MAPEH 9 Music of the Romantic Period PDF

MAPEH 9 THIRD QUARTER MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD Romantic music refers to Western music composed in the late 18th century to the 19th century. Nationalism was incorporated in the music of the Romantic period. Th...

MAPEH 9 THIRD QUARTER MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD Romantic music refers to Western music composed in the late 18th century to the 19th century. Nationalism was incorporated in the music of the Romantic period. Therein, the use of folk tunes, folk styles, legendary folk heroes that identify composer’s culture, political, moral and social orientation. Romantic music dominated in the Europe especially in Germany. Performance practice deals on how music was being performed and being created. Violin and Strings Music Niccolo Paganini became the most famous violin virtuoso in the world. An Italian, who was musically skilled player of Mandolin at six-year-old and shifted his training to violin at age of seven. His violin teachers could not keep up with the progress of his violin skills that he kept on transferring from one violin teacher to another. Famous Works: La Campanella, The Carnival of Venice and 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1 Piano Music 1. Frederic Chopin was enthusiastically play piano at age 4 and composed Polonaise at age of 7. He was known as the “Poet of the Piano”. His music is characterized by its beautiful tone, rhythmic flexibility, grace, and elegance. His compositions like mazurkas and polonaise express his love for Poland. Famous Works: Polonaise, Fantasie in F minor, and Revolutionary Etude. 2. Franz Liszt was known for his symphonic poems where he translated great literary works into musical compositions. He also made of operas piano transcriptions and famous symphonies. During his early twenties he heard the virtuoso violinist Niccolo Paganini performed and so he decided to spend himself in becoming a virtuoso pianist. Famous Works: “Hungarian Rhapsodies” (originally written for solo piano but many were arranged for orchestra or other combinations of instruments. The Hungarian Rhapsody no. 2 is most popular and was the basis for the “Tom & Jerry” cartoon called “Cat Concerto”. Liebestraume no. 3 3. Robert Alexander Schumann was a composer and a music critic. He beautifully combined music and words that remarkedly made him famous. His father wanted him to study law but he spent his time with musical and literary circles through the effort of Friedrich Wieck who took some time to teach Schumann how to play the piano. Famous Works: “Kinderszenen”, Opus 15 (poetic series of evocations of a child’s work, “Abegg Variations”, Opus 1, and “Carnaval”, Opus 9 (portrait of a masked ball attended by his allies and his beloved Clara Program Music It is an instrumental composition that conveys images or scenes to tell a short story without text or lyrics. It entices the imagination of the listener. The program music brought a listener into different state of emotion. The musical elements influence various application in each movement to complete the story with different condition emotion and expression. 1. Hector Berloiz a French Romantic composer who became known and famous in his musical composition, the five-movement symphony called Symphonie Fantastique. He showcased the important features in his composition in creating tone color. He assembles hundreds of musicians to produce a powerful sound. In most of his compositions, the tone color as the basic part of his musical language. Sequence of Symphonie Fantastique MOVEMENT TITLE TEMPO FORM 1st MOVEMENT Reveries/Passion Largo (slow introduction) Allegro agitato e appasionado assai (agitated and very ipassioned allegro) 2nd MOVEMENT A Ball Allegro non troppo ABA form The second movement is waltz 3rd MOVEMENT Scene in the Country Adagio waltz ABA Coda Form 4th MOVEMENT March to the Scaffold Allegreto non troppo Composed of two different themes 5th MOVEMENT Dream of a Witches Larghetto allegro Most fantastic of the movement Sabbath 2. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky a Russian who was a big fan of Mozart and known of his ballet music. He studied law and became a law clerk in Petersburg. He studied music at conservatory and he continued his music career in New York. He became famous after composing the musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and Juliet”. He composed haunting melodies and used a great deal of folk music in his symphonic works. Famous Works: Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and Sleeping Beauty 3. Camille Saint-Saens was considered as a composer who creates elegant music, neat, clean, polished and never excessive. As an organist and one of the best pianists of his time, he sat very still at the piano and played gracefully and cool. Famous Works: Carnival of the Animals, Danse Macabre and The Swan Program Symphony A program symphony is an orchestral composition that relays ideas or narrates story. These are Don Quixote, Romeo and Juliet and Fantastique Symphony. ARTS OF THE NEOCLASSIC AND ROMANTIC PERIODS NEOCLASSICISM The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning “new” and the Latin word classicus which is similar in meaning to the English phrase” first class”. The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicism. The Neoclassical movement coincided with 18 th century Age of Reason also known as the Age of Enlightenment. Characteristics: Portrayal of Roman history Local color Formal composition Overall lighting Use of diagonals to show the peak od na emotion or moment Classic geo-structure Neoclassical Painting Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic portrayals. Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the costumes, settings, and details of classical subject-matter without adding distracting details but with as much historical accuracy as possible. Artists: 1. Jacques- Louis David He was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style and considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era. His subjects of paintings were more on history. Famous Works: The Death of Marat – shows the portrayal of a revolutionary martyr Napoleon Crossing the Alps – showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass Oath of Horaiti – depicts a scene from A Roman legend about the dispute between Roam and Alba Longa 2. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres He was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. His paintings were usually nudes, portraits, and mythological themes. He was regarded as one of the great exemplars of academic art and one of the finest Old Masters of his era. Famous Works: Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne – depicts Napoleon in his decadent costume, seated upon his golden-encrusted throne. The Apotheosis of Homer- depicts an image of Homer, receiving all the brilliant men of Rome, Greece, and contemporary times Neoclassical Sculptures Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great or inspiration as well as to mimic their style. Neo-classical sculptors 1. Antonio Canova He was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous for hid marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. He opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his mythological compositions. Famous Works: Psyche Awaked by Cupid’s Kiss – portrays the relationship of Psyche and Cupid Washington – marble sculpture of Washington currently displayed at North Carolina Museum of History 2. Bertel Thorvaldsen He was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. He executed sculptures of mythological and religious themes characters. Famous Works: Christ – image of resurrected Christ currently located at the Thorvaldsen Museum Lon of Lucerne – sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss Guards who were massacred during the French Revolution Neo-classical Architecture This was a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Type of Neoclassical Architecture: Temple Style - Building design was based on an ancient temple. - Architects of that period focused mainly on applying classical elements to churches and modern buildings like palazzos and villas. - Buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line of columns around a building), a rare feature of Renaissance architecture. Palladian Style - Based on Andrea Palladio’s style of villa construction. - Buildings feature a balustrade “balusters” or spindles” which is a railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. It is also having a flat or low-lying roof. - It is also a classical method of crowning a building that has a flat or low-lying roof. Classical Block Style - buildings feature a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. - The exterior features a repeated classical pattern or series of arches and/or columns. - The overall impression of such a building was a huge, classically decorated rectangular block. ROMANTICISM (1800s – 1810s) Romanticism was a movement in which the artists of Neoclassical period sought to break new ground in the expression of emotion, both subtle and stormy. Landscape painting also became more popular in the Romantic period due to the peoples’ romantic adoration of nature. Characteristics: shows the height of action dramatic compositions emotional extremes heightened sensation (life and death moments) celebrated nature as out of control Romantic Painting The painting of the Romantic Period gave more emphasis on emotion. Painters 1. Jean Louis Theodore Gericault He was the first French master and the leader of the French realistic school. His masterpieces were energetic, powerful, brilliantly colroed, and tightly composed. Famous Works: The Raft of Medusa – portrays the victim of a contemporary shipwreck Charging Chasseur – first major work which revealed the influence of the style of Rubens and an interest in the depiction of contemporary subject matter Insane Woman – portrait of a mentally disabled woman that has a peculiar hypnotic power 2. Eugene Delacroix He was considered the greatest French Romantic painter of all time. He achieved brilliant visual effects using small, adjacent strokes of contrasting color. Famous Works: Liberty Leading the People – depicts a woman holding the flag of the French Revolution personifies Liberty and leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen. 3. Francisco Goya He was a commissioned Romantic painter by the King of Spain. He was a printmaker regarded both as the last of the Old Masters” and the first of the “Moderns”. Famous Works: The Third of May – commemorates the Spanish resistance to Napoleon’s armies during the Peninsular War Saturn Devouring His Son – depicts Greek myth of the Titan Cronus (Saturn), who fears that he would be overthrown by one of his children, so he ate each one upon their birth. Landscape Painting – depicts the physical world that surrounds us and includes features such as mountains, valleys, vegetations, and bodies of water. Famous Landscape artists 1. Theodore Rousseau – Der Kleine Fischer and Landscape with a Plowman 2. Jean Baptiste-Camille Corot - famous paintings were The Church of Marissel, near Beauvais and Le repos sous les saules Roman Sculpture 1. Francois Rude – best known for his social art which aimed to inspire and capture the interest of a broad public. Famous Artworks: Departure of the Volunteers – portrays the goddess liberty urging the forces of the French Revolution onward Jeanne d’Arc 2. Antoine-Louis Barye - He was the most famous animal sculptor of all time. Famous works: Hercules Sitting on a Bal and Theseus Slaying the Minotaur GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE (NEOGOTHIC) Gothic Revival, also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo-Gothic, is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. Heavily castellated Neogothic buildings have been often referred to as “castles”, even though they never served as a defensive structure. Among them was Strawberry Hill House (demolished and restored), the most famous work of the decorative phase of the Gothic Revival. Artists who used Neogothic Style: 1. Charles Barry – the name behind the Britain’s foremost Gothic Revival monument, the Westminster Palace (the Houses of the Parliament) 2. James Renwick – his crowning American work is the St. Patricks’ Cathedral in New York Neo-Classicism and Romanticism in the Philippines Félix Hidalgo He was one of the great Filipino painters of the late 19th century who was significant in the Philippine history for inspiring members of the Philippine reform movement. He painted the The Christian Virgins Being Exposed to the Populace, the painting depicts two Christian female slaves being mocked by male Roman bystanders. Juan Luna He was a painter and sculptor, who became one of the first recognized Philippine artists. He was also a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. One of his famous artworks was the Spoliarium, a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum wherein the fallen and dying gladiators were dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions. Fernando Cueto Amorsolo He was a National Artist in painting. He was portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes, and he was popularly known for his craftsmanship and mastery of the use of light. He was a dominant figure in the visual arts of the Philippines during the decades before the Second World War and into the post-war period. The Planting Rice exhibits the happiness across from the difficulties in planting rice. Guillermo Estrella Tolentino He was a sculptor and was named National Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973 and is hailed as the “Father of Philippine Arts.” He is the artist of the UP Oblation in the University of the Philippines. Napoleón Abueva He is a National artist for Sculpture. He was entitled as the “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture.” He has been the only Boholano to be given the distinction of National Artist of the Philippines in the field of Visual Arts. He is the sculptor of the Siyam na Diwata ng Sining. Note: Classicism refers to the art forms produced in antiquity or inspired by it afterward, while Neoclassicism refers to the art forms inspired by ancient times, but created later. FESTIVAL DANCES Festivals in the Philippines, renowned for their grand, colorful festivals, are an important aspect of the local culture. A variety of festivals celebrated here are religious based, considering the Spanish influence on Catholicism in the Philippines. Festival dances are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments by a community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a Patron Saint or in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. Festival dances may be religious or secular in nature. RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS Name of Festival Place of Origin Religious Figure Honored Month Celebrated Sinulog Festival Cebu City Sto. Niño January Dinagyang Festival Iloilo City Sto. Niño January Ati-atihan Festival Kalibo, Aklan Sto. Niño January Peñafrancia Bicol Virgin Mary September Higantes Festival Angono, Rizal Saint Clement November Longganisa Festival Viga City, locos Sur Saint Paul January Kinabayo Festival Dapitan City James the Great July Pintados de Passi Passi City, Iloilo Sto. Niño March Pattarradday Santiago City Señor San Tiago May Sanyaw Festival Tacloban Sto. Niño July SECULAR/NON-RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS Name of Festival Place of Origin Religious Figure Honored Month Celebrated Bangus Festival Dagupan, Pangasinan Milkfish Industry April to May Bambanti Festival Isabela Scarecrow (farming) January Mammangui Festival City of Ilagan Corn Industry May Mango Festival Iba, Zambales Mango Industry April Panagbenga Festival Baguio City Flower Industry February Ibon Ebon Festival Pampanga Migratory Birds Egg Industry February Masskara Bacolod City Mask (Sugar Industry) October T’nalak South Cotabato Tinalak Cloth Weaving July Ammungan Festival Nueva Vizcaya Gathering of Tribal Industries May Binatbatan Festival Vigan, Ilocos Sur Weaving Industry May FUNDAMENTAL RHYTHMS The skills in a fundamental rhythm program are important in setting the basis for the more precise dance skills of folk, social, and creative dances. It is also related to effective movement in all forms of living. A. Locomotor Movements-these are movements that allow you to move from one point in space to another. a. Step – is the basis of all locomotor movements. It prepares you to move in any direction you wish to go. It is defined as transfer of weight from one foot to the other. b. Walk – series of steps executed by both of your feet alternately in any direction. In executing a walk, observe that there’s this moment when both feet are in contact with the ground while one foot supports the weight and transfers it to the other. c. Run – series of walks executed quickly in any direction wherein only one foot stays on the ground while the other is off the ground. d. Hop – is a spring from one-foot landing on the same foot. In hopping, the body is sent up and down by one foot. e. Jump – a spring from one or both feet, landing on both. On landing, the balls of the feet touch the floor first, then the heels come down, the knees bend to absorb shock of landing. f. Skip – is a series of fast step-hops done with alternate feet. g. Slide – a glide followed by quick close. h. Leap - a spring on one-foot landing on the other foot. i. Gallop – a series of stepping and cutting movements done either sideward or forward with one foot always leading. B. Non-locomotor Movements-these are movements that are performed in one point in space without transferring to another point. a. Bending or Flexing – are movement around a joint, forward, backward or sideward. 6 b. Stretching – a full extension of the arms, legs, or trunk in any direction. c. Swinging – the arms, legs, head, trunk are moved in an arc alternating the directions, or in a full circle around a stationary center. d. Twisting – the rotation of one part of the body around the base of support. It can only take place at the spinal, neck, shoulder, hip and wrist joint. e. Turning – the rotation of the body around the base of support in a continuous line of direction. f. Swaying – the weight is transferred from one base of support to another with a rocking motion. STEPS AND COUNT PATTERNS OF THE BASIC FESTIVAL DANCE MOVEMENTS The basic steps below are using a 2/4-time signature, because most of our festival dance music is either in 2/4 or 4/4-time signature. UNINTENTIONAL INJURY PREVENTION, SAFETY AND FIRST AID First Aid – is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured. Roles of First Aid 1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician. 2. It is not intended to compete with or take the place of the services of the physician. 3. It ends when the services of the physician begin. Objectives of First Aid 1. To save lives 2. To prolong life 3. To alleviate suffering 4. To prevent further injury Characteristics of a good first aider 1. Gentle – does not cause pain and panic 2. Observant – notices all signs 3. Resourceful – makes the best use of things at hand 4. Tactful – does not frighten the victim 5. Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the victim Vital sign is the measure of various physiological statistics taken in order to assess the most basic body functions. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs are details discovered by applying your senses-sight, touch, hearing and smell during the course of the examination. Symptoms are sensations that the victims feel or experiences and may be able to describe. STEPS IN ASSESSING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS A. Primary Survey Primary survey of the victim is used when the victims are unconscious and to find out and immediately treat life-threatening conditions. a. Check for Consciousness b. Check for Circulation c. Open the Airway d. Check for Breathing B. Secondary Survey Secondary survey is applicable when the victim is conscious or has revived. It aims to know everything about the patient’s condition. Important information’s from the victim’s is very essentials to the first aiders and physicians. a. History Taking b. Checking of vital signs -Pulse Rate - Temperature -Respiration -Skin Color DRESSING and BANDAGES Bandaging is a method or procedure of supporting or covering of the victim’s injuries A dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and or to stop bleeding. Two Phases pf Bandaging A. An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top and back of the head, chest, back, hand, and foot, and as arm sling. B. A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like wound on the eye, forehead, ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow, knee and palm and for a sprained ankle. A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It may be close which means there is no break or damage on the skin. It is also called hematoma or contusion. A wound may also be an open wound which means there is a break on the skin. Kinds of Open Wounds 1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects. 2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scrapping the skin against a rough surface. 3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object. 4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually a result from mishandling tools and other accidents. 5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues. How to Manage Wounds: A. For management of hematoma, we use the mnemonic RICE: 1. Resting the injured part 2. Ice application 3. Compression 4. Elevation B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding 1. Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound. 2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure. 3. Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds with embedded object. Things to consider when transporting an injured person: a. Weight and height of the victim b. Status of the victim c. Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or wide) d. Special need considerations (injuries of the victims) CARRYING AND TRANSPORTING AN INJURED PERSON 1. Fireman’s carry- the easiest way to transport a light and smaller victim. 2. Piggy Back- when the victim is conscious. 3. Pack Strap Carry- when the victim is smaller than the first aider. 4. Shoulder Drag- used when the floor is smooth, short distance transport. 5. Fireman’s Drag or Tied-Hands Crawl- Used when first aider and victim must crawl underneath a low structure. 6. Blanket Drag- used when the victim is seriously injured and should not be lifted. 7. Hammock Carry- When there are three first aiders. 8. Bearer Alongside Carry- Carriers will stay on the uninjured side of the victim. 9. Six Man Lift and Carry- When there are six first aiders. COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES 1. FRACTURE-a break or crack on the bone. An open fracture pierces the skin surface while in a closed fracture the skin above is intact. 2. SPRAIN – an injury to the ligaments of a bone due to accidental tearing or overstretching. 3. STRAIN – an injury to the muscles which is a result of improper use of muscle. 4. DISLOCATION – a partial or complete displacement of the bones. 5. ELECTRICAL BURNS – occur when electricity passes through the body. 6. FOOD POISONING – caused by consuming food or drink that is contaminated with bacteria or viruses