Mastering Science 1B Unit 6 Atmosphere (Part 2) PDF

 Weather Variability Weather Forecasting Changes in Global Climate  A thunderstorm is a weather phenomenon involving heavy rain with lightning and thunder, and sometimes strong winds and hail. It forms when there is moisture and rising unstable air. There are three stages in the...

 Weather Variability Weather Forecasting Changes in Global Climate  A thunderstorm is a weather phenomenon involving heavy rain with lightning and thunder, and sometimes strong winds and hail. It forms when there is moisture and rising unstable air. There are three stages in the formation of a thunderstorm. Cumulus stage Mature stage Dissipating stage  During a thunderstorm, positive and negative charges build up in the cloud. The difference in charges creates lightning. Lighting can occur Lighting can occur Lighting can occur between within a cloud. between two clouds. a cloud and the ground. A lightning strike can heat up the air, and cause it to expand so fast and explode. The sound from this explosion of air is called thunder.  IOS Android https://www.aksorn.com/qrcode/7w32601  They are strong rotating storms that causes heavy rain and strong winds in tropical areas. They form over warm waters when there is high humidity and sea temperatures over 26 ํC. Over warm waters, warm Cool air blows in to This rotation causes large moist air rises and replace the warm air. clouds to form. condenses to form clouds. The wind created rotates With enough moisture, the around a center point. clouds grow into a tropical cyclone.  It is the ring of clouds Warm moist air Eyewall Eyewall around the eye. Cool air It has the strongest winds and heaviest rain. Eye Eye It is the center of the tropical cyclone. It is calm, with no They are the outermost clouds of the storm. clouds and slow winds. Rainbands Rainbands They produce strong winds and bursts of rain.  IOS Android https://www.aksorn.com/qrcode/7w32602  Due to the rotation of the Earth, tropical cyclones spin differently as shown : Storms spin counterclockwise The strongest winds and heaviest in the Northern Hemisphere. precipitation are found here. Storms spin clockwise in Eyewall the Southern Hemisphere.  Typhoon/Hurricane Tropical storm Tropical depression The wind speed reaches The wind speed reaches The wind speed reaches 65 knots (118 km/h) or higher. 34 - 64 knots (63-117 km/h). 34 knots (63 km/h) or less.  North Atlantic Ocean SouthTyphoon Gulf of Pacific Ocean Hurricane Caribbean Mexico Sea South China Sea Indian North Pacific Ocean Ocean South Cyclone Atlantic Ocean  To describe weather, the elements of weather are measured and used to create weather forecasts. Weather forecasting gives information on:  A weather map displays the atmospheric conditions of an area at a given time. Some common symbols used on weather maps are: 1. Wind speed, wind 2. Air temperature shown 3. Atmospheric pressure direction and cloud cover by red numbers plotted with isobars. They are plotted together and are represented by the symbol: It is plotted to the nearest whole degree It is plotted with isobars. Pressure areas are shown Celsius, and given by the red numbers on with H (high-pressure area) or L (low-pressure area). the map. Isobar Low-pressure area High-pressure area Temperature Cloud cover Wind direction Wind speed  Transportation Agriculture Natural disaster warning Provides important weather Helps farmers to plan for Keeps us informed and information to pilots, sailors irrigation and know when to well-prepared in case of and fishermen apply fertilizers or pesticides natural disasters  Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, preventing it from escaping into space. This trapped heat keeps the Earth warm. this process is the greenhouse effect. More greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to more heat trapped. As a result, global temperatures will increase.  Carbon dioxide (CO2) Released from wetlands, Nitrousrice, growing oxide O) (N2cattle, raising Released Methane by chemical (CH ) and using natural gas. factories, power plants 4 Released from the burning and plant fertilizers. ofOzone fossil fuels, (O ) biomass and cement 3production. It is the biggest cause of global warming. Pollutants from vehicles, factories, and fossil fuel react in the presence of sunlight to form ozone. Gases made Frombythehumans and used as refrigerants evaporation in refrigerators, of water,freezers, and air conditioners. and plant Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Aerosol transpiration. cans also use gases containingWater CFCs. vapor  Some greenhouse gases destroy ozone in the atmosphere. This depleted ozone region is known as the ozone hole. UV radiation breaks down CFCs and frees chlorine atoms. Chlorine atoms break down ozone into oxygen (O2). The depleted ozone layer blocks less UV-B radiations.  Heavy precipitation and Droughts are common due Sea levels are rising due to storms are more common to changing weather patterns melting ice sheets Diseases spread rapidly Destruction of habitats due to warmer temperatures threatens plants and animals