopy can often create high- contrast, high-resolution images of specimens without the use of stains, which is particularly useful for viewing live specimens that might be killed or otherwise compromised by the stains.  For example, thin spirochetes like Treponema pallidum,  Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria ponema Pallidum Dark Field darkfield microscopy Phase-contrast-4 microscopes Phase-contrast microscopes use refraction and interference caused by structures in a specimen to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. Fluorescence-5 Microscopes  A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which are capable of absorbing energy from a light source and then emitting this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances as well as fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. One of the most important applications of fluorescence microscopy is a technique called immunofluorescence, which is used to identify certain disease- causing microbes by observing whether antibodies bind to them. Fluorescence microscopy images of E-coli bacteria  REFERNCES https://openstax.org/books/microbiology /pages/2-3-instruments-of-microscopy https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study- guides/biology/microbiology/ microscopy/types-of-microscopes