Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System PDF

WHAT TO KNOW: What tissues/components makes up the circulatory system? How are the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems connected? What is sepsis? What is is caused by and what are the hallmark symptoms? What is endotoxin shock? Why is antibiotic treatment of Gram- sepsis sometimes...

WHAT TO KNOW: What tissues/components makes up the circulatory system? How are the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems connected? What is sepsis? What is is caused by and what are the hallmark symptoms? What is endotoxin shock? Why is antibiotic treatment of Gram- sepsis sometimes tricky? What gram-positive organisms cause sepsis? What kind of toxin is responsible? What are two common HAIs that are associated with sepsis and do they always lead to sepsis? What is puerperal sepsis/what is it caused by? Which important clinician advocated for hand-washing to limit the occurrence of puerperal fever? What organisms are associated with endocarditis? How do oral streptococci bacteria cause endocarditis? GAS bacterial infections are synonymous with which organism? What conditions do they cause? How do GAS cause endocarditis? Do bacteria actually migrate to the heart? Rheumatic fever is caused by which bacteria? What other conditions are caused by this bacteria? What is gangrene? What organism causes gas gangrene? How does the organism's oxygen requirements contribute to tissue spread? Why is it treated with hyperbaric chambers? Which diseases discussed are spread by infected fleas? What is plague? What is the causative organism? How is it spread? What is a classic sign of bubonic plague? What is Lyme disease? How is it spread? What is the causative organism? What is a tell-tale sign of early infection? What diseases to does Epstein-Barr virus cause? What makes EBV a unique virus? Which diseases are spread by the Aedes species of mosquito? How are they alike? Different? Which can we vaccinate against? How is the immune system responsible for severe dengue? Why did Ebola spread so easily in Sierra Leone in 2014? LECTURE: CH. 23 Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Cardiovascular system: circulates blood through the body’s tissues ○ Includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries ○ Delivers substances to and removes substances from cells Lymphatic system ○ Group or organs and vessels that protect you from infection and helps maintain a healthy balance of fluids in tissues  ○ Lymph fluids filter through lymph nodes before returning to the bloodstream ○ Microbes and infectious agents that are picked up throughout the body are brought to lymph nodes by antigen presenting cells to coordinate next steps of the immune response Together, the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system make up the circulatory system Where does lymph (interstitial fluid) come from? ○ Plasma leaks out of blood capillaries → becomes lymph when collected by lymphatic vessels → traffics to lymph nodes Sepsis and Septic Shock Bacteremia refers to bacteria in the bloodstream ○ Bacteremia in and of itself is not concerning ○ If transient, does not usually cause any symptoms and can clear on its own ○ If left untreated, can lead to sepsis Septicemia ○ Acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood Sepsis is an intense systemic inflammatory response ○ Multi-step process whereby immune system overreacts to an infection damaging normal tissues and organs ○ Blood pressure and organ dysfunction are hallmark symptoms Sepsis exists on a spectrum: sepsis