Mechatronics Engineering Lectures (OFRME200) PDF

Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) LEC. 10 Level 2- Fall Semester By: Walaa Shoeib Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University. CHAPTER 5 Microcontroller Structure 2 Registers Instruction register (IR): stores an instru...

Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) LEC. 10 Level 2- Fall Semester By: Walaa Shoeib Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University. CHAPTER 5 Microcontroller Structure 2 Registers Instruction register (IR): stores an instruction after fetching an instruction from the memory, the CPU stores it in the instruction register. It can then be decoded and used to execute an operation 3 Registers Program counter (PC): It is a special register that keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be executed in a program. 4 Memory The memory unit stores binary data. The data may be program instruction codes or number being operated on. The size of the memory is determined by the number of wires in the address bus. 5 Memory The memory element is a unit consist essentially of large number of storage cells with each cell capable of storing either a 0 or a 1 bit. The storage cells are grouped in locations with each location capable of storing one word. To access the stored word, each location is identified by a unique address. 6 Types of memory ❑ROM ❑ PROM ❑ EPROM ❑ EEPROM ❑ RAM 7 Read-only memory ROM For data that is stored permanently a memory device called a read-only memory(ROM) ROMs are programmed with the required contents during manufacture of the integrated circuit. Data can not be written into this memory The data can only be read. 8 The erasable and programmable ROM (EPROM) EPROM is used for ROMs that can be programmed and their contents altered. The pattern remains permanently in the chip until erased by shining ultraviolet light through a quartz window on the top of the device. 9 Electrically enable PROM (EEPROM) is similar to EPROM. Erasure is by applying a relatively high voltage rather than using ultraviolet light. 10 Random-access memory(RAM) Temporary data data currently being operated on, is stored in a read/write memory referred to as a random-access memory (RAM). 11 12 Open loop control system is a control system whose output is governed only by the input, without any feedback loop. In this system, the control effect is determined without using information about the value of the controlled variable. The control device instructs the action of the actuator, thereby changing the state of the controlled object. These changes are not fed back into the control device to affect further actions, which means that there is no feedback loop between the control signal and the controlled quantity. Advantage : Simplicity and Cost-Effectiveness Disadvantage: Inability to adjust actual output: 13 closed loop control system also known as a feedback control system, is an automatic control system that includes a signal forward path and a feedback path to form a closed loop. For example, a speed detector, a position detector These components work together to detect the actual displacement and compare it with the command value, using a differential control system. This setting ensures high positioning accuracy but also makes the system complex, expensive, and difficult to debug and maintain. 14 15 Component of mechatronics system END 17