Math 1st PT Reviewer PDF

**MATH 1^st^ PT REVIEWER** Percent -- comes from the word "per centum" which means "per hundred" Percentage -- Is the part of the whole obtained by multiplying the whole by the given rate. Base -- the quantity that represents the whole. It is the total or the original number. Rate -- Is also the...

**MATH 1^st^ PT REVIEWER** Percent -- comes from the word "per centum" which means "per hundred" Percentage -- Is the part of the whole obtained by multiplying the whole by the given rate. Base -- the quantity that represents the whole. It is the total or the original number. Rate -- Is also the part of the base written in percent, in fraction or decimal form. The relation ship among percentage, base, rate can be seen in the PBR triangle when one of them is missing. **ALWAYS REMEMBER:** BASE Percentage ÷ Rate ------------ ------------------- RATE Percentage ÷ Base PERCENTAGE Base x Rate - - Discount - is a deduction from the original cost of an item - D = Price x Rate of discount - Commission -- sales commission is the additional income - C = Sale x Rate of commission - Sales tax -- defined as the tax on sales on the receipts from sales - T = Cost x Rate of tax - Interest = interest charge that borrowers pay to lenders for a loan. - Interest = Principal x Rate x Time **PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE & DECREASE** Percentage Increase -- a way to express a value which has gone up by a certain amount. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Example:** | **(Original Value x Rate) | | | Original Value + the increased | | **80 x 10% = 80** | value** | | | | | **80 + 8 = 88** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Percentage Decrease **-- a way to express a value that has gone down by a certain amount.** +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **EXAMPLE:** | | | | - **First: 25 -- 20 = 5** | | | | - **25 is the original price,** | | | | - **So 5 divided by 25 is 2** | | | | - **(100 x 0.2) = Answer is 20%** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **PRACTICE YOURSELF: circle the answer** **1. A bakery is having a sale on bread. If the original price of a loaf is \$2.50 and it\'s discounted by 15%, how much will you pay for the loaf?** **A) \$2.13 B) \$2.25 C) \$2.37 D) \$2.50** **2. A bookshelf has 5 shelves, and each shelf can hold 8 books. If the bookshelf is currently empty, what is the base number of books it can hold?** **A) 5 B) 8 C) 40 D) 10** **3. A car travels 240 miles in 4 hours. What is its rate of speed in miles per hour?** **A) 40 mph B) 50 mph C) 60 mph D) 80 mph** **4. The term \"percent\" means \"per hundred\".** A. **True B. False** **5. A base rate is a rate that is subject to change.** A. **True B. False** **6. A percentage decrease is always a negative value.** A. **True B. False**