Material Selection PDF

Materials and design Material selection process Dr.sc.ing. Anita Gerina-Ancane How many materials are used? How many materials are used? Pneumatic Riveting wrench How many materials are used? How many materials are used? Riveting wrench Pneumatic Riveting Bicycle...

Materials and design Material selection process Dr.sc.ing. Anita Gerina-Ancane How many materials are used? How many materials are used? Pneumatic Riveting wrench How many materials are used? How many materials are used? Riveting wrench Pneumatic Riveting Bicycle wrench Metal Metal Metal Polymer Polymer Rubber Rubber Textile  Product RECOILLESS HAMMER for smoothing thin materials Polymer material (polyamide). Provide shock resistance and wear resistance. Gentle rebound. Steel. Provides strength of the body. Wood. Tool handle. Comfortable grip, natural material. Danish Architecture Center Mycelial material (mushroom mycelium, hemp, sawdust)  What influences product design? Nothing is static, everything is variable Designer seeks to optimize a design to best meet the needs of today’s markets. Before the optimization is complete, the boundary conditions - the forces that influence the design decisions – shift, requiring re-direction and re-optimization.  Design material optimization advantages Material reduction lower product weight lower material costs (possibly) The Role of Science. Science reveals new technologies, from these technologies emerge new materials and processes. These, in turn, stimulate new opportunities for product design  Areas that contribute to the development of new materials Space industry Construction industry Chemistry industry themselves or Telecomunication industry interconnected Product design industry Recycling industry  Material properties in relation to their structure Abrasion resistance Strength Plasticity Thermal conductivity Electrical conductivity Must know the technological processes of the chosen material, the principles of "connecting" different materials Sustainability and the Environment End-of-life options building on the material lifecycle  Material evolution The influences on product design discussed earlier – technology, the environment, the investment climate, and industrial design – result in an evolution in the use of materials for a given product or product class. Kettles cast iron – brass – stainless steel – polypropylene Early cameras were made from wood, brass, leather, and, of course, glass. wood – metal – plastic – paper Material according to its functionality Metal Paper (once used) Metalized polymer (spy camera) Elastomer / polymer (waterproff) o For children o Underwater tourism o Instant (photo’s immediate printout) o Fashion accessory  The right choice of material plays a major role in the functionality of product design. Design creativity requires observation and perception through the following components: Product aesthetic attributes – Association Attributes – Visible Attributes – Emotional Attributes  Product aesthetic attributes Refers to vision, touch, taste, scent hearing Human vision includes the shape, color and texture of the product material (structure, set of structural features)  Association Attributes Connects to time, place, event, person or culture, such as: – Jeep is associated with the military – Gold – wealth – Green – nature, ecology, etc.  Visible Attributes Describes the reaction of a material or product – whether it is sophisticated, modern or ridiculous. It is the sum of reactions from the originally perceived, read (description, advertising) and experience acquired.  Emotional Attributes Describes how material or product makes you feel - happy, sad, perhaps threatened - “emotional ergonomics” Richard Seymour words SeymourPowell, Londona.  Design process Initially, the design starts from a new idea – a bulb, a compact mobile phone, etc. Usually, the design is adaptive, based on the existing concept, looking for additional elements through its improvement.  The starting point of design is to identify market needs  Materials in Design Process The design of a product proceeds from an identification and clarification of the task through concept, development, and detailed design to a final product specification. Initially all materials (of which there are perhaps 100,000 in all) are candidates. Technical constraints (center) and constraints of industrial design (right) narrow the choice, leading to a small number that can be explored in detail.  Material collections Libraries of material samples come and go. Those listed here were current at the time of writing.  Creativity Brainstorming Sketching and CAD Model-Making and Prototyping Testing Positive Feedback The interaction of materials research, suppliers, and designers  Material Selection (1) by analysis; (2) by synthesis; (3) by similarity; and (4) by inspiration  A Material/Process Matrix for Bicycles The matrix suggests possible combinations of material and process; the empty spaces represent opportunities or limitations.  Should be a feedback from costumer, because the selected material may not provide functionality during the product life cycle. Materials that has been created for providing design functions and parameters Materials time-line The materials of the two lamps mapped onto the periodic table. Critical materials are colored red, other materials used in the product are in darker yellow. The elements in an electrical device of the 1950s and those in a present- day phone mapped onto the periodic table. Critical materials are colored red, other materials used in the product are in darker yellow. The elements in an early aircraft engine and a gas turbine of today mapped onto the periodic table. Critical materials are colored red, other materials used in the product are in darker yellow.  Refining and synthesising materials is energy intensive – some 21% of all the energy we use is used to make materials The global population is increasing, and the affluence of this population is rising at the same time. With increased affluence comes increase in consumption, so, unless we can find ways to stop it, the consumption of materials and energy will rise considerably faster than the population itself Composition of chemical elements of television  Mobile phones have critical elements Their five concentrations are listed in the table «Daudzi cilvēki dod priekšroku pirmajam, jo tas ir ātrs (apmēram 8 sekundes) un tīrs. Bet daudzi pakalpojumu sniedzēji dod priekšroku otrajam (žāvēšanas laiks vismaz 45 sekundes), jo tas prasa mazāku uzmanību. Izpētiet abus, uzskaitot katru par ilgtspējīgākas tehnoloģijas izpausmi, nevis vienkārši noslaukot rokas uz biksēm.» Britu dizainers Džeimss Daisons ražo elektrisko žāvētāju, kas sausina rokas gandrīz tikpat ātri kā papīra dvieļi (10 sekundes). Vai tā ir ilgtspējīgāka ilgtspējīgas tehnoloģijas formulēšana?  Material selection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1BpNasM-os  IDEO IDEO is a global design company "We believe a better future is for all of us to design” «We are a community of designers, entrepreneurs, engineers, teachers, researchers and others. Our shared values and beliefs inform our work and the impact we hope to achieve.” www.ideo.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KK958OkD6g Corian Melamine Recycled products Materials and Design: The Art and Science of Material Selection in Product Design Mike Ashby and Kara Johnson  Making material design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrT6v5sOwJg Research Innovation and Technology Center for New Materials https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WSKuH6AsPc New Materials for a Better Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNoH0xj61CE Individual practical task Choose one product with more than four materials Sketch or show a product picture Describe materials physical properties and functions Product material’s lifecycle – recycling or giving a second life