Med Surg Nursing Exam Questions with Answers PDF

1.​ Which of the following is the correct sequence of techniques to be used by the nurse when examining a patient with a painful abdomen? Select one: a.Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation b.Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion c.Insp...

1.​ Which of the following is the correct sequence of techniques to be used by the nurse when examining a patient with a painful abdomen? Select one: a.Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation b.Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion c.Inspection, percussion, auscultation, palpation d.Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation 2.The patient may have suffered a hemothorax requiring the underwater seal drainage system. A hemothorax is presence of: Select one:þ a.Blood inside the lungs which is escaping into the trachea b.Blood within the pleural cavity usually related to trauma c.Air inside the lungs and escaping into the trachea d.Air within the pleural cavity usually related to trauma 3. The doctor ordered a computerized tomography (CT) scan for the patient. During transportation of the patient with a chest tube insitu the nurse should: Select one: a.Reinforce the dressing at the tube's insertion site b.Keep the underwater seal upright below the level of the tube insertion c.Clamp the chest tube in two places with blunt-tipped forceps d.Milk the tube immediately before transportation to Radiology from the ward 4. You assessing a patient who has a type of disease but patient started having shortness of breath, in the nursing assessment.pt cough up blood as a nurse you should. Answer: Briefly ask specific questions about this episode of respiratory distress.\Ask patient to tell you more 5.. Patient had open heart surgery, CABG, patient should be carefully managed and tells the nurse he is doing deep breathing exercises as instructed. In response what should the nurse do? Answer: Observe what the patient is doing and ensure doing it correctly. 6. Patients who have Myocardial Infarction do which tests? Answer: Atropine Tests 7. One of the factors that contribute to Myocardial Infarction is - Obesity 8. Teaching plan of MI (obese patient )should be to exercise. 9.Patient with Myocardial Infarction lying down suddenly becomes short of breath. Steps taken is to Answer: Position the patient in fowler's position 10. You take over a ward, which patient you should assess first, which patient needs immediate intervention. How would you distribute your staff to help with patient. You are a new nurse which patient would you be assigned? Answer: 11. patient was diagnosed with netrial cancer and going to have a laryngectomy, what invention would be nursing priority Answer- assess if patient can swallow 12. A patient with possible disseminated intravascular coagulation arrives in the emergency department with a blood pressure of 82/40, temperature of 102° F (38.9° C), and severe back pain. Which prescribed action will the nurse implement first: Infuse normal saline 500 mL over 30 minutes. 13.The nurse is preparing a patient diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and for a laryngectomy in the morning. What is nursing priority? Answer: Find out if patient can read and write. 14. A client admitted to the medical floor has muscle spasms and a positive Chvostek's sign. In obtaining the history, the nurse notes that the client had a thyroidectomy six weeks ago. On the basis of this finding, the nurse anticipates that the physician will order a lab test for: Select one: a.Sodium b.Magnesium c.Calcium d.Potassium 15..A client presents with muscle weakness, tremors, and confusion. Laboratory testing reveals a serum magnesium level of 0.9mg/dl. The nurse recalls that a common cause of hypomagnesemia is: Select one: a.Excessive antacid use b.Chronic alcoholism c.Kidney failure d.Lack of sun exposure 16.Patient has dry mouth ,sticky mucus membrane and, weak peripheral pulses tachycardic Dehydration - deficient fluid volume. 17. Patient has a deficiency in aldosterone in blood- Answer: diluted urine 18.A patient's serum sodium concentration is within normal range. The nurse estimates that the serum osmolality should be: Select one: a.350-544 mOsm/kg b.275-300 mOsm/kg c.Greater than 408 mOsm/kg d.Less than 136 mOsm/kg 19.. Clinical manifestations of hypovalemia: Weakness and Numbness.20. Patient with MI has pain in left shoulder after heart attack. a.​ Referred Pain b.​ Acute Pain c.​ Chronic Pain d.​ Deferred Pain 21. If pt with copd has high levels of oxygen - bronchospasm 22. A nurse is caring for a patient hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would the nurse expect to note in assessing this patient? A hyperinflated (barrel) chest 23..Scenario one covers the following three (3) questions Six year old Mervin was admitted to the pediatric ward with a diagnosis of Acute Glomerulonephritis. His mother stated that his face was swollen in the morning and he was passing small amounts of brown coloured urine. On assessment his vital signs were as follows: T 37.4, Pulse 96, B/P 120/65 mm/Hg. All of the following will occur in Mervin's kidneys as a result of Streptoccocal infections EXCEPT Select one: a.oedema of proximal tubules b.Proliferation of epithelial cells c.Impaired glomerular filtration rate d.Oedema of the glomerular basement membrane 24. Which of the following findings would be significant in Mervin's diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis? i Elevated blood urea nitrogen level ii. Presence of protein and red cast cells in urine iii. Identification of atypical cells on renal biopsy iv. Beta hemolytic streptococcus in throat swab culture Select one: a.​ i, ii, iv 25. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most significant in maintaining Mervin's fluid and electrolyte balance? a.Ensuring compliance with fluid restrictions 26. A 35 year old male was working his in garden. He was stung by a bee on his left side of leg , he was rushed to the emergency department, in a unresponsive state, legs swollen, eyes puffy,shallow rapid breathing systolic blood pressure 50, pulse 130and thready , sweating profusely. Answer: Shock- Anaphylactic shock 27. Drug for anaphylactic shock: Epinephrine 28. A nurse is preparing to obtain a sputum specimen from a client. Which of the following nursing actions will facilitate obtaining the specimen? Answer: Instruct the client to take three deep breaths and cough with exhalation 29. A nurse is caring for a patient after the bronchoscopy and biopsy. Which of the following signs if noted in the client, should be reported immediately to the physician? Answer:Stridor 30. An unconscious client is admitted to an emergency room. Arterial blood gas measurements reveal a pH of 7.30, a low bicarbonate level, a normal carbon dioxide level and a normal oxygen level. An elevated potassium is also present. These results may indicate the presence of: a.Metabolic acidosis 31. An Emergency Room nurse is assessing a client who sustained a blunt injury to the left chest wall. Which of these would indicate the presence of a pneumothorax? Answer: Diminished breath sounds on the left side 32.3⅘ ECG Waves- P Wave, QRS Waves ,( T Waves) 33. Patient tried non-pharmacological pain management on pt still experiencing pain and tried everything. Answer: Advocate 34. Stages of shocks Compensatory, Progressive, Irreversible 35. Patient receiving Iv fluids,should be on strict io charting- Intake\Output 36. Perioperative Risks 37. Cardiac pain relief medication - Answer Morphine 38. Patience unconscious which position - Lateral Recumbent Position\ Coma Position 39. Pt vomiting occurs post op what nurse would do- position patient to prevent aspiration 40. post op urinary output important if under a certain amount of ml what to do- contact physician 41. How to encourage post op patient out of bed: Ambulation 42. An elderly patient has the most common respiratory complication, what condition can they develop post- operatively- Answer: Pneumonia 43. Thrombolytic 43. Nasal coke infection- answer hand washing 44. Questions 44 and 45 are based on the following scenario. Isabel is a 14 year old girl who has just undergone a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. On the basis of knowledge about tonsillar disease, the nurse knows that Isabel must have experienced symptoms that required surgical intervention. Clinical manifestations may have included: Select one: a.Hypertrophy of the tonsils b.Repeated attacks of otitis media c.Suspected hearing loss due to repeated otitis media d.All of the above 45. The nurse assesses Isabel's postoperative vital signs and checks for the most significant postoperative complication of: a.Haemorrhage 46. What position would the patient be in if they had a tonsillectomy done and must be positioned a certain way? The nurse is preparing to care for a child after a tonsillectomy. The nurse documents on the plan of care to place the child in which position? 1. Supine 2. Side-lying\Lateral 3. High Fowler's 4. Trendelenburg' 47. An adult returned from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit following abdominal surgery. At 1:00 pm he asks for pain medication. He has an order for pethidine 75mg intramuscularly (IM) Q3-4 hours PRN for operative site pain. He was last medicated at 10:30 am. What is the best initial action for the nurse? b.Ask the client to state where it hurts 48. Ask patient before serving medications if they have any - Allergies 49. During the admission interview a client who is admitted for a CT scan with contrast says "Every time I eat shrimp I get a rash". What action is essential for the nurse to take at this time? b.Notify the physician 50. Persons who are on anticoagulant medications have what tests done regularly: Prothrombin Test 51. A prothrombin test to monitor bleeding should be performed regularly on persons who are taking which medication? d.Warfarin 52. Angina Pectoris 53. When discussing angina pectoris secondary to atherosclerotic disease with a patient, the patient asks why he tends to experience chest pain when exerts himself, the nurse should describe phenomena? Exercise increases the heart oxygen demands. 54. Nitroglycerin 55.A nurse is monitoring a patient with angina for therapeutic effects of nitroglycerin. Which assessment finding indicates that the nitroglycerin has been effective? -Blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg -Heart rate of 70 beats/min -ECG without evidence of ST changes -Patient stating that pain is 0 out of 10 56. Angina 57. Patient is hypertensive, what would you teach the patient about? Options would be there 58. chronic Duodenal Ulcers. a patient has stomach ulcers During your assessment, the patient makes the following statement.Which is most likely contributing to the diagnosis? a.My mother is a vegetarian b.My grandmother had diabetes c.i take aspirin 7 times a day, d. i take multivitamins and iron tablets 59. After surgery, a patient cannot eat right away,but the patient said they are thirsty, what would be your intervention? Answer: Ice chips 60. A nurse is completing an admission assessment of a client who has pancreatitis. Which of the following is an expected finding? A. Pain in right upper quadrant radiating to right shoulder B. Report of pain being worse when sitting upright C. Pain relieved with defecation D. Epigastric pain radiating to left shoulder 61. Patient with liver disease signs & symptoms- Jaundice 62. Patient had thyroidectomy done, what would be at the patient bedside? Emergency equipment should be at the bedside, including oxygen, suction equipment, and a tracheostomy tray 63. IDDM patient is dependent on insulin, more at risk for hypoglycemic events at what time. Morning, Evening Afternoon, Both 64.When instructing the patient about the self-administration of insulin, which of the following information should you include? Hold syringe like a dart 65. Angina 66. Angina 67. How does nitroglycerin work\ acts? What it causes? a.Relaxes smooth muscles causing venous dilation. b.Reduces preload and afterload to the heart. c. Dilates the coronary arteries resulting in increased perfusion of the myocardium. 68. If take nitroglycerin what happens to arteries? Partially Blocked 69. Leading cause of end stage renal failure? Hypertension 70. If a patient has a renal calculi what are they encouraged to do?A client who has been diagnosed with renal calculi reports that the pain is intermittent and less colicky. Which of the following nursing actions is most important at this time? a. Report hematuria to the physician. b. Strain the urine carefully. c. Administer meperidine (Demerol) every 3 hours. d. Apply warm compresses to the flank area. 71. Which cardiac enzyme would the nurse expect to elevate first in a client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction? Answer: Troponin test 72. A patient with acute shortness of breath is admitted to the hospital. Which action should the nurse take during the initial assessment of the patient? Positon patient 73. A client who reports shortness of breath requests the nurse's help in changing positions. After repositioning the client, which of the following actions should the nurse take next? b. Observe the rate, depth, and character of the client's respirations 74. After receiving change-of-shift report for several patients with neutropenia, which patient should the nurse assess first. A 33-yr-old with a fever of 100.8° F (38.2° C) 75.Patient has a deficiency in aldosterone in blood- Answer: diluted urine 76. O.9 Magnesium level causes hypomagnesia