Maurya Empire PDF

MAURYAN EMPIRE C SS R A RM PA  Sources - 1. Kautilya’s: Arthashastra 2. Vishakhadatta’s: Mudrarakshasa (written during Gupta Empire) 3. Megasthenes: Indica (in contrast) 4. Buddhist literature: Jataka tal...

MAURYAN EMPIRE C SS R A RM PA  Sources - 1. Kautilya’s: Arthashastra 2. Vishakhadatta’s: Mudrarakshasa (written during Gupta Empire) 3. Megasthenes: Indica (in contrast) 4. Buddhist literature: Jataka tales, Dipavamsa/Mahavamsa, Divyadana C Origin of Mauryans - & According to: SS - > Puranas: he belongs to Shudras > Mudrarakshasa: He belongs to Vrishal/Kulhina & Junagarh Rock Inscription: he belongs to Vaishyas Mauryan Rulers - - R Nanda Dynasty last ruler Dhanananda lost to Chandragupta Maurya ↓ Se A With the help of Kautilya (also known 322 BC as Chanakya/Vishnugupta) RM Chandragupta Maurya - - Founder of Mauryan Dynasty I Defeated last ruler of Nanda Dynasty: Dhanananda - Defeated Selecus Nicator (frontier of Alexander the Great) ↓ Megasthenes was in PA court of Selecus Nicator - Son: Bindusara Bindusara - He is known as Amitrochates by the Greeks · He patronised Ajivikas & Son: Ashoka  Ashoka - V Ruled for: 12 yrs - Fought Kalinga War (ended in: 261 BC) ↑ Adopted Buddhism / He replaced Berighosha with Dhammagosha ↓ ↓ Cultural C Physical Conquest Conquest SS Ashokan Edicts - & Found in two places: - 1. Rocks a. Major: 14 > First to decipher: James Princep b. Minor: 15 2. Pillars R Writings on Rock A Major Rock Edicts - - Total: 14 RM & Language: 3 I Script: 4 & Major language used: Prakrit language & Use of Brahmi and Kharoshti ↓ PA Introduced by Iranians V Greek Languae: Greek script ↑ Aramaic Language: Aramaic script - In inscriptions he is mentioned as: Devanami - Piyadashi & - ↳ Devon ka Priya (beloved of Gods)  C SS R A RM PA Kalinga War Was ancient name of coastal in Orissa  Minor Rock Edicts Four: Maski Karnataka Gujjar Madhya Pradesh Brahmagiri Nittur C SS Pillar Edicts Total: 7 R A Capital RM Abacus Inverted lotus Shaft PA Delhi-Topra Pillar Edict: only with 7th edict Lauriya: Aaraj Bihar Use of only one language and only one script Lauriya: Nandagarh Prakrit Brahmi  4 lions X -> Elephant C Horse Oxen Lion SS ↓ Wheel From Rampura Only bull found R Sarnath Declared National = & A Shows Dhammaparivartan of Ashoka Emblem on: 24 Jan He made this to commemorate the 1st 1950 Sermon of Buddha RM Barabar Hill Caves PA Bihar Ashoka built this cave for Buddhist Lomas Rishi Caves: Bihar Nagarjuni Caves: Bihar Built by Dashrath Maurya (grandson of Ashoka) I Last ruler of Maurya Dynasty: Brihadratha I Defeated by Pushyamitra Sunga Maurya Administration - 1 Saptanga Theory by Kautilya: 7 elements to rule an administration 1. King: Raja C 2. Secretary: Amartya 3. Territory: Janpada SS 4. Fort: Durga 5. Treasure: Kosha 6. Army: Sena 7. Friend: Mitra Officers - R 1. Sannidhata: Chief treasury office 2. Samharata: collector general of revenue A Two types of court - 1. Civil: Dharmastya Nyayalaya - Vyavaharika RM 2. Kantakashodhan Nyayalaya - Pradeshta · ↑ Gopa: Responsible for account ↑ Akshapatalik: Accountant general ↑ Nagarka: responsible for city admin PA ↑ Sitadhyakhsha: accounted for Agriculture I Samshthadhyaksha: responsible for market - Navaadhyksha: accounted for ships / Shulkadhyaksha: accounted for Toll Tax To check if people are following concepts -> of Dhamma ↑ Dhamma Mahamattas: New post created by Ashoka According to Megasthenes (as mentioned in Indica) ↑ Municipal admin: 6 committees/5 members each Army: of 6 committees/5 members each Provincial Administration C SS R A Society: 4 varnas According to Arthashastra According to Indica Women occupied a high position RM Society divided into: 7 varnas Part of Army No slavery Economy Ports Ashoka had lowered the tax values People didn’t had to Bali (voluntary West East PA offering) Bharuch Tamralipti Supara  One Liners (MCQs) - L Name used for the Indian subcontinent by ancient travellers like Megasthenes, Fa Hein, Huey Tsang, Al Beruni, Ibn Batuta, etc for active contribution of Indian traders: Suvarna Bhoomi Dynasty that ruled from 320 AD-550 AD: Gupta Dynasty C - ↑ Name of Ashoka’s daughter who carried out his duties of Buddhist missionary: SS Sanghamitra -> In Ceylon ↑ “Kantakasodhana”, type of court was present in: Mauryan Empire - Ashokan inscriptions in 1877 was published by: Alexander Cunningham (Father of the Archaeology) L R First empire to use elephants in war on large scale: Magadha A / ‘Atavika Rajya’ referred to: Forest Kingdom RM I Types of sacrifices performed in ancient India to establish a position: Vajapeya, Rajasuya, Ashwamedha & Ceylonese chronicle that acted as an important literary source of the Mauryan Empire PA