Sharjah Maritime Academy Laboratory Experiment PDF

SHARJAH MARITIME ACADEMY Laboratory Experiment SHARJAH MARITIME ACADEMY Department Marine Engineering Technology Semester Fall 2024/2025 Lecturer Dr. Elavarasi Sasikumar...

SHARJAH MARITIME ACADEMY Laboratory Experiment SHARJAH MARITIME ACADEMY Department Marine Engineering Technology Semester Fall 2024/2025 Lecturer Dr. Elavarasi Sasikumar Course/Code Marine automation and control/ MET425 Time 08:30 – 10:20 Duration 1 hour 50 mins Date 07/10/2024 Grade 4 Room No. 11-04 No. of papers 7 Student Name:……………….………......... Registration number:……………..…..………… Student Signature:……….………...……… LAB assessment experiment 1 Marks Question CLOs Available Actual 1 4 CLO 3 Total 4 Name: Dr. Elavarasi Sasikumar Lecturer Sign: Date: 6  Experiment 1 Closed Loop Control Objectives:  understanding and analyzing the behavior of control systems where the output is fed back into the system to achieve a desired performance.  Learning the basic principles of PID control, including how each component (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) affects system performance. Instruments & Equipment: 1. PCT 100 Theory: Open Loop Control System: is a system in which the output of the system depends on the input, but it does not use feedback to determine if its output has achieved the desired goal of the input. Closed Loop Control System: A closed-loop control system is a type of control system in which the controlling action shows dependency on the generated output of the system (use feedback to control states of the system). 7 PID Controller: A controller is a device that generates, and output based on the input signal. The input signal is actually an error signal which is a difference between measured value and actual value. Proportional-integral-derivative is a controller used to regulate temperature, flow, pressure, speed, and other process variables in industrial control systems. Proportional – sometimes called gain or sensitivity – is a control action reproducing changes in input as changes in output. Integral – is a control action causing the output signal to change over time at a rate proportional to the amount of error. Integral controller action responds to error accumulated over time, ramping the output signal are far as it needs to go to completely eliminate error. Derivative – is a control action causing the output signal to be offset by an amount proportional to the rate at which the input is changing. Derivative controller action responds to how quickly the input changes over time, biasing the output signal commensurate with that rate of input change. 8 Overshoot is the maximum amount by which the response exceeds the final steady state value of the process variable. It is sometimes expressed as a percentage of the final steady state value. Steady state error the final difference between the process variable and set point. Rise Time is the time taken for the response to increase from 10% of its final steady state value to 90% of its final steady state value. Settling Time is the time taken for the response to reach its final steady state value, within some specified tolerance. The diagram above shows the settling time for a 5% tolerance. Periodic Time or Period is the duration of one complete cycle of oscillation. It can, therefore, be measured as the interval between alternate crossings of the final steady state value or the interval between successive peaks or successive troughs on the response curve. Frequency is the reciprocal of the period, i.e. the number of cycles per second which is expressed in Hertz (Hz). Sometimes the frequency is expressed in radians per second and the relationship between the two units is that radians per second equals 2π times the frequency in Hertz. Transport Delay is the period during which there is no change in the process variable after a step change has been made to the set point. 9 Procedure: Close Loop (PID): 1. Open the PCT, select flow control. 2. Set the value of PG to 4 and SP to 1.5. 3. Disable I & D parameters by removing the tick marks. 4. Start measurement and save the graph. 5. From the graph get the below values: (0.75 Mark) Overshooting: Settle time: Steady State Error: 6. Using the PCT-100 software open flow control. Remove the tick against I and D, set SP and PG as in the table below. (0.5 Mark) SP PG Steady State Error 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 10 2 30 2 60 7. What is the effect of increasing PG in term of error, overshooting and oscillation: (0.25 Mark) 10 8. Now keep the PG constant and change the set point according to the below values: (0.5 Mark) SP PG Steady State Error 0.6 1 1 1 1.4 1 1.8 1 2.2 1 2.6 1 3 1 9. What is the effect of changing setpoint? (0.25 Mark) 10. Using the PCT-100 software, remove the tick against I and D, set SP and PG as in the table below. Start a flow loop experiment using only proportional control initially. Replace tick against I and then add in an element of integral action. Take the steady state readings at 30 sec. (0.5 Mark) SP PG I Steady State Error 2 1 999 2 1 100 2 1 50 2 1 10 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 0.5 2 1 0.2 2 1 0.1 11. What is the effect of I parameter in term of error, oscillation, overshooting and the rising time: (0.25 Mark) 11 12. Run another experiment with only SP = 1, PG = 1, then after five seconds set I = 0.2 and after 10 sec add the derivative term with value 1. Stop the water flow and comment on the full graph. (0.5 Mark) 13. Draw the block diagram for close loop and briefly describe the process. (0.5 Mark) 12