Hospital Departments PDF

# Hospital departments ## **Reading** - **Dr. Silver's department performs organ transplants.** (F) - **Dr. Howard's and Dr. Locke's departments work with all other hospital departments.** (F) - **The pharmacy is closed on Sundays.** (F) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **pediatrics** - E the hospital depar...

# Hospital departments ## **Reading** - **Dr. Silver's department performs organ transplants.** (F) - **Dr. Howard's and Dr. Locke's departments work with all other hospital departments.** (F) - **The pharmacy is closed on Sundays.** (F) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **pediatrics** - E the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of children 2. **cardiology** - A the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of the heart and heart diseases 3. **orthopedics** - D the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of bones and muscles 4. **dermatology** - C the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of the skin and skin diseases 5. **obstetrics** - B the hospital department that treats women and unborn children during pregnancy ## **Fill in the blanks** 1. Please take this sample to **pharmacy** for testing. 2. An ambulance brought the patient to the **emergency** room. 3. Could you get the X-rays from **radiology**? 4. The **pharmacist** on the first floor should have the medicine you need. 5. Take this patient to **surgery** for her transplant.. # Hospital staff ## **Reading** - **A patient having heart surgery will visit Dr. Sartin and Dr. Greenwich.** (T) - **Dr. Harold is best qualified to examine a sick four-year-old.** (T) - **Pregnant women meet their doctor on the second floor.** (F) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **lab technician** - C a medical professional who works with samples in a laboratory 2. **anesthesiologist** - B a doctor who renders patients unconscious or prevents them from feeling pain 3. **general practitioner** - A a doctor who provides many kinds of care to adults and children 4. **nurse** - D a medical professional who helps a doctor and cares for patients 5. **pharmacist** - E a person who fills prescriptions and gives medicine # Hospital equipment ## **Reading** - **The storage room cannot hold large items like pressure mattresses.** (F) - **Oxygen tanks are stored in patient rooms.** (F) - **Syringes should be disposed of in a biohazard waste container.** (T) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **syringe** - C a device used for injecting liquids into the body 2. **sharps container** - C a box for the storage and disposal of dangerous medical waste 3. **biohazard waste container** - E a box for the storage and disposal of dangerous medical waste 4. **gown** - A a cotton fabric used to cover wounds or surgical incisions 5. **gauze** - D a device used for injecting liquids into the body # Parts of the body 1 ## **Vocabulary** 1. **hip** - C the part of the upper leg that projects slightly outward 2. **finger** - E one of the extensions from the hand 3. **elbow** - F the joint between the upper and lower arm 4. **arm** - B the long extension from the upper body between the shoulder and wrist 5. **wrist** - A the part of the forearm that attaches to the hand 6. **leg** - D the long extension from the lower body between the hip and foot # Parts of the body 2 ## **Reading** - **Why is the patient at the hospital?** C He was injured in a car accident. - **Which of the following is NOT injured?** D torso - **Where does the man have a deep cut?** D back ## **Vocabulary** 1. **shoulder blade** - G upper back bone that connects to the shoulders 2. **abdomen** - C part of the body that contains the digestive organs 3. **waist** - D lower portion of the back 4. **torso** - H area between the ribs and the pelvis 5. **neck** - F part of the body that allows the head to turn and connects the head to the torso 6. **groin** - B area between the legs 7. **chest** - A the upper front part of the torso 8. **small** - E part of the body that contains the digestive organs # Parts of the body 3 ## **Reading** - **What is the purpose of the document?** D to describe how the patient's injuries have healed - **The patient has injuries in all of the following areas except** C her head. - **Which body parts are bruised?** A eyebrow and jaw ## **Vocabulary** 1. **lips** - D the fleshy part of the face on either side of the nose 2. **face** - C the body part that contains the brain and skull 3. **forehead** - B the part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline 4. **cheek** - F the fleshy part of the face on either side of the nose 5. **head** - C the body part that contains the brain and skull 6. **ears** - A the organs that detect sound 7. **eyes** - G the organs that detect sight # Respiratory system ## **Reading** - **What is the main topic of the passage?** B defining two types of respiratory illnesses - **Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?** D excessive oxygen entering the blood - **When do alveoli lose their shape in a person with emphysema?** B when the person inhales ## **Vocabulary** 1. Air passes into the lungs from the trachea through the **bronchial tubes**. 2. Sam's **asthma** makes him cough and wheeze. 3. Emphysema makes it difficult to **exhale**. 4. The **lungs** are the main organs of the respiratory system. 5. **Oxygen** is a naturally occurring gas essential to human survival. # Circulatory system ## **Reading** - **Blood travels through the aorta to the lungs.** (F) - **Oxygen leaves blood through capillaries.** (T) - **The vena cava is the largest artery in the body.** (F) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **pulmonary** - D having to do with the lungs 2. **valve** - E a flap in a bodily system that allows passage of material in one direction but prevents passage in the other direction 3. **vein** - C a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart 4. **artery** - A a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart 5. **capillary** - B the smallest kind of blood vessel in the body # Digestive system ## **Reading** - **What does the man write to the doctor about?** C He has increasing stomach pain. - **Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of the problem?** B appendicitis - **Why does the doctor say pain in the stomach should be taken seriously?** B The pain could have several causes. ## **Vocabulary** 1. **appendicitis** - B a condition where the appendix becomes inflamed 2. **colonoscopy** - D a medical procedure which examines the inside of the colon 3. **esophagus** - A a pouch-like organ between the esophagus and small intestine 4. **stomach** - E a system of organs which processes food, nutrients, and waste 5. **digestive system** - E a system of organs which processes food, nutrients, and waste # First aid ## **Reading** - **Bleeding wounds should be wrapped with a bandage.** (T) - **Use running water to cool burns.** (T) - **Rescue breathing can clear a victim's airway.** (T) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **shock** - F a physical injury that can be caused by heat 2. **burn** - F a physical injury that can be caused by heat 3. **pulse** - A a normal, regular heartbeat that can be felt when aan artery is presse 4. **rescue breathing** - E a first aid procedure involving providing air for someone who has stopped breathing, but still has a heartbeat 5. **laceration** - C an open injury caused by a hard impact to soft body tissue 6. **CPR** - B a first aid procedure involving chest compression and artificial breathing # Common abbreviations ## **Reading** - **The patient shows signs of acute lung disease.** (F) - **The doctor doubts that the patient has HTN.** (F) - **The patient complains of high anxiety.** (T) ## **Vocabulary** 1. **HR** - E the number of heartbeats in a given amount of time 2. **BP** - D the amount of force applied on blood vessel walls by circulating blood 3. **Dx** - C the identification of an illness or disease 4. **T** - B the amount of internal body heat measured 5. **c/o** - A to describe uncomfortable symptoms 6. **WNL** - F to be at an average level 7. **o/e** - G discovered while investigating a patient's health # Measurements ## **Reading** - **What is the purpose of the medication list?** D to explain what medications treat different illnesses - **Which of the following patients does NOT get multiple medications?** C D. Pascale - **Which of the following is equal to one ml?** D 1 cubic centimeter ## **Vocabulary** 1. **mg** - B a unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a gram 2. **mEq** - C 1/1000th the weight of the minor component of a chemical solution dissolved in the major component 3. **mcg** - A a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram 4. **Tbsp** - F a measure of volume equal to the amount a standard tablespoon can hold or about three teaspoons 5. **tsp** - E a measure of volume equal to the amount a standard teaspoon can hold 6. **g** - D a unit of mass which is equal to 1/1000th of a kilogram # Nervous system ## **Reading** - **Neurons only transmit information through electrical signals.** (F) - **Sensory neurons control movement ability.** (F) - **Vertebrae surround the spinal cord.** (T) ## **Vocabulary** 1. _motor_ - E having to do with creating the ability to move 2. _spinal cord_ - C a long bundle of nerve cells that extends downward from the brain 3. _reflex_ - A an involuntary and immediate movement in response to a stimulus 4. _brain_ - B the large organ that controls bodily functions through release of hormones or activating muscles 5. _sensory_ - D having to do with the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell # Endocrine system ## **Reading** - **What is the main idea of the website?** A how the endocrine system works with other body systems - **Which of the following functions is NOT controlled by the pituitary gland?** C hunger - **Where is the pineal body located?** A in the brain ## **Vocabulary** 1. **gland** - D a bodily organ that creates a substance and releases it, often into the bloodstream 2. **secrete** - C to emit a substance in order to perform some bodily function 3. **hypothalamus** - A the part of the brain that connects the nervous system with the endocrine system 4. **adrenaline** - E a substance that helps the body react to a sudden threat or stress 5. **hormone** - B a chemical released by one part of the body that sends out messages which affect other parts of the body # Urinary system ## **Vocabulary** 1. **kidney stone** - kidney stone 2. **bladder** - bladder 3. **urethra** - urethra 4. **urinary system** - urinary system # Glossary - **abdomen**: The abdomen is the part of the body that contains the digestive organs and is between the groin and the waist. - **ac**: If a medication is given *ac*, it is before after meals. - **administer**: To administer medicine is to give it to a patient. - **adrenal gland**: An adrenal gland is a gland above the kidney that produces adrenaline and other hormones. - **adrenaline**: Adrenaline is a hormone that helps the body react to a sudden threat or stress. - **alveoli**: Alveoli are small sacs in the lungs at the endpoints of the respiratory system where oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream. - **anesthesiologist**: An anesthesiologist is a doctor who ensures that patients are unconscious or do not feel pain during surgery. - **ankle**: An ankle is the joint between the foot and the lower leg. - **antibiotic**: If something is *antibiotic*, it is used to kill or slow the growth of bacterial micro-organisms in the body. - **antimicrobial**: If something is _antimicrobial_, it kills or prevents the growth of micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungus. - **aorta**: The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It connects directly to the heart. - **appendicitis**: Appendicitis is a condition where the appendix, a small organ which is part of the digestive system, becomes irritated and inflamed. - **arm**: An arm is the long extension from the upper body between the shoulder and wrist. - **artery**: An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. - **assess**: To assess something is to evaluate it or determine the value of it. - **asthma**: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Some symptoms of asthma can be treated by inhaling medicine. - **atrium**: An atrium is one of the two upper chambers of the heart, which receive blood from veins. - **back**: The back is the part of the human body on the other side of the body to the torso between the pelvis and the neck. - **bacteria**: Bacteria is any of a great number of single-celled micro-organisms that inhabit all areas of the earth including human bodies. Many types of bacteria are responsible for human ailments and diseases. - **bandage**: A bandage is a strip of material used to protect an injury. - **bedpan**: A bedpan is a pot used for relieving oneself when a person is not able to go to a bathroom. - **BID**: If a medication is given BID, it is given twice per day. - **biohazard**: A biohazard is a biological substance that is potentially harmful to humans. Biohazards can include bacteria, viruses, and biologically derived toxins. - **biohazard waste container**: A biohazard waste container is a box for the storage and disposal of dangerous medical waste. - **BP**: BP (Blood Pressure) is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is a vital sign that medical professionals use to determine whether body systems are operating as they should. - **breathe**: To breathe is to pass air into and out of the lungs for the purpose of absorbing oxygen into the bloodstream. - **bronchial tube**: A bronchial tube is the main passage within the lung through which air passes from the trachea to the alveoli. - **burn**: A burn is a physical injury that can be caused by extreme heat, cold, electricity, or dangerous chemicals. - **c/o**: If a patient *c/o* (complains of) something, he or she describes symptoms that are painful or uncomfortable. - **capillary**: A capillary is the smallest kind of blood vessel in the body, where the exchange of oxygen, water, and nutrients takes place. - **cardiologist**: A cardiologist is a doctor who takes care of patients with heart problems. - **cardiology**: Cardiology is the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of the heart and heart diseases. - **cast**: A cast is a tiny structure produced by the kidneys and present in urine that contains indicators of urinary health. - **cheek**: A cheek is the fleshy part of either side of the face below the eye. - **chest**: The chest is the part of the human body enclosed by the sternum and ribs that lies above the abdomen and below the neck. - **circulatory system**: The circulatory system is the system responsible for carrying blood and oxygen throughout the body. - **colon**: The colon is another name for the large intestine, but is also known as the part of the digestive system which compacts unused food into feces and stores it until it is ready to exit the body. - **colonoscopy**: A colonoscopy is a medical procedure which examines the inside of the colon. - **contagious**: If a disease is *contagious*, it can spread easily from one person to another. - **CPR**: CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a first aid procedure involving chest compression and artificial breathing, used when the heart has stopped beating. - **cubic centimeter (cc)**: A cubic centimeter (cc) is a unit of volume equal to a cube whose sides are equal to one centimeter. - **current**: If something is _current_, it is happening at the present time. - **dermatology**: Dermatology is the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of the skin and skin diseases. - **digestive system**: The digestive system is a system of organs through which food passes, and which processes food, nutrients, and waste. - **disinfectant**: A disinfectant is something used to clean surfaces by killing bacteria and other microorganisms. - **dosage**: A dosage is the correct amount of medicine to give to a person at one time. - **drop (gtt)**: A drop (gtt) is a unit of liquid volume equal to the amount of liquid which comes from a dropper, or about 1/12th of a milliliter. - **Dx**: A Dx (Diagnosis) is the positive identification of a patient's disease or ailment. - **ear**: The ears are the organs on either side of the head that detect sound. - **elbow**: An elbow is the joint between the upper and lower arm. - **emergency**: The emergency department is the hospital department where people with very serious or life-threatening injuries are treated. - **emphysema**: Emphysema is a progressive respiratory disease that causes shortness of breath and involves damage to lung tissues. - **endocrine system**: The endocrine system is the bodily system that uses hormones to regulate the body's functions. - **endoscope**: An endoscope is a thin, tubular instrument used to examine the inside of an organ or body cavity. - **epidermis**: The epidermis is the outermost layer of human skin. - **esophagus**: The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the mouth at the pharynx to the cardiac end of the stomach. - **exhale**: To exhale is to breathe out or expel air from the lungs. - **eyebrows**: The eyebrows are strips of hair that grow above the eyes. - **eyes**: The eyes are the pair of spherical organs in the head that detect light and provide vision. - **face**: The face is the front portion of the head from the chin to the forehead. - **facemask**: A facemask is a covering of cloth or other material over the face, worn to prevent the transmission of microorganisms by way of the nose and mouth. - **finger**: A finger is one of the extensions from the hand. - **first aid**: First aid is basic medical care given to an injury victim when other help is not available or necessary. - **flow**: Flow is the smooth movement of something, usually a liquid. - **foot**: A foot is the perpendicular extension at the end of the leg. - **forehead**: The forehead is the portion of the face between the hairline and eyebrows. - **gland**: A gland is a bodily organ that creates a substance and releases it, often into the bloodstream. - **gauze**: Gauze is a cotton fabric used to cover wounds or surgical incisions. - **general practitioner**: A general practitioner is a doctor who provides many kinds of care to adults and children. - **gown**: A gown is a long robe worn by a hospital patient. - **gram (g)**: A gram (g) is a unit of mass which is equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. - **gtt**: Gtts are drops of liquid administered to the eye. - **groin**: The groin is the place in the human body where the inner thigh and the lower abdomen meet. - **hand**: A hand is the part of the arm below the wrist, to which fingers are attached. - **head**: The head is the upper part of the human body that contains the brain and the face. - **heart**: The heart is the organ which pumps blood throughout the body. - **hip**: A hip is the part of the upper leg that projects slightly outward. - **hormone**: A hormone is a chemical released by one part of the body that sends out messages which affect other parts of the body. - **HR**: HR (Heart Rate) is the frequency with which a person's heart beats in a given amount of time. It is usually expressed in beats per minute. - **HTN**: HTN (hypertension) is having blood pressure that is higher than normal. - **I.V.**: An I.V., or intravenous injection, is a method of administering medicine into a vein using a syringe, often over a long period of time. - **inhale**: To inhale is to breathe in or take air into the lungs. - **infection**: An infection is the abnormal manifestation of parasitic microorganisms within an area of the body. - **intramuscular injection (IM)**: An intramuscular injection is a medicine that is injected into a muscle with a syringe. - **jaw**: The jaw is either the upper or lower bony structure that holds the teeth and forms the framework of the mouth. - **kidney**: A kidney is one of the two organs that removes waste from the blood and produces urine. - **kidney stone**: A kidney stone is a hard, crystal-like mineral structure that forms in the kidneys and can be very painful to pass. - **knee**: A knee is the joint between the upper and lower leg. - **lab technician**: A lab technician is a medical professional who works with samples in a laboratory. - **laceration**: A laceration is an open injury caused by a hard impact to soft body tissue. - **large intestine**: The large intestine is the organ connected at the end of the small intestine and anus. The large intestine absorbs nutrients and vitamins not absorbed by the small intestine. It then compacts unused food into waste, or faeces. - **latex gloves**: Latex gloves are disposable gloves used during a medical exam or procedure. - **leg**: A leg is the long extension from the lower body between the hip and foot. - **lips**: The lips are the two muscular folds that surround the mouth. - **lung**: A lung is an organ located in the chest of the human body that introduces oxygen to the bloodstream. - **mcg**: A microgram (mcg) is a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram. - **mEq**: A milliequivalent (mEq) is 1/1000th the weight of the minor component of a chemical solution dissolved in the major component. - **mg**: A milligram (mg) is a unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a gram. - **ml**: A milliliter (ml) is a unit of liquid volume equal to one thousandth of a liter and equal to one cubic centimeter. - **melatonin**: Melatonin is a hormone that controls the day and night cycles of the body. - **motor**: If a neuron is a motor neuron, it helps to create the ability to move. - **neck**: The neck is the part of the body that joins the head to the torso. - **nerve**: A nerve is a cordlike structure that enables the transmission of electric impulses through the nervous system. - **nervous system**: The nervous system is the bodily system that transmits signals and coordinates actions of the body. - **network**: A network is a group of connected neurons that process information. - **neuron**: A neuron is a cell that transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. - **observation**: An observation is something that someone notices, or the act of noticing something. - **o/e**: If something is found *o/e* (on examination), it was discovered during an exam. - **obstetrician**: An obstetrician is a doctor who cares for pregnant women and their unborn children. - **obstetrics**: Obstetrics is the hospital department that treats women and unborn children during pregnancy. - **ounce (oz)**: An ounce (oz) is a unit of weight equal to 1/16th of a pound. - **orthopedics**: Orthopedics is the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of bones and muscles. - **oxygen**: Oxygen is a naturally occurring element necessary for the functioning of the human body and absorbed into the blood stream by the respiratory system. - **oxygen tank**: An oxygen tank is a metal cylinder that holds oxygen. - **P.O. (by mouth)**: If medicine is given P.O., it is taken orally, or through the mouth. - **P.R. (per rectum)**: If a medicine is given P.R., it is taken through the rectum. - **pathology**: Pathology is the hospital department that tests samples taken from patients for diseases. - **pc**: If a medication is given pc, it is given after meals. - **pediatrician**: A pediatrician is a doctor that takes care of children. - **pediatrics**: Pediatrics is the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of children.. - **pharmacist**: A pharmacist is a doctor who fills prescriptions and gives medicine. - **pharmacy**: A pharmacy is a business or hospital department that provides medicine to people. - **pineal body**: The pineal body is a small gland in the brain that produces the hormone melatonin. - **pituitary gland**: The pituitary gland is a gland in the brain that emits numerous hormones to control body processes such as growth, blood pressure, and sex organ functions. - **practitioner**: A practitioner is someone who is legally licensed to perform medical treatments without supervision. - **pressure**: Pressure is an amount of force applied to a certain area divided by the size of the area. - **pressure mattress**: A pressure mattress is a special mattress designed to improve blood flow and comfort. - **PRN**: If a medication is given PRN, it is given as needed. - **pulmonary**: If something is pulmonary, it has to do with the lungs, such as the pulmonary artery. - **pulse**: A pulse is an impulse caused by a heartbeat, that can be felt when an artery is pressed. - **qh**: If a medication is given qh, it is given every hour. - **qhs**: If a medication is given qhs, it is given at bedtime. - **QID**: If a medication is given QID, it is given four times per day. - **QOD**: If a medication is given QOD, it is given every other day. - **quarantine**: To quarantine a person is to isolate him or her from contact with others in order to prevent the transmission of contagious diseases. - **radiologist**: A radiologist is a doctor who takes X-rays and examines them.. - **radiology**: Radiology is the hospital department that takes X-rays of people and examines them. - **reflex**: A reflex is an involuntary and immediate movement in response to a stimulus. - **renal**: If something is renal, it is related to the kidneys. - **rescue breathing**: Rescue breathing is a first aid procedure involving providing air for someone who has stopped breathing, but still has a heartbeat. - **respiratory system**: The respiratory system is the human body's means of receiving oxygen through breathing. It includes the nose, mouth, and lungs. - **rib cage**: The rib cage is a structure of bones in the torso that frames the chest. - **route of administration**: A route of administration is the path by which a medicine is taken into the body. - **Rx**: Rx (treatment) is the specific drug or course of action prescribed to treat a patient's medical condition. - **secrete**: To secrete is to emit a substance in order to perform some bodily function. - **sensory**: If something is sensory, it has to do with the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. - **sharps container**: A sharps container is a box for the storing of used needles and other sharp medical instruments before disposal. - **shock**: Shock is a medical emergency in which the circulatory system cannot provide oxygen to the body. - **shoulder**: A shoulder is the joint between the arm and the upper body. - **shoulder blade**: A shoulder blade is one of the two upper back bones that lie outside the ribs and connect the back to the upper arm. - **small**: The small of the back is the lower portion of the back just above the hips. - **small intestine**: The small intestine is part of the digestive system through which food passes from the stomach and through which nutrients are absorbed into the blood. - **SOB**: SOB (Short of Breath) is a condition in which a patient finds it more difficult to breath than usual. - **spinal cord**: The spinal cord is a long bundle of nerve cells that extends downward from the brain. - **stat**: If a medication is given stat, it is given immediately. - **stomach**: The stomach is a pouch-like organ between the esophagus and small intestine. This produces acid and enzymes to break down food which enters the body. - **subcutaneous (SQ)**: If a medicine is _subcutaneous_, it is injected into the fatty layer under the skin with a syringe. - **sublingually (SL)**: If a medicine is taken sublingually, it is given beneath the tongue. - **surgery**: Surgery is the hospital department where doctors perform operations on people. - **surgeon**: A surgeon is a doctor who performs operations on people. - **syringe**: A syringe is a device consisting of a needle, chamber, and piston, used for injecting liquids into the body. - **T**: T (temperature) is a quantitative measurement of heat within the body. It is can be used, in part, to gauge whether the body is operating normally. - **tablespoonful (Tbsp)**: A tablespoonful (Tbsp) is a measure of volume equal to the amount a standard tablespoon can hold or about three teaspoons. - **teaspoonful (tsp)**: A teaspoonful (tsp) is a measure of volume equal to the amount a standard teaspoon can hold, or almost five milliliters. - **testes**: The testes are the organs in the male body that produce sperm. - **TID**: If a medication is given TID, it is given three times per day. - **toe**: A toe is one of the small extensions at the end of the foot. - **topical**: If a medicine is _topical_, it is applied to a certain part of the surface of the body. - **torso**: The torso is the upper portion of the human body that extends from the neck to the pelvis. - **transmit**: To transmit something is to transfer it from one place to another, such as transmitting a virus or other biohazard from one body to another. - **ulcer**: An ulcer is a sore or abscess which forms in the stomach when the stomach's mucus lining is too thin to keep the stomach's acid from damaging the stomach.. - **ureter**: The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. - **urethra**: A urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. - **urgent care**: Urgent care refers to health care provided to immediately respond to an injury or illness that is not serious enough to visit the emergency room. - **urinalysis**: A urinalysis is a test that examines a urine sample. - **urinary bladder**: The urinary bladder is the place where urine is collected and stored before it is removed from the body. - **urinary system**: A urinary system is a part of the body that controls the creation and expulsion of urine. - **urine**: Urine is liquid waste that the body expels. - **valve**: A valve is a flap in a bodily system that allows passage of material in one direction but prevents passage in the other direction. - **vein**: A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart. - **vena cava**: The vena cava is one of the two largest veins in the body. It connects directly to the heart. - **vertebrae**: Vertebrae are the small bones that together make up the backbone and surround the nerves of the spinal cord. - **virus**: A virus is a small infectious entity only capable of replicating within the cells of living organisms. - **vital signs**: Vital signs are statistical measures of essential body functions such as temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration. - **waist**: The waist is the part of the human torso between the groin and the rib cage. - **waste**: Waste is a substance produced by the body that is not needed so it is expelled. - **wheelchair**: A wheelchair is a mobile chair with wheels used for moving a sick or disabled person. - **wheeze**: To wheeze is to breathe with difficulty in a noisy manner. - **WNL**: If a function is WNL (Within Normal Limits), it is operating in a normal range. - **wound**: A wound is an injury, such as a cut or burn, usually to the external body. - **wrist**: A wrist is the part of the forearm that attaches to the hand. - **x-ray**: An x-ray is a form of radiation that can be used to take pictures of the internal human body. - **thyroid gland**: The thyroid gland is a large gland in the neck that controls how the body uses energy and controls proteins. - **ultrasound**: An ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that uses the reflection of sound waves to produce an image of the body. - **evaluate**: To evaluate something is to determine the qualities of its condition or state. - **family medicine**: Family medicine is medical care that is provided to people of all ages and for all health conditions. - **hypothalamus**: The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that connects the nervous system with the endocrine system. It controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and fatigue. - **inferior mesenteric artery**: The inferior mesenteric artery come off the surface of the abdominal aorta and it transfers the blood supply of the intestines. - **inferior vena cava**: The inferior vena cava is a vein that carries blood that has had the oxygen removed from it, to the right part of the heart. - **pathology report**: A pathology report is a report that discusses what was found after cells and tissue were examined. - **pediatrics**: Pediatrics is medical care for infants, children, and adolescents.