Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan (1) PDF

C A R A G A STATe U NIVeRSITy Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines URL: www.carsu.edu.ph MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN HENERAL EMILIO AGUINALDO 1  MAGDALO AND MAGDIWANG  The rivalry that existed between the Magdalo and Mag...

C A R A G A STATe U NIVeRSITy Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines URL: www.carsu.edu.ph MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN HENERAL EMILIO AGUINALDO 1  MAGDALO AND MAGDIWANG  The rivalry that existed between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions of the Katipunan in Cavite led to a series of reverses early in January 1897.  To patch up matters, the Magdiwang faction invited Andres Bonifacio to intervene in the conflict.  He was met at Zapote by Emiliio Aguinaldo, Edilberto Evangelista, and a few other leaders who wanted to meet him personally. 2  The Magdalo faction believed that with the outbreak of the revolution, the Katipunan had ceased to be a secret society and should, therefore, be superseded by one more in keeping with the demands of period.  The Magdiwang men, on the other hand, contended that the Katipunan should remain the government of the revolutionists because it already had a Constitution and by-laws recognized by all. 3  TEJEROS CONVENTION  On March 22, 1897, the two factions again met at Tejeros, a barrio of San Francisco de Malabon.  Severino de las Alas, a Magdiwang, took the floor and suggested that the convention assemble should solve the problem of whether a new government should be established to take the place of the Katipunan.  This suggestion led to one heated argument to both camps 4  To resolve the issue, he prudently acceded to the wish of some that a new government be established to replace the Katipunan.  The Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed  Bonifacio reminded the convention that whoever should get elected to any position should be respected 5  Elected were: Emilio Aguinaldo --- President Mariano Trias --- Vice President Artemio Ricarte --- Captain-General Emiliano Riego de Dios --- Director of War Andres Bonifacio --- Director of the Interior 6  When Bonifacio was being proclaimed, Daniel Tirona, a Magdalo, stood up and said: “The position of Director of the Interior is an exalted one and it is not proper that a person without a lawyer’s diploma should occupy it. We have in our province a lawyer, Jose del Rosario!”  Bonifacio was hurt and felt that he was insulted. He left the hall, followed by his men. 7  THE SECOND MEETING AT TEJEROS  Aguinaldo was notified the following day of his Presidency and proceeded to Santa Cruz de Malabon (now Tanza), where he and other elected , with the exception of Bonifacio, took their oath of office.  Bonifacio and his men, numbering forty-five, felt bad about the result. They were convinced that the lection held was invalid. They drew up a document, now called the Acta de Tejeros, in which they gave the reasons for not accepting the results. 8  Bonifacio and his men proceeded to Naik in order to be as far as possible from the Magdalo men who they thought, were responsible for the commission of anomalies during the Tejeros election.  Aguinaldo wanting to bring back Bonifacio to the fold, but Bonifacio refused to return to the revolutionary fold. 9  THE NAIK MILITARY AGREEMENT  At Naik, he and his men drew up another document in which they resolved to establish a government independent of, and separate from, that established at Tejeros.  An army was to be organized “by persuasion of force” and a military commander of their own choice was to take command of it. 10  The Naik Military Agreement came to the knowledge of Aguinaldo and realizing the significance of Bonifacio’s intentions.  He ordered the arrest of the Bonifacio brothers.  A group of soldier under the command of Coronel Agapito Bonzon was dispatched to Limbon to effect the arrest. 11  In the firing that followed, Bonifacio was stabbed in the larnyx, his brother was killed, and his other brother Procopio was wounded.  Bonifacio was placed in a hammock and brought to Naik,  On April 28, Aguinaldo forwarded the Bonifacio case to the Council of War in Order to conduct the necessary trial. 12  Andres and Procopio Bonifacio were found guilty of treason and sedition in spite of the fact that the evidence was not sufficient to prove their alleged guilt.  On May 8, Baldomero Aguinaldo, the Auditor of War, wrote President Aguinaldo recommending approval of the Council of War’s decision, namely, execution of the two brothers. 13  On the same day, May 8, President Aguinaldo commuted the death sentence to banishment.  General Mariano Noriel and Pio del Pilar asked President Aguinaldo to withdraw his order.  They reasoned that with Bonifacio alive the cause of the Revolution would be prejudiced since he would continue to disrupt the unity of the revolutionary forces. 14  Under this pressure, President Aguinaldo withdrew his order. In other words, the original decision of the Council of War stood. On May 10, General Noriel orders Major Lazaro Makapagal to bring out the two brothers from jail. Makapagal was handed a sealed letter with orders to read its contents after reaching Mount Tala. 15  Having reached the mountain, Makapagal, opened the sealed letter. It contained an order to execute Andres and Procopio Bonifacio.  There was a warning that failure to comply would be punished severely.  Makapagal followed the order, Bonifacio’s grace was shallow, the hole having been dug by bayonets. Makapagal placed a few twigs on the grave. 16 THANK YOU! 17  References:  Agoncillo, Teodoro. “History of the Filipino People.” Eight Edition, 2012, pp. 184–187  Emilio Aguinaldo. “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” Manila: National Centennial Commission, 1964. 18