Material Science Multiple Choice Questions PDF

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer Multiple Choice Questions with Answers 1. What is the primary focus of materials science in engineering? o A) Economic analysis o B) Aesthetic appeal o C) Understanding and applying...

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer Multiple Choice Questions with Answers 1. What is the primary focus of materials science in engineering? o A) Economic analysis o B) Aesthetic appeal o C) Understanding and applying the properties of materials o D) Environmental impact 2. Which of the following is NOT a classification of materials? o A) Metals o B) Ceramics o C) Polymers o D) Fluids 3. What type of bonding is characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms? o A) Ionic bonding o B) Covalent bonding o C) Metallic bonding o D) Van der Waals bonding 4. Which property is directly influenced by atomic structure? o A) Color o B) Thermal conductivity o C) Electrical conductivity o D) Density 5. What is a unit cell? o A) The smallest repeating unit in a crystal lattice o B) The largest repeating unit in a polymer o C) A single molecule in a liquid o D) A defect in a crystal structure 6. Which type of crystal structure is most common in metals? o A) Body-centered cubic o B) Hexagonal close-packed o C) Face-centered cubic o D) Simple cubic 7. What is the term for the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically? o A) Yield strength o B) Ultimate strength o C) Fracture strength o D) Elastic limit 8. Which test measures the hardness of a material? 1  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer o A) Tensile test o B) Charpy test o C) Brinell test o D) Fatigue test 9. What is the effect of increasing temperature on the electrical conductivity of metals? o A) It increases o B) It decreases o C) It remains constant o D) It fluctuates 10. What is the main mechanism of heat transfer in metals? o A) Convection o B) Radiation o C) Conduction o D) Evaporation 11. Which diagram is used to represent phase changes in materials? o A) Stress-strain diagram o B) Phase diagram o C) Ellingham diagram o D) P-V diagram 12. Which property of materials is most affected by the presence of a magnetic field? o A) Thermal conductivity o B) Dielectric constant o C) Magnetization o D) Toughness 13. What is the primary cause of corrosion in metals? o A) High temperature o B) High humidity o C) Chemical reactions with the environment o D) Ultraviolet radiation 14. Which method is commonly used to prevent corrosion in metals? o A) Polishing o B) Galvanizing o C) Annealing o D) Quenching 15. What is the main consideration in material selection for engineering applications? o A) Cost o B) Color o C) Mechanical properties 2  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer o D) Density 16. What are nanomaterials known for? o A) High weight o B) Large particle size o C) Unique properties at the nanoscale o D) High density 17. Which of the following is NOT an advanced material? o A) Nanomaterials o B) Biomaterials o C) Metals o D) Smart materials 18. Which practice is important for sustainability in material engineering? o A) Increasing waste production o B) Using non-renewable resources o C) Recycling materials o D) Ignoring environmental impact 19. What is a significant challenge in recycling materials? o A) High energy consumption o B) Increasing material strength o C) Reducing material costs o D) Enhancing material color 20. What is the role of composite materials in engineering? o A) To increase weight o B) To combine properties of different materials o C) To decrease cost o D) To simplify manufacturing 21. What kind of crystal defect involves an extra half-plane of atoms? o A) Vacancy o B) Interstitial o C) Dislocation o D) Substitutional 22. Which of the following is a property of polymers? o A) High melting point o B) High electrical conductivity o C) High flexibility o D) High density 23. What is the main disadvantage of ceramics? o A) Low thermal resistance o B) High ductility 3  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer o C) Brittleness o D) High electrical conductivity 24. Which phase transformation involves a change from solid to liquid? o A) Melting o B) Sublimation o C) Deposition o D) Condensation 25. What is the primary advantage of smart materials? o A) They are cost-effective o B) They respond to environmental changes o C) They have a high melting point o D) They are easy to manufacture 26. Which property of materials is important for thermal expansion control? o A) Coefficient of thermal expansion o B) Electrical resistivity o C) Magnetic susceptibility o D) Optical transmittance 27. What is the term for the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing? o A) Toughness o B) Hardness o C) Malleability o D) Ductility 28. Which material is typically used for high-temperature applications due to its thermal stability? o A) Polymers o B) Ceramics o C) Metals o D) Composites 29. What is the main factor in the thermal conductivity of a material? o A) Atomic mass o B) Crystal structure o C) Bonding type o D) Electron mobility 30. Which is NOT a factor that affects corrosion rate? o A) Temperature o B) Humidity o C) Material color o D) pH level 4  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer 31. What is the main disadvantage of using metallic bonds? o A) Low electrical conductivity o B) High melting point o C) Brittleness o D) Limited ductility 32. Which type of material is most likely to exhibit a high strength-to-weight ratio? o A) Metals o B) Polymers o C) Ceramics o D) Composites 33. What is the effect of adding carbon to iron? o A) Decreases hardness o B) Increases ductility o C) Forms steel o D) Reduces strength 34. Which property is critical for materials used in electrical insulation? o A) High electrical conductivity o B) Low dielectric strength o C) High dielectric strength o D) Low thermal expansion 35. What is the main function of a phase diagram? o A) To show mechanical properties o B) To display thermal properties o C) To illustrate phase stability regions o D) To indicate electrical conductivity 36. What type of material typically exhibits a glass transition temperature? o A) Metals o B) Ceramics o C) Polymers o D) Composites 37. What is the benefit of using biomaterials? o A) They are inexpensive o B) They are bio-compatible o C) They have high electrical conductivity o D) They are easy to recycle 38. Which property is important for materials in magnetic applications? o A) High thermal conductivity o B) High magnetization o C) Low density 5  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer o D) High elasticity 39. What is the role of elasticity in material selection? o A) It determines color o B) It affects flexibility o C) It influences thermal expansion o D) It controls electrical conductivity 40. Which type of material is most likely to corrode in an acidic environment? o A) Ceramics o B) Polymers o C) Metals o D) Composites 41. What is the primary application of dielectric materials? o A) Conducting electricity o B) Insulating electricity o C) Conducting heat o D) Enhancing magnetism 42. Which property of a material is measured by its Young's modulus? o A) Hardness o B) Elasticity o C) Toughness o D) Plasticity 43. What is the term for the resistance of a material to permanent deformation?  A) Ductility  B) Toughness  C) Hardness  D) Brittleness 44. Which material property is typically measured using a tensile test?  A) Hardness  B) Ultimate tensile strength  C) Fatigue limit  D) Impact resistance 45. What property describes the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed?  A) Elasticity  B) Plasticity  C) Ductility  D) Toughness 46. Which of the following is a common method for testing the toughness of a material? 6  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer  A) Rockwell test  B) Charpy test  C) Brinell test  D) Hardness test 47. What is a major advantage of using aluminum in electrical applications?  A) High density  B) Lightweight and good conductivity  C) High melting point  D) Corrosion resistance 48. Which type of composite material combines fibers and a matrix?  A) Metal matrix composites  B) Polymer matrix composites  C) Ceramics matrix composites  D) All of the above 49. What is the primary reason for heat treatment of metals?  A) To decrease weight  B) To improve mechanical properties  C) To enhance electrical conductivity  D) To change color 50. What is the primary function of a heat sink in electronic devices?  A) To conduct electricity  B) To dissipate heat  C) To insulate components  D) To store energy 51. Which type of polymer is known for its high thermal stability?  A) Thermoplastics  B) Thermosetting plastics  C) Elastomers  D) Biopolymers 52. In semiconductor materials, what are the two types of charge carriers?  A) Electrons and holes  B) Protons and neutrons  C) Ions and atoms  D) Photons and electrons 53. What is the critical aspect of materials used in aerospace applications?  A) High density  B) Low cost  C) High strength-to-weight ratio  D) Color 7  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer 54. Which of the following is a characteristic of a superconductor?  A) High electrical resistance  B) Zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature  C) Low thermal conductivity  D) High magnetic permeability 55. What is the primary function of a dielectric material in capacitors?  A) To conduct electricity  B) To store electrical energy  C) To dissipate heat  D) To provide structural support 56. What is the term for the temperature at which a material transitions from ductile to brittle behavior?  A) Melting point  B) Glass transition temperature  C) Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature  D) Yield strength 57. Which type of analysis is used to assess the fatigue life of materials?  A) Static analysis  B) Dynamic analysis  C) Thermal analysis  D) Chemical analysis 58. What is the primary characteristic of polymers compared to metals?  A) Higher density  B) Higher melting point  C) Lower Young's modulus  D) Higher thermal conductivity 59. In terms of mechanical properties, what does the term "creep" refer to?  A) Slow, time-dependent deformation under constant stress  B) Sudden fracture under impact  C) Rapid elastic deformation  D) Temporary deformation that recovers 60. What is the primary advantage of using titanium in engineering applications?  A) High density  B) Low melting point  C) High strength-to-weight ratio  D) Low cost 61. Which of the following materials is commonly used for electrical contacts due to its excellent conductivity?  A) Aluminum 8  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer  B) Silver  C) Gold  D) Copper 62. What is a common method for producing thin films in semiconductor fabrication?  A) Casting  B) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)  C) Forging  D) Extrusion 63. What is the term for the phenomenon where materials return to their original state after the load is removed?  A) Plastic deformation  B) Elastic deformation  C) Creep  D) Fracture 64. Which material property is critical for materials used in high-frequency applications?  A) Ductility  B) Toughness  C) Low loss tangent  D) High thermal conductivity 65. What is the primary purpose of using a filler material in welding?  A) To reduce weight  B) To add strength and integrity to the joint  C) To improve aesthetic appearance  D) To conduct electricity 66. What is the primary characteristic of piezoelectric materials?  A) They are highly ductile  B) They are good electrical insulators  C) They generate an electric charge under mechanical stress  D) They have high thermal conductivity 67. What type of failure occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading?  A) Brittle fracture  B) Fatigue failure  C) Creep failure  D) Ductile rupture 68. Which material is known for its excellent wear resistance?  A) Steel  B) Aluminum  C) Tungsten carbide 9  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer  D) Copper 69. What is the phenomenon where a material absorbs moisture from the environment?  A) Creep  B) Fracture  C) Hygroscopy  D) Fatigue 70. Which type of glass is commonly used in electronic devices for its thermal and electrical properties?  A) Soda-lime glass  B) Borosilicate glass  C) Lead glass  D) Fused quartz 71. What is the main disadvantage of using glass as a material?  A) High thermal conductivity  B) Low aesthetic appeal  C) Brittleness  D) High cost 72. Which property is essential for materials used in thermal barrier coatings?  A) High density  B) High electrical conductivity  C) Low thermal conductivity  D) High ductility 73. What is the term for the process of removing material from a workpiece to create desired shapes?  A) Molding  B) Machining  C) Forming  D) Casting 74. Which of the following is a common method for improving the toughness of a metal?  A) Increasing carbon content  B) Heat treatment  C) Reducing grain size  D) Alloying with lead 75. What is the term for a material's ability to conduct electricity due to the movement of ions?  A) Electrical conductivity  B) Thermal conductivity  C) Ionic conductivity 10  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Material Science Multiple Choice Question and Answer  D) Magnetic conductivity 76. What is the primary reason for using polymers in the insulation of electrical wires?  A) Low cost  B) High thermal conductivity  C) High electrical resistivity  D) Light weight 77. Which type of welding process uses an electric arc to melt the workpieces together?  A) Soldering  B) Arc welding  C) Brazing  D) Riveting 78. What is the main factor influencing the mechanical properties of a composite material?  A) The type of resin used  B) The orientation of the fibers  C) The thickness of the matrix  D) The color of the fibers 79. What is the primary characteristic of a material that exhibits superplasticity?  A) High brittleness  B) Low ductility  C) Ability to undergo large strains without necking  D) High thermal conductivity 80. Which of the following materials is typically used for high-voltage electrical insulation?  A) Metals  B) Porcelain  C) Wood  D) Glass 11