Male Reproductive System Anatomy 2024 PDF

Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System RAKCOM Dr. Abdalla A E Elamin 2024 Learning outcomes 1-To describe the structure of the male reproductive system, including the testes, glands, and penis. 2- To out...

Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System RAKCOM Dr. Abdalla A E Elamin 2024 Learning outcomes 1-To describe the structure of the male reproductive system, including the testes, glands, and penis. 2- To outline the functions of the male reproductive system  Male reproductive system Composed of ❑External genital organs: scrotum and Penis ❑Internal genital organs: Testes Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory duct Seminal Vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral (Copwer) Glands  Testis Is the male primary sex organ Oval in shape lies in the scrotum It produce the sperms and testosterone (male sex hormone) which is responsible for secondary sex characteristics. blood supply from the testicular artery, which is a direct branch of the aorta  Structure of the testis Each testes consist of 250-300 lobules Each lobules contain 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules The tubules open into a network of channels called the rete testis. Small efferent ductules connect the rete testis to the upper end of the epididymis  Coverings (tunics) of the testis 1. Tunica vaginalis: It is the lower part of the processus vaginalis of the peritoneum. 2. Tunica albuginea: It is the tough white fibrous coat which covers the testis all around. 3. Tunica vasculosa: It is formed of vascularized connective tissue.  Structure of the seminiferous tubule The wall of the seminiferous tubule consists of several layers of germ cells. The cells lying on the basement membrane are the most primitive called spermatogonia, while those near the lumen are more mature called spermatocytes and spermatids. Scattered among the germ cells are special type of supporting cells called sertoli cells. Sertoli cell The supporting cells in the testes that induce primordial germ cells to form sperm Functions: is nutritional and mechanical, as well as forming a blood-testis barrier.  Thermoregulation of the testis The process of spermatogenesis needs a temperature 2-3°C below the body temperature. This is achieved through the following 3 mechanisms: 1. Cutaneous mechanism: The scrotal skin is very vascular and rich in sweat glands. Fat is absent in its subcutaneous tissue, all aid heat loss. 2.Muscular mechanism: two muscles, (dartos and cremastric). In cold weather cremastric muscle elevates the testis near the body, so preventing heat loss. In warm weather, the opposite effects are obtained. 3. Vascular mechanism: The pampiniform plexus aids heat loss, so helps to maintain low temperature around the testis.  Epididymis It is the highly coiled attached to the postero-Iateral aspect of the testis. Sperm stored here for 40-60 days and are absorbed if not ejaculated prior to that time. epididymis provides storage space for the spermatozoa and allows them to mature. A main function of the epididymis is the absorption of fluid to make the sperm more concentrated.  Epididymis Description of epididymis : It has 3 parts: Head: forms a cap at upper pole of the testis, to which is connected by efferent ductules. Body : is the intermediate part and is made up of the single coiled tube Tail: is the lower end of the tube and it continues as vas deferens which ascends medial to the epididymis.  Vas Deferens ( ductus deferens) Is the thick walled muscular tube begin from the lower end of the epididymis and ends behind the base of the bladder by joining the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct Its length is about 45 cm. Its function is to transmit the spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct, which in turn opens in the prostatic urethra. ??  Ejaculatory Ducts Each is about 2 cm long, formed by union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle. The two ducts run inferiorly between median and posterior lobes of the prostate open in the prostatic urethra.  Scrotum The scrotum is an outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It contains the testes, the epididymides, and the lower ends of the spermatic cords The skin of the scrotum is pigmented, rugose.  Penis Is the male organ of copulation. Having a root (or attached portion) and a shaft (or free portion). ❑The root of the penis formed of 3 parts two curura (right and left) and bulb of penis  Penis ❑The shaft of the penis : The shaft is formed of 3 columns of erectile tissue; two corpora cavernosa (right and left) and a median corpus spongiosum. A- The two corpora cavernosa:- -They lie dorsally side by side in the shaft of penis -contain many irregular cavernous spaces which become filled by blood during erection. B- The corpus spongiosum -It is median and lies in the ventral surface of the two corpora cavernosa. is traversed by the penile part of the urethra. It also contains cavernous tissue capable of erection. Followed distally, it forms glans penis which fits over the distal ends of the corpora cavernosa.  Penis The skin of the penis It is smooth and thin over the erect penis, but is wrinkled over the flaccid penis. Fallowed distally, the skin forms a loose fold called the prepuce ( foreskin ) which covers the glans. The deep layer of this fold is attached to the coronary sulcus of the glans. Followed proximally, the penile skin is continuous with skin of the scrotum.  Circumcision Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin (prepuce) that covers the glans of the penis. Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin (prepuce) cannot be fully retracted to reveal the glans due to a narrow opening of the prepuce. A very tight foreskin around the tip of the penis may interfere with urination or sexual function.  Accessory Glands 1- The Prostate Definition: it is an accessory gland of male reproductive system, which surrounds the prostatic urethra. Site : it lies in the lower part of the lesser pelvis behind the inferior border of the pubic symphysis in front of the rectum, below neck of the bladder.  Accessory Glands Shape and Description: It an inverted cone which has a base (directed superiorly); an apex (directed inferiorly), four surfaces: anterior, posterior, and two inferolateral surfaces. consists chiefly of glandular tissue mixed with smooth muscle and fibrous tissue 1- Base of the prostate : The base is pierced by the urethra. 2- Apex of the prostate: Is directed downwards. 3- Anterior surface : It is convex and lies behind the lower part of the symphysis pubis. 4- Posterior surface: related to ampulla of the rectum 5- Right and left inferolateral surfaces. 6. Has five lobes  Function of the Prostate The prostate produces a thin, milky fluid added to the seminal fluid at the time of ejaculation, the prostatic secretion is alkaline and helps neutralize the acidity in the vagina. The prostate secretes Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful tumor marker in urology. The secretion from the prostate, seminal vesicles and the bulbourethral glands, and the spermatozoa constitute the semen or seminal fluid  Prostate Examination The prostate can be examined clinically by palpation by performing a rectal examination The examiner’s gloved finger can feel the posterior surface of the prostate through the anterior rectal wall.  Accessory Glands 2-Bulbourethral Glands: or (Cowper’s gland) located near the base of the penis and their ducts entered the penile urethra. The glands produce alkaline mucus – like fluid to neutralize the acidity of the vagina and provide lubrication during the intercourse.  Accessory Glands 3-Seminal Vesicles The seminal vesicle is a sacculated tube, about 5 cm long. Site : it lies behind base of the bladder. Termination : inferiorly, it narrows into a small duct which joins the vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct. Functions : the seminal vesicle produces an alkaline secretion rich in fructose and mucus. The secretion is added to the spermatozoa in ejaculation.  Describe structure of the testis Name the three tunics surrounding the testis Which cells make up the wall of seminiferous tubules? What is the function of Sertoli cells? List the three structures that aid in the thermoregulation of the testes Describe epididymis. What are the two main functions of the epididymis? Define testicular torsion, what is the testicular torsion complications? Describe Vas Deferens, What is the function of the Vas Deferens? Describe the formation of ejaculatory duct  Where is the ejaculatory duct open into? Where is the ejaculatory duct located? Which structures make up the penis? Where are the seminal vesicles located and what do they produce? Describe location of the prostate and bulbourethral glands What is the function of the prostate and bulbourethral glands?