Matter review WB p.4-10 answers.pdf

CHAPTER _ 5: MATTER PART A - Physical + Chemical Properties: MATTER - is anything that takes up space and has mass - can exist in three possible states (solid, liquid + gas) PROPERTY - is a characteristic or qu...

CHAPTER _ 5: MATTER PART A - Physical + Chemical Properties: MATTER - is anything that takes up space and has mass - can exist in three possible states (solid, liquid + gas) PROPERTY - is a characteristic or quality used to describe matter Eg. diamond is hard Eg. water boils at 100°C QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES -properties that can be observed using the 5 senses -properties expressed in words Egs: colour texture state of matter odour lustre explosive nature hardness clarity taste QUANTITATIVE PROPERTIES -properties that involve a measurement Egs: mass melting point (m.p.) Ld c~ /D '" (.., length density -Ld St _ 7,.3 c ( Mf) time specific heat capacity ,.., ( ) s, 'J. 5'"'~ t.. lo f PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - properties that do not involve the formation of a new substance - can be qualitative or quantitative properties Eg. mercury (Hg) : - is an odourless liquid - has a lustre - has a low solubility in water - freezes at -39°C - is a metal  J 5 CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - are properties that tend to be unique eo,.f,~ - thus, can be used to help identify matter Eg. mercury (Hg) water (H20) density 13.5 g/cm3 melting point - 39°c 1.0 g/cm3 0°C 'iS.'t /u,,r 3 '°' boiling point 356°C /Of °C...._, 100°c specific heat capacity 12.~o :r/t-u e 4200 J/kg °C 320~·(.. ;.. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES - properties that do involve the formation of a new substance Egs: - sodium metal reacts violently with water - iron rusts - alcohol releases heat when burned PHYSICAL CHANGE - a change that does NOT ALTER THE IDENTITY of ) the substance but rather its physical form has been transformed Eg. melting ice into water: *In fact, all changes of state are physical !!! 1. freezing 3. boiling 5. sublimation (solid to gas) 2. melting 4. condensation 6. sublimation (gas· to solid)  CHEl\HCAL CHANGE - a change that DOES ALTER THE IDENTITY of the substance - that is, the original "particles" of matter (atoms or molecules) are re-combining to form new kinds of "particles" Eg. The Electrolysis of Water (chemical decomposition of water using electricity): H20 (1) + electricity + (water) (hydrogen gas) (oxygen gas) EXOTHERMIC CHANGES - changes that emit or produce heat - changes can be physical or chemical , however chemical changes usually produce enonnous amounts of heat when compared to physical changes Eg. H20 (1) H20 (s) + heat (freezing) * note (aq) means "aqueous" which in turn means "dissolved in water" Eg. C8H18 (I) + 0 2 (g) CO2 (g) + H20 (g) + HEAT (combustion · or burning) ENDOTHERMIC CHANGES - changes that absorb or require heat - changes can be physical or chemical Eg. the dissolving of ammonium nitrate (chemical cold pack) I.· Eg. Ba(OH)2 (s) + NH4SCN (s) + h~at Ba(SCN)2 (aq) + H2O + NH3 (g) *note: endothermic chemical changes are less common.  Signs of a Chemical Change 1. 2. 4. 5. Determine whether the following are examples of a physical or chemical change. Explain why. A) Boiling water B) Making Kool-aid C) Baking a cake D) Dry ice disappearing E) Grass growing on a lawn F) Food digestion H) Light produced from a bu.ming candle I) Light produced from a stove element  CLASS IFICAilON OF MATTEB MATTER Anything that has mass and occupies space. PURE SUBSTANCES - M4DE tU' OF o,,JLy has a uniform composition throughout 6N'£ K..iAl'J> oF IMPURE SUBSTANCES (MIXTURES)- D1FFE-~ components c:innot be separated by physical methods '\flrfl..Ttct;f.,. made up_of two or more substances t:.JA!J)$ t>F fArt,c. does not contain a uniform composition throughtJut 111-'ts 'C-lfll..Y components can be separated by physical methods Ct>;.,g/,vE:.D ELEMENTS I I COMPOUNDS simplest pure substance. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES I made up of two or more. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES cannot be broken down made up of two or more elements that are chemically (SOLUTIONS) into simpler substances by phases combined. ordinary chemical methods. made up of one phase only. That. Eg. Salt and pepper means can only be separated by Eg. copper Sand and water chemical methods oxygen. Eg.. carbon dioxide made up of a solute and a solvent. water The solute is DNl..'/ o,J£. i..t~"J> oi= 4-DI-( in the solvent. I 5 fl'3-/J&3.56rtfTS-b. Eg. Salt water i solute: solvent: I MECHANICAL MIXTURE I SUSPENSION. a mixture made up of two. COLLOIDS particles will settle to bottom. solids particles are so small that quickly. Eg. Chocolate chip cookie. they do not settle cloudy.. particles cannot be seen wit Eg. Orange juice thP, naked eye. They can b seen under a microscope. cloudy in appearance. Eg. Fog, milk Classify the following examples of matter as: 9 a) pure (element or compound) b) mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous) o"l.. 01.., ,Jl, A~ A.. V\ Av.. OL 0 'I.. ,J 1.- Al,\ Av... A'-L ALA- (I.A A"' 01.., 01.,. N1.. N1... Av.... ~IA. Ao- O'f.'/ H-t.O \NA1Jfl V1rJe&1tR-. b IL -f- WA-T£./l a _, +1 (.,(, ~12 0 (,. 1v:' J\J~ (,""' (.""- c....... ~l~, 2 Df,., +l A], (Jl -t CR.. CUI.. c""' G.... (," tJ, l DCs, ,JC:'