General Microbiology Lecture 1 PDF - Mansoura National University

Faculty of Health Science Technology Mansoura National University Course name: General Microbiology Course code: HST 110 Theoretical Part: Lecture: 1 Topics: Introduction to Microbiology Typical structure of Bacteria Other components that are present in oth...

Faculty of Health Science Technology Mansoura National University Course name: General Microbiology Course code: HST 110 Theoretical Part: Lecture: 1 Topics: Introduction to Microbiology Typical structure of Bacteria Other components that are present in other living cells but not bacteria Prepared by: Prof. Mohammed Asaad Elmowafy Second semester Contact email: [email protected] 2024/2025  Learning outcomes of lecture 1: Identify the structure of typical bacterial cell. Enumerate different components that are present in bacterial cells Describe the function of each component of the bacterial cell : :  Introduction to Microbiology: Microbiology: It is defined as the study of organisms that are too small to be seen clearly by the naked eye, that is the study of microorganisms e.g. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses. Typical structure of Bacterial cell: Cytoplasm  Typical structure of Bacterial cell: Capsule: Composed of polysaccharides. Protects bacterial cells from immune system or from attack by antibiotics. Flagellum: For movement of bacteria. Pilus: Attachment of bacteria to surface of human cells. Transfer of genetic material from one cell to another. Cell wall: It is a rigid, and porous layer. Composed of polymeric material called murein (peptidoglycan).  Typical structure of Bacterial cell: Cell wall: Function: - It provides the definite shape of the bacteria. - Protects the cell from mechanical damage and lysis. Cell membrane: Composed of lipid bilayer that completely surrounds the cell and separates the inside from the outside. Function: Control movement of substances (Ions, proteins, nutrients) between the cell and the surrounding environment).  Typical structure of Bacterial cell: Cell wall: Function: - It provides the definite shape of the bacteria. - Protects the cell from mechanical damage and lysis. Cell membrane: Composed of lipid bilayer that completely surrounds the cell and separates the inside from the outside. Function: Control movement of substances (Ions, proteins, nutrients) between the cell and the surrounding environment).  Typical structure of Bacterial cell: Cytoplasm: It is the fluid that fills the cells and composed mainly of water and salts. It contains different components of the cell (Components are called organelles). Plays an important role to determine the shape of bacteria. Ribosome: Synthesis of proteins of the cell. DNA or (Chromosome): Carries all the genetic information of the bacterial cell.  Other components (organelles) that are present in other living cells but not bacteria: Mitochondria: Synthesis and storage of energy (ATP) for the cell. Golgi apparatus: Responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids for delivery to targeted destinations. Endoplasmic reticulum: Folding of proteins (Allow proteins to take the functional structure) and transport to Golgi apparatus. Nucleus: Typical nucleus with a membrane.  Typical structure of Bacterial cell: Nucleoid region: It is irregularly-shaped part of a bacterial cell where DNA is present. It lacks the membrane that is found around the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In addition to DNA, the nucleoid may also contain proteins, and enzymes that can be used for cellular processes.  Bacteria, fungi and viruses can not be seen by naked eye. In the structure of bacteria each component has certain function. Examples of parts of bacteria: Capsule, pilus, flagellum, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, DNA Other components (organelles) that are present in other living cells but not bacteria: Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Nucleus  Exercises on Lecture 1: 1- Microbiology is the science that studies ……….. a) Bacteria and Spider b) Ants c) Viruses d) All answers are correct 2- Which of the following components is important to determine the shape of the cell ? a) Cell membrane b) Cell wall c) Cytoplasm d) Both and b and c 3- Which of the following components is responsible for synthesis of proteins in the cell ? a) DNA b) Ribosome c) Cytoplasm d) No answer is correct 4- Which of the following components carry the genetic information in the cell ? a) DNA b) Ribosome c) Cytoplasm d) No answer is correct  Exercises on Lecture 1: 5- Which of the following components controls movement of substances between the cell and the surrounding environment ? a) Cell wall b) Cell membrane c) DNA d) Both a and b 6- Which of the following components is important for synthesis of energy in the cell? a) Mitochondria b) Ribosome c) DNA d) No answer is correct