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Polytechnic University of the Philippines

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metaphysics philosophy logic ancient philosophy

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This document is about metaphysics, detailing the fundamental concepts of philosophy, and the types of logic.

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Metaphysics tries to understand the very bottom of things, of Being, Nature of Reality https://narnianfrodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/arisq-act.jpg Virtue Ethics. Published by Gervase Rodgers https://playe...

Metaphysics tries to understand the very bottom of things, of Being, Nature of Reality https://narnianfrodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/arisq-act.jpg Virtue Ethics. Published by Gervase Rodgers https://player.slideplayer.com/101/17408020/slides/slide_2.jpg https://equivalentexchange.blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/causes3.jpg Pythagoras “Number” Plato “Form” Parmenides “Being” Biblical “Word” (Dabar) “NOUS” Anaxagoras Democritus, “ATOM” (Is it a conscious mind?) Thales “water” Anaximenes “air” *God (Elohim) Xenphanes “earth” Heraclitus “fire” Emepdocles “ALL FOUR” Thales had a very specific way or manner of raising the question and conjecturing the ULTIMATE STUFF of the universe, “It’s probably water….” Observation is part of it The body is composed of 80% water Plants need water and sunlight to grow and produce food ¾ of the earth today is water Many living things live in water SYSTEMATIC, RIGOROUS, SCIENTIFIC-EPISTEME Deductive Logic (proven by necessity) Ex. All humans are mortal Socrates is a human Therefore, Socrates is mortal Inductive Logic (strengthened by probability, accompanied by risk of uncertainty) Crow 1 – Black Crow 2 – Black Crow 3 – Black ….Crow 1000 – Black Hence (?) Probably, All crows might be black What, now, of the Final Cause of “Human” or the “Earth”? https://bharatshakti.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Nuclear-war-scaled-1.jpg Anthropocene Syndrome: a complex of environmental degradation, biological annihilation in the form of species losses, non-communicable disease epidemics, climate change, and increasing incivility in public and professional discourse. The symbiocene can transcend these trends. The health of people, place, and planet requires compassion, education by example, civility, and diversity of thought. Image with permission: Susan L. Prescott AAA Watchman Blog https://kzlam36.wordpress.com/2021/05/03/may-3rd-zechariah-53-what-does-the-flying-scroll-say-about-those-who-steal-and-those-who-swear-falsely/ Bro Dumond: 34 ft long 5.5 ft diameter

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