Medical Terminology Capsule PDF

Medical Terms Reference Guide Roots Table Root Meaning Example Definition of Example Cardi/o Heart Cardiologist Specialist in heart...

Medical Terms Reference Guide Roots Table Root Meaning Example Definition of Example Cardi/o Heart Cardiologist Specialist in heart treatment Pulm/o Lung Pulmonary Pertaining to the lungs Nephr/o, Ren/o Kidney Nephrology Study of the kidney Gastr/o Stomach Gastroenterology Study of the stomach and intestines Enter Intestine Enteritis Inflammation of the intestine Hem/o, Hemat/o Blood Hemoglobin Protein in red blood cells Oste/o Bone Osteoporosis Condition of weakened bones Neur/o Nerve Neurology Study of the nervous system Myel/o Bone marrow Myeloid Pertaining to bone marrow Hepat/o Liver Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Derm/o Skin Dermatitis Inflammation of the skin Cyt/o Cell Cytology Study of cells My/o Muscle Myopathy Disease of the muscles Cephal/o Head Cephalalgia Headache Cervic/o Neck Cervical region Refers to the neck Thorac/o Chest/ Thorax Thoracic region Refers to the chest Encephal/o Brain Encephalitis Inflammation of the brain Arthr/o Joint Arthritis Inflammation of the joints Blephar/o Eyelid Blepharoplasty Surgical repair of the eyelid Opt/o, Ophthalm/o Eye Optometry, Measurement of Ophthalmology vision; Study of the eye Kinesi/o Movement Kinesiology Study of body  movement Calc/o Calcium Hypocalcemia Low levels of calcium in the blood Kal/o Potassium Hyperkalemia High levels of potassium in the blood Glyc/o Sugar Hyperglycemia High blood sugar Ox/o Oxygen Hypoxia Low oxygen levels Pne/o Breathing Apnea Absence of breathing Sperm/o Sperm Spermicide Substance that kills sperm Abdomin/o Abdomen Abdominoplasty Surgical repair of the abdomen Celi/o Abdomen Celiotomy Surgical incision into the abdomen Lapar/o Abdominal wall Laparoscopy Visual examination of the abdomen Lumb/o Lower back Lumbago Lower back pain Periton/o Peritoneum Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum Acro Extremities Acromegaly Enlargement of extremities Dactyl/o Fingers, toes Dactylitis Inflammation of fingers or toes Ped/o Foot Podiatry The medical treatment and study of the feet. Pod/o Foot Podiatrist Specialist in foot care Pyema Pus Pyemia Blood infection with pus-producing bacteria Kinesia Rapid motion Kinesiology Study of rapid body movement Calcemia Calcium level in Hypercalcemia High calcium levels blood in blood Kalemia Potassium level Hyperkalemia High potassium levels in blood Glycemia Glucose level in Hyperglycemia High glucose levels blood in blood Oxia Oxygen level Hypoxia Low oxygen levels Pnea Breathing Apnea Absence of breathing Spermia Pertaining to sperm Spermicide Substance that kills sperm Emesis Vomit Antiemesis Preventing vomiting Brachi/o Arm Brachial Pertaining to the arm Suffixes Table Suffix Meaning Example Definition of Example -logy Study of Neurology Study of the nervous system -logist One who studies Cardiologist One who studies the heart -itis Inflammation Arthritis Inflammation of the joints -ectomy Surgical removal Appendectomy Removal of the appendix -scopy Process of visually Endoscopy Visual examination examining of internal structures -algia Pain Arthralgia Joint pain -dynia Pain Cephalodynia Head pain -megaly Enlargement Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the heart -oma Tumor Melanoma Tumor originating from melanocytes -sclerosis Hardening Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the arteries -pathy Disease Neuropathy Disease of the nerves -plasty Surgical repair Rhinoplasty Surgical repair of the nose -gram Record or image Mammogram X-ray image of the breast -therapy Treatment Chemotherapy Treatment with chemicals, often cancer therapy -centesis Surgical puncture Amniocentesis Puncture to remove amniotic fluid -graph Instrument that Electrocardiograph Machine recording records heart’s electrical activity -graphy Process of recording Radiography Process of taking x- ray images -lysis Separation, Hemolysis Breakdown of red breakdown blood cells -scope Instrument for Microscope Instrument for visual exam examining small objects -tic Pertaining to Cardiac Pertaining to the heart -ous Pertaining to Cutaneous Pertaining to the skin -ic Pertaining to Nephrotic Pertaining to the  kidneys -stomy Surgically created Colostomy Surgically created opening opening in the colon -tomy Cutting into, incision Laparotomy Incision into the abdomen -pexy Surgical fixation Gastropexy Surgical fixation of the stomach -malacia Softening Osteomalacia Softening of the bones -penia Deficiency Leukopenia Deficiency of white blood cells -phobia Fear Claustrophobia Fear of confined spaces -ian Specialist in a field Physician Practitioner of of study medicine -iatrics Medical specialty Pediatrics Medical treatment of children -ics Medical specialty Orthopedics Treatment of the skeleton and joints -ist Specialist in a field Cardiologist Specialist in heart of study study and treatment -ac Pertaining to Cardiac Pertaining to the heart -al Pertaining to Skeletal Pertaining to the skeleton -ar Pertaining to Muscular Pertaining to the muscles -ary Pertaining to Dietary Pertaining to the diet -form Like or resembling Muciform Like or resembling mucous -ile Pertaining to Febrile Pertaining to fever -oid Pertaining to Toxoid Pertaining to a toxin -ory Pertaining to Respiratory Pertaining to respiration -ptosis Drooping Blepharoptosis Drooping eyelid -trophy Nourishment, Hypertrophy Excessive growth of growth an organ Prefixes Table Prefix Meaning Example Definition of Example Uni- One Unilateral Affecting one side Bi- Two Bicuspid Tooth with two points Hemi- Half Hemisphere Half of a rounded structure Multi- Many Multivitamin Containing a  combination of vitamins. Erythro- Red Erythrocyte A red blood cell Leuko- White Leukemia Blood condition with white cells Cyano- Blue Cyanosis Blue skin color due to lack of oxygen Melano- Black Melanin Dark pigment in hair and skin Xanth/o Yellow Xanthoma Yellow raised area on the skin Hyper- Increase Hypertension Increased blood pressure Hypo- Below Hypotension Decreased blood pressure Ante- Before Antenatal Before birth Peri- Around Perinatal Around the time of birth Endo- Inside Endoscope Instrument for viewing inside an organ Mes/o Middle Mesoderm Middle layer of an embryo Dextr/o Right Dextrocardia Heart on the right side Ecto- Outside Ectoderm Outermost layer of developing embryo Kinesia Rapid motion Kinesiology Study of body movement related to rapid motion Calcemia Calcium level in Hypercalcemia Excess calcium blood levels in blood Kalemia Potassium level Hyperkalemia Excess potassium levels in blood Glycemia Glucose level in Hyperglycemia High blood sugar blood level Oxia Oxygen level Hypoxia Low oxygen levels in tissues Pnea Breathing Apnea Absence of spontaneous breathing Spermia Sperm Spermicide Agent that kills sperm cells Emesis Vomiting Antiemesis Prevention of vomiting Pyema Pus Pyemia Presence of pus- producing bacteria in bloodstream Prim- First Primitive Occurring first in  time Mon- One Monocular Pertaining to one eye Semi- Partial Semisolid Partially solid Di- Two/twice Dimorphous Having two forms Dipl- Double Diploid Having two sets of chromosomes Tri- Three Triplet One of three offspring Quadr- Four Quadrant One fourth of an area Tetra- Four Tetrahedron A figure with four surfaces Poly- Many, much Polysaccharide Substance composed of many sugars Xantho- Yellow Xanthoderma Yellow coloration of the skin A-, An- Not, without Aseptic Free of infectious organisms Anti- Against Antidote Means for counteracting a poison Contra- Against, opposite Contraception Prevention of conception Un- Not Unconscious Not responsive Ab- Away from Abduct To move away from the middle Ad- Toward, near Adhere To attach or stick together Dia- Through Dialysis Separation by passage through a membrane Per- Through Percutaneous Through the skin Trans- Through Transfusion Introduction of blood into the bloodstream Olig/o- Few Oligomenorrhea A scanty menstrual flow Pan- All Panacea Remedy that cures all illnesses Super- Above, excess Supernumerary Excess in number Eu- True, good, easy Euthanasia Easy or painless death Hetero- Different Heterosexual Pertaining to the opposite sex Homo- Same Homothermic Maintaining a constant body temperature Iso- Equal Isograft Graft between two genetically identical individuals Macro- Large Macrocyte Large blood cell Pre- Before Predisposing Leading toward a condition such as disease Pro- Before Prodrome Symptom that precedes a disease Post- After Postmenopausal After menopause Mes/o- Middle Mesencephalon Midbrain em/en In Enclose To close in retro Backward, behind Retrograde Moving backward sub Under Subcutaneous Under the skin inter Between Intercostal Between the ribs extra Outside, beyond Extracellular Outside the cell a- Not, without Aseptic Free from infection ab- Away from Abduct To move away from the midline ad- Toward, near Adhere To stick to a surface ante- Before Antenatal Before birth contra- Against Contraception Prevention of conception cyano- Blue Cyanosis Bluish discoloration of skin dextr/o Right Dextrocardia Heart on the right side di- Two Diplegia Paralysis affecting both sides of the body dia- Through Dialysis Filtration of blood through a membrane dipl- Double Diplopia Double vision ecto- Outside Ectoderm Outer layer of cells in development endo- Inside Endoscope Instrument to examine inside the body erythro- Red Erythrocyte A red blood cell eu- Good, normal Euphoria A feeling of well- being hemi- Half Hemisphere Half of a rounded structure hetero- Different Heterogeneous Composed of different elements homo- Same Homogeneous Composed of the same elements iso- Equal Isothermal Constant temperature leuko- White Leukocyte A white blood cell macro- Large Macrocyte A large cell melano- Black Melanoma A type of skin cancer with dark pigmentation mes/o Middle Mesoderm Middle layer of tissue mon- One Monocyte A single white blood cell type olig/o- Few Oliguria Scanty urine production pan- All Pancytopenia Reduction in all types of blood cells peri- Around Perinatal Around the time of birth poly- Many Polydipsia Excessive thirst post- After Postoperative After surgery pre- Before Prenatal Before birth prim- First Primigravida A woman pregnant for the first time pro- Before Prognosis Prediction of the outcome of a disease quadr- Four Quadriplegia Paralysis of all four limbs semi- Partial Semiconscious Partially conscious super- Above Superficial On or near the surface tetra- Four Tetraplegia Paralysis of all four limbs trans- Through Transdermal Through the skin tri- Three Tricuspid Having three points or cusps un- Not Unconscious Not awake or responsive uni- One Unilateral Affecting one side xanth/o Yellow Xanthoma A yellowish deposit under the skin Singular/Plural Suffixes Table Singular Plural Example (Singular) Example (Plural) on a Spermatozoon Spermatozoa um a Ovum Ova us i Embolus Emboli is es Diagnosis Diagnoses ma mata Carcinoma Carcinomata nx nges Phalanx Phalanges a ae Gingiva Gingivae en ina Foramen Foramina ex, ix, yx ices Appendix Appendices