Radiographic Techniques PDF

Radiographic techniques  Sternum  :BY Ahmed Jasem Abass  MSC of Medical Imaging Anterior oblique – tube angled (Figs 7.33a– 7.33d)  The projection may be performed with the patient prone or erect with the sternum in contact with the image receptor to reduce u...

Radiographic techniques  Sternum  :BY Ahmed Jasem Abass  MSC of Medical Imaging Anterior oblique – tube angled (Figs 7.33a– 7.33d)  The projection may be performed with the patient prone or erect with the sternum in contact with the image receptor to reduce unsharpness. A 24 × 30 cm CR cassette is selected.  Position of patient and image receptor  The patient lies prone on the table or stands or sits facing the vertical Bucky.  The medial sagittal plane should be at right-angles to, and in the midline of the image receptor.  The patient should lie on a trolley, with the thorax resting on the Bucky table.  The cassette is centred at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra.  Direction and location of the X-ray beam  The collimated perpendicular beam is centred at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra.  The central ray is then angled transversely so that the central ray is directed to a point 7.5 cm lateral to the midline. Anterior oblique – tube angled Anterior oblique – tube angled Anterior oblique – trunk rotated  A vertical Bucky is employed a 24 × 30 cm CR cassette is selected. The patient may also be examined prone on the Bucky table.  Position of patient and image receptor  The patient initially sits or stands facing the vertical Bucky or lies prone on the Bucky table with the median sagittal plane at right-angles to, and centred to, the image receptor.  The patient is then rotated approximately 20–30° with the right side raised to adopt the left anterior oblique position, which will ensure that less heart shadow obscures the sternum.  The image receptor is centred at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra. Anterior oblique – trunk rotated  Direction and location of the X-ray beam  The collimated perpendicular beam is directed towards a point 7.5 cm lateral to the 5th thoracic vertebra on the side nearest the X-ray tube. Anterior oblique – trunk rotated Lateral  A vertical Bucky is employed a 24 × 30 cm CR cassette is selected.  Position of patient and image receptor  The patient sits or stands, with either shoulder against a vertical Bucky or cassette stand.  The median sagittal plane of the trunk is adjusted parallel to the image receptor.  The sternum is centred to the image receptor or Bucky.  The patient’s hands are clasped behind the back and the shoulders are pulled well back.  Direction and location of the X-ray beam  The collimated horizontal beam is centred towards a point 2.5 cm below the sternal angle.  Exposure is made on arrested full inspiration. Lateral Radiological considerations  The lateral sternal projection can be confusing to read, especially in elderly patients, who often have heavily calcified costal cartilages.  Sternal fracture, especially when there is overlap of the bone ends, may be associated with fracture of thoracic vertebrae. It is appropriate to image the thoracic spine if this is suspected. Thank You