MCT 102 - Introduction to Mechatronics Engineering -Lecture No 2 - Trends in Mechatronics Automation PDF

MCT 102 – Introduction to Mechatronics Engineering CLO 2: Discuss recent trends in Mechatronics Prof Christian Bolu Agenda - Week No 2: October 14, 2024 2 Week No 1: October 14, 2024 11:00 Trends in Mechatronics Engineering (30 mins) 11:40 Programming Logi...

MCT 102 – Introduction to Mechatronics Engineering CLO 2: Discuss recent trends in Mechatronics Prof Christian Bolu Agenda - Week No 2: October 14, 2024 2 Week No 1: October 14, 2024 11:00 Trends in Mechatronics Engineering (30 mins) 11:40 Programming Logic Controllers - I (PLC)(20 mins) 11:50 Break [10 mins] 12:00 Programming Logic Controllers - II (PLC)(25 mins) 12:20 Quiz (30 mins) Practical Install SIEMENS PLC Software Recent Trends in Mechatronics Engineering  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 4 Recent Trends: Artificial Intelligence ❑ Machine Learning are transforming mechatronics by enabling machines to learn, adapt, and make autonomous decisions. AI-driven systems enhance predictive maintenance, fault detection, and robotics by improving the precision and efficiency of operations. ❑ Natural Language Processing (NLP): Mechatronic systems are being integrated with NLP to enable human-machine interaction through natural language  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 5 Recent Trends: Industrial Automation The rise of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing is pushing the boundaries of automation. Mechatronics engineers are focusing on the development of advanced robotic systems, collaborative robots (cobots), and autonomous machinery, enabling seamless integration between humans and machines in manufacturing environments.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 6 Recent Trends: Internet of Things ❑ Connected Systems: Mechatronic devices are being connected to the internet, allowing for remote monitoring, control, and data sharing. ❑ Smart Cities: Mechatronic technologies are essential for building smart cities, from intelligent transportation systems to smart energy grids.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 7 Recent Trends: Additive Manufacturing ❑ Additive manufacturing is becoming more integral in the design and production of mechatronic components. It allows for rapid prototyping and customization, making it easier to produce complex parts and systems with high precision. ❑ Material Innovations: New materials are being developed for 3D printing, expanding the range of applications for mechatronic systems.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 8 Recent Trends: Autonomous Vehicles and Drones ❑ The development of autonomous vehicles, including cars, drones, and underwater robots, is heavily reliant on mechatronics. ❑ Mechatronics plays a crucial role in the development of self-driving cars, drones, and other autonomous systems. These systems rely on advanced sensors, GPS, machine vision, and control algorithms to navigate environments without human intervention.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 9 Recent Trends: Sustainable and Green Technology Energy Efficiency: Mechatronic systems are being designed to minimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact. Renewable Energy Integration: Mechatronic technologies are playing a crucial role in integrating renewable energy sources into power grids. Circular Economy: Mechatronic systems are being developed to support a circular economy, where materials and products are reused and recycled.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 10 Recent Trends: Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) and Wearable Technology ❑ The evolution of HMI technologies, such as touchscreens, voice recognition, and wearable devices, is transforming how humans interact with machines. Wearable mechatronic systems like exoskeletons are also improving ergonomics and enhancing human physical capabilities. ❑ These interfaces are critical for operating complex mechatronic systems like drones, medical robots, and smart appliances.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 11 Recent Trends: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) ❑ CPS are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes. In mechatronics, these systems help in monitoring and controlling physical systems through computer-based algorithms. ❑ Mechatronic systems in smart factories use sensors, robotics, and AI to optimize processes, ensure real-time monitoring, and reduce waste.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 12 Recent Trends: Advanced Sensors Innovations in sensors are driving progress in automation and robotics. High-precision sensors provide critical data for AI-driven systems, allowing for better decision- making, predictive analytics, and automation across industries like aerospace, healthcare, and manufacturing.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 13 Recent Trends: Miniaturization of Components ❑ With advancements in nanotechnology and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), the miniaturization of mechatronic components is enabling the design of smaller, more efficient devices. ❑ MEMS involve the integration of tiny mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a chip. These systems are used in various applications, from automotive sensors to medical implants, enabling the miniaturization of mechatronic devices.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 14 Recent Trends: Collaborative Robots (Cobots) Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate in isolation, cobots work alongside humans in manufacturing settings. These robots are designed with safety features and advanced sensors that allow them to adapt to dynamic environments, performing complex tasks like assembly or inspection.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 15 Recent Trends: Biomedical Mechatronics The integration of mechatronics in the medical field has led to innovations like robotic surgery, prosthetics, and rehabilitation devices. Wearable devices with sensors for real-time health monitoring are also a growing field within biomedical mechatronics.  Trends in Mechatronics Engineering 16 Recent Trends: Soft Robotics Soft robotics is an emerging field focused on robots made from highly flexible materials that mimic biological systems. These robots are ideal for applications where delicate, human-like dexterity is needed, such as in medical surgeries or handling fragile objects. Foundations of Industrial Automation Control CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview A Programmable Logic Controller is an industrial grade computer that is capable of being programmed to perform control functions CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Features ❑ Multiple Inputs ❑ Multiple Outputs ❑ Real Time System –Output depens on Input ❑ Extended Temperature Range ❑ Immunity to Electrical Noise ❑ Resistance to Vibration & Impact ❑ Eliminates much of hard wiring of Relay Controls Circuits CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Features Relay-Based Control Panel PLC-Based Control Panel CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Benefits ❑ Increased Reliability – Tested programs usable in other PLCs ❑ More Flexibility – Easily change and rewrite circuits ❑ Lower Cost – Replace Relay Controls ❑ Communication Capabilities – Communicate with other PLCs or Computers ❑ Faster Response – Higher Speed and Real- Time Applications ❑ Easy Troubleshooting – Resident Diagnostics CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Input/Output Relationships between the input and output are determined by the user program CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Manufacturers  CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Review 1. What is a programmable logic controller (PLC)? 2. Identify four tasks in addition to relay switching operations that PLCs are capable of performing. 3. List six distinct advantages that PLCs offer over conventional relay- based control systems. 4. Explain the differences between open and proprietary PLC architecture. 5. State two ways in which I/O is incorporated into the PLC. 6. Describe how the I/O modules connect to the processor in a modular-type PLC configuration. 7. The programmable controller operates in real time. What does this mean? 8. Name 5 PLC Manufacturers CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC ❑Central Processing Unit ❑Input-Output Section ❑Power Supply Unit ❑Programming Device CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC Modular Type Features: Larger PLCs Higher Cost of Purchase More Flexible Lower Cost of Maintenance CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC Fixed Type Features: Smaller PLCs Lower Cost of Purchase Less Flexible Higher Cost of Maintenance  CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC ❑ Backplane – Contactors where modules make electrical and communication contacts and is located at the rear of the rack  CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC Power Supply: ❑ Supplies DC power to the other modules plugged into the rack. ❑ Do not normally supply power to the field devices. Power is provided by external AC or DC source  CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control Processor: PLC Overview: Parts of PLC ❑ Consist of microprocessor, RAM, EPROM or EEPROM. ❑ In run mode, Scans – repetitive monitoring of inputs, executing the control program and update of output status CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC Input/Output System: ❑ Interface with field devices (or real world devices) connected with the controller ❑ Input devices – pushbuttons, limit switches, sensors. ❑ Output devices – small motors, solenoid valves, indicator lights CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Parts of PLC Programming Device: ❑ used to enter desired program into the memory of the processor using relay ladder logic (RLL) Typical PC Software used to create Ladder Logic Program. Hand-held Programming Device CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Principles of Operation CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: Modifying Operations When change in operation is made: ❑ No re-wiring would be necessary ❑ Inputs and Outputs are the same ❑ Only change in PLC ladder logic program is required. Relay Ladder Diagram modified PLC Ladder Logic Program  CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: PLC vs Computers Area PLC Computer 1. Environment Industrial Office Relay Ladder Logic Install application 2. Programming Built in program No keyboard, Monitor or Keyboard, Monitor, 3. Peripherals CD/DVD CD/DVD Execute Sequenced Single 4. Complexity Complex Program Easy to install and maintain 5. Operation Simple to troubleshoot by fault Diagnostics indicators 6. Field Devices Easy to Connect directly Interface for connection 7. Human Machine Not usually done HMI possible Interface 8. Programmable Not usually done Used for PAC Automation Controller CLO 21 Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: PLC vs Computers PLC Software associated with PCs are as follows: ❑ Software that allows Programing and documentation ❑ Software that allows both monitoring and controlling – Human Machine Interface (HMI) When PLC-style Control with a PC-based system is termed a Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) – PLC ruggedness with PC functionality. CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: PLC Size Classification Criteria ❑ Functionality ❑ Number of I/Os ❑ Cost ❑ Physical Size Classification by I/O ❑ Nano: < 15 I/Os ❑ Micro: 15-128 I/Os ❑ Medium: 128-512 I/Os ❑ Large: > 512 I/Os  CLO 1: Foundations of Industrial Automation & Control PLC Overview: PLC Size PLC Applications ❑ Single-ended or Stand alone – one PLC controlling one process ❑ Multitask PLC – one PLC controlling several processes ❑ Control Management PLC – one PLC controlling several other PLCs Factors Affecting Memory Size ❑ Number of I/O points used ❑ Size of Control Program ❑ Data-collection Requirement ❑ Supervisory functions required ❑ Future expansion Simple Quiz