Monograph On Selected Medicinal Plants PDF

Monograph on selected medicinal plants  Herbal Monograph an accumulation of botanical, chemical and Each monograph follows a standard pharmacological information of the format with information and followed medicinal plants used in Egypt. by a ref...

Monograph on selected medicinal plants  Herbal Monograph an accumulation of botanical, chemical and Each monograph follows a standard pharmacological information of the format with information and followed medicinal plants used in Egypt. by a reference list.  Herbal Monograph The purpose of the monographs is to: Provide scientific information on the safety, efficacy, and quality control/ quality assurance of widely used medicinal plants, in order to facilitate their appropriate use Provide models to assist in developing our own monographs or formularies for these or other herbal medicines; Facilitate information exchange Each monograph contains two parts: The first part consists of pharmacopoeial summaries for quality assurance: botanical features, distribution, identity tests, purity requirements, chemical assays, and active or major chemical constituents. The second part summarizes clinical applications, pharmacology, contraindications, warnings, precautions, potential adverse reactions, and posology.  Egyptian Herbal Monograph Represents our nation's best chance at conserving our medicinal plants through the wise use of our unique biodiversity resources in the pharmaceutical industry. The wild medicinal plants that grow in Egyptian phytogeographical regions can be cultivated in new reclaimed lands with the least harmful ecological impacts.  Special warnings and Names and synonyms. precautions for use. Each Interactions with other Parts used for medicinal monograph purposes. medicinal products, or other forms of interaction, contains all the Effects on fertility, Major chemical available constituents. pregnancy, lactation, ability to drive, or using machines. information Medicinal uses Undesirable effects, and (indications). and scientific overdose. results on the Herbal preparations correlated to the medicinal Relevant biological activities selected use. Posology and method of species include administration correlated to Any additional information. medicinal use. the following: Contraindications.  Economic improvement Benefits of 1. Filling a gap in the domestic needs of folk medicine and the pharmaceutical industries. cultivation 2. Potential products for exports, especially Pharmacopieal drug of wild plants. 3. Creation of small industries in medicinal cutting, drying, extraction, packing, etc. plants 4. Providing cash income for include settlers in newly reclaimed land and desert areas.  Sustainable development Benefits of 1. Cultivation of wild plants doesn’t introduce new weeds the or pests to the ecosystem. cultivation 2. Wild plants do not need pesticides use under their of wild natural habitat conditions. 3. Minimal ecological medicinal consequences for the agro- ecosystem plants 4. Minimal degradation, include salinization, soil erosion, water logging, etc. Benefits of Conservation of water the 1. Desert plants have low water consumption. cultivation 2. Use of seepage water along of wild the margins of the farms and irrigation canals. medicinal 3. The unavailability tolerance of exogenous water supply for plants reasonable periods. include Leaf for GIT Cynarae Rosmarini Folium Cynarae ‫الخرشوف‬  Major chemical constituents 6% phenolic acids, including caffeic acid derivatives 5% sesquiterpene lactones, with cynaropicrin being the primary component  ‫صديق الجهاز الهضمى وعدو السرطان‬ Medicinal uses supported by clinical data Treatment of digestive complaints (e.g. dyspepsia, feeling of fullness, flatulence, nausea, stomach ache and vomiting) Adjunct treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia Dosage forms Crude drug, extracts and other preparations for internal use. Folium Rosmarini Major chemical constituents Up to 2.5% of essential oil, the chief constituents of which are camphor (5–21%), 1,8-cineole (15–55%), α-pinene (9–26%), borneol (1.5–5.0%) Uses described in pharmacopoeias: Used orally for the treatment of dyspeptic complaints. external applications for supportive management of rheumatic complaints and circulatory disorders Adverse reactions Inhalation can occasionally cause irritation and very rarely laryngospasm Contraindications Rosmarini should not be used in patients suffering from bronchial asthma or bronchitis or on damaged skin, such as in cases of burns, lesions or skin rashes. Dosage forms Essential oil for oral and external use and aromatherapy Leaf for respiratory system Guavae Eucalypti Folium Guavae Major chemical constituents New leaves contain the flavonols quercetin, guajaverin Several triterpene acids are present, including ursolic and oleanolic acids The leaf oil contains several mono- and sesqui- terpenes, among which 1,8-cineol and α-pinene Medicinal uses supported by clinical data Oral treatment of acute diarrhea, gingivitis and rotaviral enteritis Uses described in traditional medicine Cough Abdominal pain and gastritis Ringworm. Bleeding gums Adverse reactions One report of allergic dermatitis has been recorded after external application. Dosage forms Crude drug, decoctions, extracts and teas  Folium Eucalypti Major chemical constituents Dried leaves contain 1-3% (v/w) essential oil (fresh leaves contain 0.4-1.6%), the major constituent of which is 1,8-cineole (54-95%). In addition, there are moderate amounts of other monoterpenes Uses described in pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine As an expectorant for symptomatic treatment of mild respiratory tract inflammation and bronchitis. Also for symptomatic treatment of asthma, fever and inflammation of the throat Contraindications Adverse reactions Preparations of Folium Eucalypti should not be Excessive ingestion of Folium administered internally to children or patients with Eucalypti can cause nausea, inflammation of the vomiting, and diarrhea. gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder disease or impaired Several cases of urticaria, liver function contact dermatitis and skin irritation have been reported after therapeutic doses Leaf for cerebral circulation Ginkgo Folium Ginkgo Major chemical Uses supported by clinical data constituents Extracts as described above (Dosage The major constituents are forms) have been used for symptomatic flavonoids treatment of mild to moderate Characteristic cerebrovascular insufficiency (dementia constituents of this syndromes in primary degenerative plant material are the unique dementia (Alzheimer's disease), vascular diterpene lactones dementia (loss of brain function due to a ginkgolides A, B, series of small strokes), and mixed forms C, J, and M and the sesquiterpene of both) lactone bilobalide Adverse reactions Headaches, gastrointestinal disturbances, and allergic skin reactions are possible adverse effects Dosage forms Standardized extracts. Coated tablets and solution for oral administration are prepared from standardized purified extracts Leaf for Skin disease Neem leaves Hamamelis Folium Azadirachti Major chemical constituents The major characteristic constituents are oxidized tetranor-triterpenes including (azadirachtin A), (azadirachtin B), (azadirachtin D), (azadirachtin H), (azadirachtin I). Medicinal uses Uses supported by clinical data External applications for treatment of ringworm (Ringworm is a common skin infection that is caused by a fungus)  Adverse reactions A case of ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest due to neem leaf poisoning has been reported. Contact dermatitis has also been reported Contraindications Owing to potential genotoxic effects, the leaves should not be administered during pregnancy or nursing, or to children under the age of 12 years. Dosage forms Dried leaves for infusions and decoctions, and extracts and tinctures  Folium Hamamelis Major chemical constituents The major constituents of the dried leaf and bark are tannins (up to 10%). Both hydrolysable and condensed tannins are present, with the latter predominating. Uses supported by clinical data Topically for local inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes, hemorrhoids and varicose veins Uses described in pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine Topically as a hemostat (control bleeding) Adverse reactions Allergic contact dermatitis may occur in sensitive individuals Dosage forms Dried leaves and bark for decoctions; steam distillate, ointment and suppositories