21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Past Paper PDF

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches LESSON 1.2 Literary Reading through a Sociocultural Context Table of Contents Introduction...

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches LESSON 1.2 Literary Reading through a Sociocultural Context Table of Contents Introduction 1 Objectives 2 DepEd Competencies 2 Warm-Up 2 Learn about It 3 Reasons to Read Literature through its Sociocultural Context 4 Questions when Reading using a Sociocultural Context 4 Literary Theories Used in Reading through the Sociocultural Context 5 Key Points 6 Check Your Understanding 7 Let’s Step Up! 8 Bibliography 8  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Lesson 1.2 Literary Reading through a Sociocultural Context Fig. 1. Important historical events (like the COVID-19 pandemic) experienced by authors influence their work. Introduction Aside from understanding a literary text through a biographical perspective, it is also important to note the historical events and social situations that may have influenced its writing. When authors write, they do not come from a vacuum. To a certain extent, they are also products of the respective communities where they belong. 1  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Objectives In this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Read using sociocultural context to understand how social, economic, political, and cultural forces shape a text. Explain the literary theories that may be used in analyzing a text using its sociocultural context. DepEd Competencies This lesson serves as a prerequisite or enrichment for the following DepEd competencies: Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from the pre-colonial to the contemporary (EN12Lit-5a-21). Discuss how different contexts enhance the text’s meaning and enrich the reader’s understanding (EN12Lit-Ie-28). Warm-Up Quick Draws Procedure 1. Draw an image of the following events in Philippine history: a. 1882 — Rizal went to Spain to study. b. 1898 — Americans introduced formal education in the Philippines. c. 1972 — Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial law in the Philippines. d. 1986 — The People Power Revolution ended the Marcos regime. 2  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches e. 2016 — Rodrigo Duterte was elected 16th president of the Republic of the Philippines. 2. Show and explain your drawings to a partner. After the activity, reflect on this question: What would a third-person observer living in those times have written about his or her situation? Learn about It According to the critic Wilbur Scott, “Art is not created in a vacuum; it is the work not simply of a person, but of an author fixed in time and space, answering a community of which he is an important, articulate part.” In reading using the sociocultural context, you will examine the factors that affect the writing of the literary text and how the readers received the work during the time it was written. Vocabulary refers to different schools of thought and bodies of literary theory ideas that can be used as a tool in understanding a (noun) literary text sociocultural of, relating to, or involving a combination of cultural and (adjective) social factors the set or system of social structures, institutions, social order norms, customs that conserve, maintain, or enforce (noun) patterns of relations and behavior ideology a systematic body of concepts or beliefs about life or (noun) culture chalice a cup used to hold wine (noun) 3  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Essential Question How do historical events or social situations affect a literary piece? Reasons to Read Literature through Its Sociocultural Context These are the reasons to read literature through the sociocultural context (Gioia and Kennedy 2007): Reading using the sociocultural context helps you understand the social, economic, political, and cultural forces affecting the work that you are reading. Analyzing the sociocultural context of the text makes you examine the role of the audience (readers) in shaping literature. Questions when Reading using a Sociocultural Context Here are some guide questions that we can answer as we analyze texts through the sociocultural context: What is the relationship between the characters or the speakers in the text and their society? Does the text explicitly address issues of gender, race, or class? How does the text resolve these issues? Who has the power? Who does not? What is the reason for this setup? How does this story reflect the nation? What does this say about the country and its inhabitants? Who has the economic or social power? Is there oppression or class struggle? How do the characters overcome this? Does the structure of social status and privilege play a significant role in the narrative? What is the prevailing social order? Does the story or poem accept or challenge it? 4  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Literary Theories Used in Reading through the Sociocultural Context You may use several sociological, economic, and cultural perspectives when reading using the sociocultural context. Marxism is one of these. Feminism, queer theory, historicism, postcolonialism, and new historicism are also perspectives or literary theories that you may use. Perspective Explanation Marxism According to the Marxist perspective, literature shows class struggle and materialism. Thus, it looks into the social classes portrayed in the work. It also examines how the text serves as a propaganda material. It also explores oppression, social conflicts, and the solutions to these struggles as shown in the literary work. Feminism The feminist perspective examines the role of the women in the text. It looks into how the female character may be empowered or discriminated against. Queer Theory The queer perspective is concerned with the experiences of the LGBTQIA+ community. The perspective itself was contextualized in 1991. Historicism Historicism or traditional historical criticism is a perspective dealing with the history that influenced the writing of literature. Postcolonialism Postcolonialism is a literary perspective that looks into the changes in society, culture, and attitudes in previous colonies after the colonial period. Through this perspective, the dependence or independence of decolonized countries or people is examined. 5  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches New Historicism New Historicism is another perspective in the sociocultural context. It focuses not only on the history when the literary text was written but also on how history happened. In new historicism, the abovementioned perspectives can be integrated. When reading a text or writing a critique through the sociocultural context, set aside your political ideologies. Say, for example, if you greatly believe that boys should only like girls and vice versa, it should not hinder you from analyzing a text objectively using the queer theory. Your ideologies may lead you to overread the text according to what you believe in, even if the text is not related to your political inclinations. Do your best to be unbiased in reading. Let’s Check In What are some popular movies we can watch and analyze through the Marxist, feminist, or queer perspectives? What are some historical or biographical narratives that we can analyze through historicism, postcolonialism, or new historicist perspectives? Essential Question How do historical events or social situations affect a literary piece? 6  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Key Points Reading literature through the sociocultural context helps a reader understand the literary text's social, economic, political, and cultural influences. The following literary perspectives may be used in analyzing a text through the sociocultural context: Marxism, feminism, queer theory, historicism, postcolonialism, and new historicism. Some of the significant details in analyzing through the sociocultural context are 1) the relationship between the characters and their society, 2) issues raised on gender, race, or class, 3) the characters' struggles, and 4) the prevailing social order in the text. Check Your Understanding Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. ______________________ is the perspective we can use to distinguish the roles of marginalized women in society. 2. ______________________ distinguishes the social stratification between the capitalists and the working class, the ruler and its members, and the rich and poor. 3. ______________________ highlights the occurrences that take place after a certain period of outside influence in colonization. 4. ______________________ is the perspective used in determining a “coming-of-age” story where a character develops and unveils his or her desired identity. 5. ______________________ points out the effects of a change in politics and governance taking place in a certain area. 7  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Watch or recall a movie or book that talks about a certain Philippine historical event. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the historical situation taking place? 2. What do you think is the prevailing social order shown? 3. What is the main idea or theme of the story? 4. How do the people during those times act? How do they differ from our generation? 5. How does the event affect the author and his or her perspectives about the situation? Let’s Step Up! On a piece of paper, recall a movie you watched in one of your previous history or literature classes. Write a short analysis of the film using an appropriate literary perspective. 8  21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Grade 11 Unit 1: Contextual Reading Approaches Bibliography Bertens, Hans. Literary Theory: the basics, 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2014. Brooker, Peter, Raman Selden, and Peter Widdowson. A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory, 5th ed. Great Britain: Pearson Education, 2005. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction, 2nd ed. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1996. Gioia, Dana and X.J. Kennedy. 2007. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Compact Edition. 5th ed. New York: Allyn & Bacon/Longman. Hani, Ilayana. “7 Critical Reading Strategies.” Salisbury University. Accessed May 3, 2018. https://www.scribd.com/document/123460879/7-Critical-Reading-Strategies Purdue University. “Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism.” OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab. Accessed October 6, 2021. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_literature/literary_the ory_and_schools_of_criticism/index.html. 9