Mental Health and Diseases Nursing - Week 15th - Istanbul Gelişim University PDF

# **Mental Health and Diseases Nursing** ## **Istanbul Gelişim University** **Faculty of Health Sciences** - **Website**: https://www.sbf.gelisim.edu.tr - **Phone**: +90 212 422 70 00 - **Email**: [email protected] ## **Course Details** - **Department**: NURSING (ENGLISH) - **Course Code an...

# **Mental Health and Diseases Nursing** ## **Istanbul Gelişim University** **Faculty of Health Sciences** - **Website**: https://www.sbf.gelisim.edu.tr - **Phone**: +90 212 422 70 00 - **Email**: [email protected] ## **Course Details** - **Department**: NURSING (ENGLISH) - **Course Code and Name**: HEY441ET - MENTAL HEALTH AND DISEASES NURSING-T - **Course Week**: Week 15th - **Course Day and Time**: Wendesday-4 hours - **Course Credit**: 4 - **ACTS**: 5 - **Examination Type and Gradings**: Midterm Exam: 50%, Final Exam: 50% - **Instructor's Name & Surname**: Assist. Prof. SUREYYA TURK OGUN - **Instructor's Room**: B block Ground floor, room 027 - **Office Hours**: 10:00-12:00 (Tuesday) - **GBS Link**: https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/ders-detay-17-319-17305-2 - **ALMS Link**: https://lms.gelisim.edu.tr/Account/LoginBefore - **AVESIS Link**: https://avesis.gelisim.edu.tr/suturk ## **14 Weeks' Course Contents** | **Week** | **Topic** | |---|---| | 1st | The Fundamentals of Mental Health And Disease Nursing | | 2nd | General Symptoms Of Mental Illnesses | | 3rd | Psychological Problems In Childhood And Adolescence | | 4th | Personality Disorders And The Nursing Approach | | 5th | Crisis, Stress, Anxiety, And The Nursing Approach | | 6th | Somatoform Disorders And The Nursing Approach | | 7th | Affective Disorders (Also Known As Mood Disorders) And The Nursing Approach | | 8th | EXAM | | 9th | Schizophrenia And Psychotic Disorders, And The Nursing Approach | | 10th | Alcohol And Substance Addiction, And The Nursing Approach | | 11th | Eating Disorders And The Nursing Approach | | 12th | Sexual Dysfunctions And The Nursing Approach | | 13th | Family And Community Mental Health Nursing | | 14th | Consultation Liaison Nursing in The Context Of Mental Health And Disease Nursing | | 15th | Forensic Nursing in The Context Of Mental Health And Disease Nursing | | 16th | FINAL EXAM | ## **Weekly Learning Outcomes** - Students will be able to identify the dual roles of FPNs, specifically balancing care with custody and therapy with security. - Students will be able to explain the unique context of forensic psychiatric nursing, emphasizing the challenges of working with both mentally ill individuals and those involved in the criminal justice system. - Students will be able to identify appropriate communication strategies for use in therapeutic relationships with forensic psychiatric patients. - Students will be able to evaluate the challenges of the therapeutic relationship, considering the dual role of the nurse. - Students will be able to create a strategy to establish therapeutic alliances in the challenging context of forensic settings. - Students will be able to assess the importance of self-awareness in the forensic psychiatric nursing role. ## **Daily Flow** - 09.00-09.50/1st Hour - 10.00-10.50/ 2nd Hour - 11.00-11.50/ 3rd Hour - 12.00-12.50/ 4th Hour ## **Forensic Nursing in The Context Of Mental Health And Disease Nursing** - **Introduction** - **Definition and Scope** - **Responsibilities of Forensic Nurses** - **Types of Cases Handled** - **Interventions in Forensic Nursing** - **Legal and Ethical Considerations** - **Collaboration with Multidisciplinary Teams** - **Challenges in Forensic Nursing** - **Cultural Competence in Forensic Nursing** - **Training and Education for Forensic Nurses** - **Conclusion** ## **Overview of Forensic Nursing** - Forensic psychiatric nursing is a subspecialty of psychiatric nursing focused on providing treatment, care, and rehabilitation to psychiatric patients involved in crimes, while also protecting their rights. - This field addresses the unique intersection of mental health and the legal system. - Forensic nursing deals with individuals who are both mentally ill and may be guilty of crimes, requiring a balance of medical and legal considerations. - The role is complex, involving assessment, intervention, and management of patients with a history of offending behavior. ## **Importance of Forensic Nursing in Mental Health and Legal Contexts** - Forensic psychiatric units address the severe stigmatization effects created by mental disorders and involvement in crime. - Forensic nurses play a critical role in assessing and managing the risk of violence and aggression in secure settings. - They are also responsible for providing a therapeutic environment to facilitate recovery. - Forensic nurses must be aware of the legal rights of their patients, as well as relevant legal proceedings. - They contribute to multidisciplinary teams, collaborating with other professionals to address the complex needs of patients. - The field requires a specific knowledge base that goes beyond general psychiatric nursing, including an understanding of criminology and legal responsibilities. - Forensic nurses are important in bridging the gap between mental health care and the criminal justice system, acting as both medical professionals and legal experts. ## **Role of Nurses in Forensic Settings** - Core responsibilities include providing direct patient care, administering medication, conducting risk assessments, managing violence, and maintaining security. - FPNs monitor patients, provide obligatory hospitalization, and carry out forced treatment when needed. - They must manage the challenges of working in secure environments, including issues of trust, fear, and potential for transference and countertransference in therapeutic relationships. - Nurses in forensic settings must be able to balance therapeutic and custodial roles. They have to find a balance between the needs of the patient and maintaining a secure environment. - They are expected to be flexible and adopt leadership roles when providing care, meeting social needs of the guilty, victims and their families. - Forensic nurses are expected to have skills in areas like therapeutic communication, violence management, and risk assessment. - The role includes creating therapeutic environments, conducting psychiatric assessments, and implementing therapeutic initiatives. - They need to be able to develop care plans, administer treatments, and manage emergencies. - A key aspect of the role is establishing and maintaining therapeutic relationships with patients, while also maintaining professional boundaries. - Nurses need to be aware of and address issues like substance abuse and physical health problems that are common in this patient population. - Their roles may vary depending on the level of security of the facility. Nurses in high-security settings often have more legal roles, while those in low to medium-security settings have more medical roles. - The role also extends to guiding and supporting new nurses and student nurses, and providing support to colleagues. - They are responsible for documenting and organizing information and for submitting records to the courts when needed. - Forensic nurses must have well developed communication skills. - They should also advocate for their patients and respect their rights. ## **Definition of Forensic Nursing** - Forensic psychiatric nursing is a specialized field within psychiatric nursing that focuses on providing care, treatment, and rehabilitation to individuals with mental health disorders who are also involved in the legal or criminal justice system. - It is a subspecialty that addresses the unique intersection of mental health and law, requiring nurses to have expertise in both areas. - Forensic nurses work with patients who may have committed crimes, requiring them to balance medical and legal considerations. - The field aims to protect the rights of patients while ensuring public safety. - The core of forensic nursing involves providing a therapeutic environment while managing the security needs of a secure setting. ## **Scope of Practice: Linking Mental Health with Legal and Criminal Justice Systems** - Forensic nurses act as a bridge between the mental health system and the legal/criminal justice system. - Their scope of practice includes a wide range of activities: - Providing direct patient care, administering medication, and monitoring patients' physical and mental health. - Conducting risk assessments, particularly for violence and aggression, and implementing strategies to manage these risks. - Developing and implementing care plans in collaboration with multidisciplinary teams. - Establishing and maintaining therapeutic relationships with patients while also ensuring security. - Balancing the dual roles of providing care and maintaining security, which can lead to ethical dilemmas and role conflicts. - Understanding and applying legal regulations and patient rights. - Managing emergencies and addressing issues such as substance abuse and self-harm. - Providing support to patients' families and relatives. - Guiding and supporting new nurses and students in forensic settings. - Documenting patient information and, when necessary, providing records to the court. - The practice of forensic nursing is multidimensional, spanning the paradigms of health and justice. It involves a synthesis of knowledge from medical, criminological, social, and behavioral sciences. - The scope of practice also includes advocacy for patients and promoting their rights within the legal framework. - Forensic nurses may also work in court settings, providing expert testimony. - They are involved in monitoring legal proceedings that affect patients. - They are expected to be aware of and respond to the social needs of victims and their families in mental health areas. - The scope of practice includes working with the guilty and victims of crime. - A significant part of the role is to promote a recovery model of care while ensuring patient safety. ## **Historical Development and Evolution of Forensic Nursing** - The field of forensic psychiatric nursing has evolved over time to address the specific needs of mentally ill offenders. - The title 'forensic' was adopted in the 1990s in some countries to distinguish this specialty from general psychiatric nursing. - Historically, forensic mental health services may have been custodial in nature. Over time, the focus has shifted towards a recovery model of care. - Early in the development of forensic nursing, there was a lack of clear role definitions and a focus on security and task-oriented care. This led to role confusion. - The introduction of psychiatric nurses into secure facilities has been incremental, with an initial focus on basic nursing practices to evolving into a specialized role. - The development of the field has involved borrowing mini-theories from mainstream psychiatric nursing, but this has been complicated by the emphasis of the 'justice paradigm'. - The use of competency frameworks has been introduced as a way of describing the role of FPNs, which has been widely supported in various countries. - Developments in mental health legislation have expanded the scope of practice for forensic nurses. - The need for specialist skills and knowledge in areas such as risk assessment, violence management, and addressing offending behavior has led to the professionalization of this field. - There has been increasing recognition of the need for ongoing education and professional development, as well as clinical supervision. - The field has seen a move from a custodial approach to an approach that prioritizes recovery, human rights, and therapeutic interventions. - Ongoing efforts are being made to establish clear standards and guidelines for forensic nursing practice to ensure quality of care and consistent application of best practices. - Research has played a crucial role in understanding the specific challenges faced by FPNs and informing the evolution of the field. ## **Responsibilities of Forensic Nurses** ### **1- Assessment of Mental Health and Legal Issues** - Forensic nurses are responsible for assessing the mental health needs of patients who are involved in the legal system. This includes evaluating their overall mental state, identifying any specific mental disorders, and assessing the risk of violence or self-harm. - They also need to understand the legal context of their patients' situations, including their rights, legal proceedings, and any relevant legal regulations. This involves balancing the medical and legal aspects of patient care. - A key part of their role is to conduct risk assessments, particularly regarding violence and aggression, in order to ensure the safety of both patients and staff. - Forensic nurses conduct specialized assessments of patients' needs, and the results of these assessments inform care planning. - They must be able to identify potential legal issues, such as capacity and insanity, which influence how care is provided. - They assess not just mental health, but also physical health, substance abuse and other factors. ### **2- Providing Expert Testimony and Consultation in Legal Cases:** - Forensic nurses may be called upon to provide expert testimony in court cases. This involves presenting their professional opinions and assessments of patients' mental health and behavior in a clear and objective manner. - They may also consult with legal professionals, offering their expertise to help inform legal decisions related to their patients. - The nurses are responsible for documenting and organizing information and for submitting records to the courts when needed. - They need to be able to communicate effectively with both healthcare and legal professionals, bridging the gap between these two fields. ### **3- Advocacy for Victims and Survivors of Crime:** - Forensic nurses have a role in advocating for the rights of patients who have been victims of crime. - This can include patients who have been abused or neglected as children, victims of sexual assault, or others impacted by violence. - **They must ensure that victims receive appropriate mental health support and that their rights are respected within the legal system.** - **They work with both the guilty and the victims of crime.** - **They are expected to be aware of and respond to the social needs of victims and their families.** ## **Types of Cases Handled** ### **Assessing Mental Competency:** - Forensic nurses assess the mental competency of individuals involved in legal proceedings to determine if they are capable of understanding the legal process and making informed decisions. - This assessment is important in determining an individual's ability to participate in court hearings and other legal procedures. ### **Providing Crisis Intervention in Legal Settings:** - Forensic nurses are trained to provide crisis intervention in legal settings, such as prisons and courtrooms, where individuals may be experiencing acute mental health issues. - They must be able to manage situations involving a high risk of violence or self-harm and de-escalate conflicts that arise. ### **Addressing Trauma and PTSD in Victims of Violence:** - Forensic nurses play a vital role in addressing the psychological impact of trauma and PTSD in victims of violence. They can provide therapeutic interventions to help individuals cope with their experiences and promote their recovery. - These interventions can include counseling, support groups, and other evidence-based practices. - They work with the patient to identify behavioral boundaries, develop control, and manage offending behavior. - They also help patients address issues that affect their health and well-being. ## **Additional Points** - **Balancing Care and Custody:** Forensic nurses must balance their therapeutic roles with the need to maintain a secure environment. This can create ethical dilemmas, as they must provide care while also managing risk and security. - **Therapeutic Environment:** Creating a therapeutic environment is a key responsibility that supports the recovery of patients, and where they feel safe. - **Multidisciplinary Collaboration:** Forensic nurses are an important member of a multidisciplinary team that work together to meet the complex needs of patients. - **Continuing Education:** Due to the complex nature of their work, forensic nurses are expected to engage in ongoing professional development to enhance their skills and knowledge. ## **Interventions in Forensic Nursing** ### **1- Conducting Forensic Examinations:** - Forensic nurses are trained to conduct specialized forensic examinations, such as sexual assault forensic exams, which require specific skills and knowledge to collect and document evidence while providing care to the patient. - These exams are crucial for gathering evidence that may be used in legal proceedings, while also addressing the immediate physical and emotional needs of the patient. - The nurses' role in these examinations involves a combination of clinical care, sensitivity, and meticulous documentation. ### **2- Documenting Evidence and Chain of Custody:** - A critical aspect of forensic nursing is the accurate and thorough documentation of all findings, evidence, and interactions with patients. - Forensic nurses must adhere to strict protocols for maintaining the chain of custody of evidence, which ensures that it is admissible in court. - This documentation may include detailed written notes, photographs, and other forms of evidence, all of which must be handled carefully and professionally. - The documentation is important for legal proceedings, and also as part of care planning and clinical record keeping. ### **3- Collaborating with Law Enforcement and Legal Professionals:** - Forensic nurses regularly collaborate with law enforcement agencies, legal professionals, and other members of the justice system, sharing information and findings while adhering to ethical guidelines and patient confidentiality. - This collaboration is essential to ensure that both the medical and legal aspects of a case are handled effectively. - They may provide expert testimony, consult with legal professionals, and share their expertise as part of court proceedings. ## **Legal and Ethical Considerations:** ### **1- Confidentiality and Privacy Issues:** - Forensic nurses must navigate complex confidentiality and privacy issues when working in forensic settings due to the sensitive nature of the information they handle and the legal implications of their work. - They have a duty to maintain patient confidentiality while also adhering to legal requirements, which may involve disclosing information in certain circumstances, such as when there is a risk of harm to the patient or others. - They need to be aware of the legal and ethical parameters surrounding the sharing of patient information. ### **2- Informed Consent and Capacity Assessments:** - Forensic nurses are involved in obtaining informed consent from patients for medical procedures and examinations, ensuring that patients have the capacity to understand the nature of the procedures and the implications of their choices. - They must assess the patient's ability to make decisions for themselves, especially in situations where their mental state may be impaired. - If a patient is unable to provide informed consent, they must work within legal and ethical frameworks to ensure the patient's best interests are met. ### **3- Role in Safeguarding Patient Rights and Legal Protections:** - A core responsibility of forensic nurses is to safeguard the rights and legal protections of patients in forensic settings. - This includes ensuring that patients are treated with dignity, respect, and that they are not discriminated against due to their mental health status or involvement in the legal system. - They act as advocates for their patients, ensuring that their rights are upheld throughout their interactions with the health and justice systems. - Forensic nurses also have to ensure their patients are aware of legal proceedings and how these affect them. ## **Collaboration with Multidisciplinary Teams** ### **1- Working with Forensic Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Social Workers:** - Forensic nurses work closely with psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers as part of a multidisciplinary team, coordinating care and treatment to address a patient's diverse needs. - This team approach is vital to ensure comprehensive care and effective management of complex cases. - The nurses share their observations, assessments, and recommendations with team members to contribute to a unified approach to patient care. ### **2- Collaboration with Victim Advocates and Legal Counsel:** - Forensic nurses collaborate with victim advocates and legal counsel to provide comprehensive support to victims of crime, ensuring that they have access to appropriate services, resources, and legal protections. - This collaborative approach also helps to coordinate patient care while ensuring that their legal rights are protected. ### **3- Role in Developing Comprehensive Care Plans:** - Forensic nurses play a key role in developing comprehensive care plans that address the individual needs of patients in forensic settings. These plans may include medical treatment, mental health services, rehabilitation programs, and legal support. - These care plans are developed in collaboration with the multidisciplinary team, the patient, and their family, where appropriate. - Forensic nurses are involved in implementing the care plan, monitoring its effectiveness, and making adjustments as necessary. ## **Additional Points** - **Ethical Dilemmas:** Forensic nurses frequently face ethical dilemmas due to the complex intersection of medical, legal, and ethical considerations in their work. Balancing care and custody can lead to role conflicts. - **Specialized Knowledge:** Forensic nurses require specialized knowledge in both psychiatric nursing and legal procedures. - **Continuing Education:** They must keep up-to-date with best practices, current legislation, and new research findings to enhance their practice. - **Holistic Care:** Forensic nurses provide holistic care that looks at the mental, physical, social, and legal aspects of a patient's case. - **Therapeutic Relationships:** Establishing therapeutic relationships is critical for effective intervention, while ensuring personal safety and boundaries. ## **Challenges in Forensic Nursing** ### **1- Addressing Trauma and Emotional Impact on Nurses:** - Forensic nurses frequently encounter traumatic situations and deal with both victims and offenders, which can take a significant emotional toll. - The work can lead to stress, burnout, and secondary trauma. - The sources suggest that the combination of mental health issues and criminal behavior among patients can create a difficult environment. - Nurses in forensic settings may have to deal with patients who have committed serious crimes, such as murder, sexual abuse or child abuse which can cause emotional strain. - The need to maintain professional boundaries while also providing care and empathy can create role conflicts and emotional challenges. ### **2- Managing Ethical Dilemmas and Conflicts of Interest:** - Forensic nurses often face complex ethical dilemmas due to the intersection of medical, legal, and ethical considerations. - Balancing care and custody can create role conflicts, as they must provide therapeutic care while also ensuring security and legal compliance. - The dual role of a forensic nurse, acting as both a healthcare provider and a potential witness or source of evidence, can lead to conflicts of interest. - Maintaining patient confidentiality while also fulfilling legal obligations can be a significant challenge. - Nurses may experience difficulty in situations where their personal values conflict with their professional duties, particularly when dealing with patients that have committed serious crimes. ### **3- Balancing Medical and Legal Priorities:** - Forensic nurses must navigate the tension between medical care and legal procedures, where the focus on treatment may be at odds with the need for security and evidence collection. - They must have a deep understanding of both medical and legal standards. - Nurses in high security hospitals may emphasize legal roles more, while those in medium and low security facilities tend to focus on medical roles, highlighting the influence of environment on role perception. - Forensic nurses must prioritize the immediate health needs of patients while also adhering to legal and security requirements, which may necessitate specialized assessments and interventions. - They must also be aware of legal proceedings that affect their patients and provide relevant information when required. ## **Cultural Competence in Forensic Nursing** ### **1- Understanding Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Legal Settings:** - Forensic nurses must be culturally competent to provide effective care to diverse populations, as legal settings often involve people from various cultural and linguistic backgrounds. - This includes understanding how cultural beliefs, practices and language can influence patient behavior, health practices, and communication. - They need to be aware of potential biases or stereotypes that may impact their assessment and care of patients from different cultural backgrounds. ### **2- Providing Culturally-Sensitive Care for Victims and Offenders:** - Cultural competence is essential for providing appropriate and respectful care to both victims and offenders from diverse cultural backgrounds. - Nurses must be sensitive to the unique needs and experiences of individuals from different cultural groups, including differences in communication, family dynamics, and health beliefs. - Culturally sensitive care involves adapting interventions and approaches to align with the cultural values and preferences of patients. ### **3- Collaboration with Interpreters and Cultural Brokers:** - Forensic nurses must work effectively with interpreters and cultural brokers to overcome linguistic and cultural barriers, ensuring effective communication with patients who do not speak the same language or come from a different cultural background. - Interpreters and cultural brokers can help bridge communication gaps, increase the accuracy of information, and prevent cultural misunderstandings that can impede effective care. - Forensic nurses must work collaboratively with interpreters and cultural brokers to create a safe environment that promotes trust and understanding. ## **Training and Education for Forensic Nurses** ### **1- Specialized Training Requirements:** - Forensic nurses require specialized training beyond general psychiatric nursing education to develop expertise in areas like forensic examination, legal procedures, and risk assessment. - Specific certifications in forensic nursing are available, indicating a commitment to specialized knowledge and skills. - The sources suggest that FPNs need specific skills for violence management, risk assessment, and therapeutic communication that are different from other nursing specializations. ### **2- Continuing Education and Professional Development:** - Ongoing education is crucial for forensic nurses to remain up to date on best practices, current legislation, and new research findings. - Continuing professional development is important in areas like mental health and substance abuse. - The need for formal clinical supervision and training was emphasized as a way to develop competence and ensure safe practices. ### **3- Role of Simulation and Practical Experience:** - Simulation and practical experiences in clinical settings are beneficial for training forensic nurses, as these methods allow them to apply knowledge and skills in a safe and controlled environment. - Simulation can help develop skills in violence management, risk assessment, and other practical aspects of forensic nursing. - Practical experience in forensic settings helps new nurses adapt to the challenges and complexities of the work. - Clinical placements, combined with ongoing professional development, are important to create competent and effective FPNs. ## **Summary of Key Points** - Forensic psychiatric nursing is a specialized field within psychiatric nursing that focuses on the treatment, care, and rehabilitation of patients who have been involved in crimes, while also protecting their rights. - FPNs face unique challenges due to the dual nature of their role, which combines medical care with legal and security responsibilities. These challenges include: - Emotional impact and trauma from working with both victims and offenders and exposure to traumatic events. - Ethical dilemmas and conflicts of interest due to the complex interplay between medical, legal, and ethical considerations. - The need to balance medical priorities with legal requirements, which may at times be contradictory. - The roles and responsibilities of FPNs are not yet standardized and there are differences across countries and even within different security levels. - FPNs need a diverse skill set that goes beyond general psychiatric nursing, including skills in mental assessment, violence management, medication administration, and legal and medical balancing. - Cultural competence is crucial for FPNs to provide effective care to diverse populations in legal settings. This includes: - Understanding cultural and linguistic diversity. - Providing culturally sensitive care for both victims and offenders. - Collaborating with interpreters and cultural brokers to ensure effective communication. - Specialized training and continuing education are essential for FPNs to develop the necessary expertise in forensic nursing. This includes: - Specific training requirements and certifications. - Ongoing professional development to stay updated on best practices. - The use of simulation and practical experience for skill development. - FPNs work with a challenging patient group that includes people with mental disorders, those who have committed crimes, and victims of crime. - FPNs must be aware of legal proceedings that affect their patients and be able to provide relevant information when required. ## **Importance of Forensic Nursing in Ensuring Justice and Health** - FPNs are crucial for providing holistic care to patients in forensic settings, addressing both their mental and physical health needs. This holistic approach also includes awareness of substance abuse issues and ensuring access to health promoting education. - They play a critical role in creating therapeutic and secure environments where patients can receive treatment and rehabilitation. - FPNs contribute to the safety and well-being of patients, staff, and the community by assessing and managing risk, preventing violence, and ensuring adherence to legal and ethical standards. - They act as a bridge between the medical and legal systems, balancing the need for treatment with the requirements of the justice system. - FPNs advocate for the rights of patients within the legal framework and ensure they receive appropriate and equitable care. - By providing specialized care and support, FPNs contribute to the rehabilitation and reintegration of patients back into the community. - The work of FPNs leads to improved patient outcomes, enhancing both their health and their ability to participate in the legal processes that affect their lives. - Defining the roles and responsibilities of FPNs is crucial for improving the quality of care for patients. - Further research and development of evidence-based practices are essential for advancing the field of forensic psychiatric nursing. ## **References** - Dikeç, G., Baysan Arabacı, L., & Taş, G. (2017). The Roles and Responsibility of Forensic Psychiatric Nurses: A Systematic Review Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(3), 157-164. - Timmons, D. (2010). Forensic psychiatric nursing: a description of the role of the psychiatric nurse in a high secure psychiatric facility in Ireland. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17(7), 636-646 ## **Course Presentation Confidentiality** Since this course presentation is private, using the texts and images contained herein on social media or else without permission from the course instructor is against the regulations **Law No. 6698**. ## **Thank You for Attending** This presentation was provided by the **Faculty of Health Sciences** at **Istanbul Gelişim University**. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or feedback.