Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality PDF

MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV MODULE 4 Travel for Health...

MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV MODULE 4 Travel for Health Development in the field of medicine has Overview of Psychology of Travel influenced travel, giving rise to the concept of health tourism. For example: The mineral water of different MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL springs were believed to cure different ailments such as rheumatism, heart and circulation disorders, diabetes In order to understand why travel and tourism are and problems of the kidneys and gallbladder. Americans so popular it is important to look at what draws people to suffering from different maladies go to China or Hong these activities. Kong to undergo acupuncture or to the Philippines to consult faith healers. According to a 2009 survey, top 10 reasons why people travel: Romance Sports Relaxation People demand activity and excitement during Family/Friends their leisure hours to relieve them from the boredom of Religion their work. They indulge in activities such as hiking, surfing, Death scuba diving, mountaineering etc. The Olympic Games Honeymoon which are held every 4 years attract millions of tourists. Education Celebration Social Contact Medical/Health Human beings are social animals. They need Work contact and communication with others. They feel comfortable in a tour group. In the group, the traveler WHY DO PEOPLE TRAVEL? DAFUQ may develop friendships. Some tour groups have reunions after the tour takes place. Travel increases the “sociability Escape resources” of individuals. Relief of tension Sun lust Status and Prestige Physical Travel provides the means for ego or Relaxation self-enhancement. Travel to a poor country can provide Health the traveler with a feeling of superiority. Travel can Family togetherness provide a means of mingling with the wealthy and the Interpersonal relations social elite. Being well-traveled enhances one’s status in Roots or ethnic the society. A trip to an out-of-the-ordinary destination Maintain social contacts adds glamor to one’s personality. Status and prestige Self-discovery Travel for Education Scenery The search for knowledge and truth is inherent in Cultural every individual. Travel offers an opportunity to satisfy the Education urge to learn. Once an interest has been developed in a Professional/business destination area, the urge to see that area emerges and Wanderlust the interest grows as knowledge increases. Interest in foreign areas Personal Values The need for escape or change Search for spiritual experience, patriotism and Escape from daily routine, familiar, wholesomeness.Pilgrimages to religious sites or Holy commonplace, ordinary; escape from the job, boss, Places such as the Vatican, Lourdes, Jerusalem, Mecca customers, house, pace of modern life. Travel can are undertaken for spiritual reasons. Trips to Corregidor in provide complexity. It removes a person from familiar the Philippines are made to satisfy personal values of surroundings to something that Is new and exciting. wholesome environment and patriotism. 1 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV Cultural Experience Cross-cultural exchanges, experiencing how Understanding Tourist Motivation and Decision-Making other people live and fostering international understanding are some of the reasons to satisfy curiosity 1.Planning considerations about other cultures, lifestyles, and places. North 2.Economic considerations Americans are attracted to go to Europe because their ancestors came from there and their history classes are Planning Considerations full of stories about it. All destinations require some form of planning and management, and control of negative impacts, Shopping where it may be appropriate to divert tourists of particular The joys derived from buying certain goods may activities away from vulnerable areas. be the major reason for travel. Millions of travelers go to Hong Kong, Singapore and other tax-free ports to shop. Economic Considerations Bargain hunting or being able to get special Growth and development of the tourism industry merchandise at low cost is a travel motivator. in a region or corporate growth are dependent on understanding consumer behavior, particularly through BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS market segmentation strategies. 1. Physical Motivators Motive- Enables a person to do something. Include those related to physical rest, sports participation, beach recreation, relaxing TRAVEL AS A MEANS TO SATISFY A NEED/WANT entertainment and other motivators directly connected with health. Tourists take vacations in the belief that these vacations will satisfy, either completely or partially, various needs 2. Cultural Motivators and wants. Include the desire to know about other countries – their music, art, folklore, dances, paintings and –Need – necessity (sense of urgency) religion. –Want – desire 3. Interpersonal Motivators RELATIONSHIP OF NEEDS, WANTS, AND MOTIVES Pertain to the desire to meet other people, visit friends or relatives, escape from routine, and The difference between a need and a want is from neighbors. awareness. –Awareness must be accompanied by motivation. 4. Status and Prestige Motivators Concern ego needs and personal development. Awareness An individual will be motivated to buy a product Motivation or service if he perceives that the purchase of that - A state of need, a condition that exerts a push product or service will be beneficial in satisfying the need. as the individual towards certain types of action that are seen as likely to bring satisfaction. Objective or Goal - Occurs when an individual wants to satisfy a This must be present to enable a person to be need. motivated to satisfy a need. - Maybe physical or mental relaxation. In Tourism It is part of the consumption process and is stimulated by a complex mixture of economic, social, psychological, cultural, political, industry-related and wider environmental influences. Acts as a trigger which stimulates the chain of events in the tourism process. 2 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV MASLOW’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION Business travelers AND TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS Incentive travelers Pleasure/personal travelers Resort travelers Family pleasure travelers The elderly Singles and couples TRAVEL CONSTRAINT Physiological Needs –Those who say that they travel “escape” or “to relieve tension” Safety Needs –Traveling for health and recreation Belonging and Love Needs –Organized tour is a method of encouraging and satisfying this need for interpersonal relations and social interaction Need for Esteem Lack of money –Self-esteem – is shown in the desire to exhibit Lack of time achievement, competence and independence. Lack of safety and security –Esteem for others – explained by the concepts Physical disability of prestige, status and recognition Family commitments Lack of interest in travel Self-actualization Fears of travel –Regarded as the goal of leisure. CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELLERS BASED ON PERSONALITY Psychocentrics (Intro) –Centered on self, inhibited and unadventurous Midcentrics (Ambi) –Traveler falls between the allocentric and psychocentric types. Allocentrics (Extro) –Highly curious, thrive on stimulation and change CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELLERS BASED ON THE PURPOSE OF TRAVEL 3 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV MODULE 5 AIRLINE GROUP AND ARRANGEMENTS Overview of Sociology of Travel Another development in group travel is the introduction of different types of tour fares promoted by airlines. THE SOCIAL NATURE OF TRAVEL ♣ Groups of 15 or more are given reduced fares. According to Pope John Paul II, “ The world is becoming ♣ Charter service is given by some airlines to affinity group tours a global village in which people from different continents which are intended for those affiliated to a legitimate group for are made to feel like next door neighbors. a period of six months or longer. THE SOCIAL EFFECT OF TOURISM ♣ Public charter in which an entire airplane is made available Tourism is concerned with the movement of and contact to a group of persons who travel to the same destination. between people in different geographical locations. In sociological terms involves: ♣ Incentive tours which are given by firms to employees as a reward for a special achievement or as a motivation for ☺Social relations between people who would not normally achievement. meet. ☺The confrontation of different cultures, ethnic groups, lifestyles, SPECIAL INTEREST TOURS languages, levels of prosperity and the like. Special interest group travel is becoming more popular at ☺The behavior of people released from many of the social and present. economic constraints of everyday life. These are tours arranged for those who are interested in ☺The behavior of the host population, which has to reconcile particular activities such as bird watching, festivals, fishing, economic gain and benefits with the costs of living with hunting, scuba diving, photography, flower arrangement, golf, strangers. skiing, mountain climbing, etc. The degree to which conflict will occur between host PREFERENCES OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURIST and guest depends upon the similarity in their standards of living, the number of tourists at any time, and the extent to which the The preferences of the international tourist are divided into four tourists adapt to local norms. categories, namely: ♦ Complete relaxation to constant activity. SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON TRAVEL ♦ Traveling near one’s home environment to a totally strange environment. ☼ AGE ♦ Complete dependence on group travel to traveling alone ☼ INCOME AND SOCIAL STATUS ♦ Order to disorder ☼ EDUCATION RELAXATION VERSUS ACTIVITY ☼ LIFE STAGES OF THE FAMILY Before, the work week for most people was long and exhausting. Thus, they demanded holidays that offered THE RISE OF NEW TRAVEL PATTERNS relaxation and rest. At present, the workweek has been shortened and the TRAVEL CLUBS annual holiday leave has been lengthened. Work has become The most significant development in group travel consists of less tiresome and people have become used to greater leisure. travel clubs. FAMILIARITY VERSUS NOVELTY CLUB MEDITERRANEE- very good example of travel club which started in Western Europe and then spread to North America For most tourists on their first trip abroad tend to seek and other areas of the world. familiarity by searching for something that will remind them of home. 4 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV As soon as they find a place where they feel at home, THE DRIFTER these tourists will go back to the same place a number of times. Not until they have gained more experience in traveling will they The drifter goes farthest away from the accustomed want to go to a new environment to see new customs and ways of life of his own country. He is almost totally immersed in his cultures different from their own host culture. He tries to live the way the people he visits live and to share their shelter, food, and habits. He retains only the most DEPENDENCE VERSUS AUTONOMY basic of his native customs. He arranges his own trip and does not seek the help of a tour agency. He does not have a fixed In the past, tourists joined package tours by tour itinerary. Novelty is at its highest; familiarity disappears almost agency completely. At present, there is an emergence of a group of tourists who would like to acquire a sense of personal autonomy SOCIAL TOURISM regarding their leisure time. They would like to travel on their own, to feel independent and in In general sense, social tourism is a subsidized system of complete control travel through the intervention of the government, employer or labor union to achieve social goals and purposes. In 1963, the ORDER VERSUS DISORDER International Bureau of Social Tourism (BITS) was founded in Brussels to encourage the development of social tourism on an In the past, tourists sought holidays which enforced the international scale. The BITS is promoting tourism to achieve traditional concept of conformity. They avoided situations where social objectives by studying such issues as youth and senior their adult-imposed sense of orderliness might be offended. citizen travel, the staggering of holidays, camping and Informality in behavior, a greater tolerance towards the caravanning, building and financing moderate cost tourist differences of others, freedom from institutionalized regulations facilities and preservation of local culture and environment. are now the characteristics of the modern traveler TYPES OF TOURIST ROLES The continuous combination of novelty and familiarity forms the basic variable for the sociological analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism. THE ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST This type of tourist is the least adventurous. He buys a package tour in which the itinerary of his trip is fixed in advance and his stops are well-prepared and guided. He seldom makes decisions for himself. He prefers a familiar environment rather than a new environment. THE INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST The individual mass tourist is similar to the organized mass tourist except that the individual mass tourist has a certain degree of control over his time and itinerary and is not bound to a group. Familiarity is still dominant but less than the organized mass tourist. The desire for novelty is greater for the individual mass tourist. THE EXPLORER This type of tourist arranges his trip by himself and looks for comfortable accommodations and reliable means of transportation. He tries to associate with the people he visits and to speak their language. 5 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV MODULE 6 6.4 TREND IN HOSPITALITY TOURISM INDUSTRY Trends and Issues in the Tourism and A. Globalization Hospitality Industry It is occurring faster than ever. Travel and tourism industry 6.2 TREND IN BEVERAGES INDUSTRY creates more than 328 million jobs worldwide. We truly become a global village that was described a few years Preferences ago. As weather changes, so do beverage preferences. D. Technology Fall = Pumpkin spice A driving force of change that presents opportunities for Winter = Gingerbread and peppermint greater efficiencies and integration for improved guest service. Came from two Greek words: "techne" and "logos“. May also be a greater challenge to the industry. Microbreweries Decreases face to face interaction - are places that craft their own beers and offer customers a different type of experience than E. Sustainability and Green Travel traditional restaurants and bars. New beer recipes are turning toward a sour beer taste, and Sustainability and Green travel came into vogue craft brewers are using beer with wild yeasts and as a broad term used to encompass ecotourism and aging them in wood to give them a slightly responsible travel practices, which generally strive to acidic taste or moving to “beertails” — cocktail benefit the environment and the social and economic drink recipes made with beer instead of wine or well-being of the local people. New standard in spirits. hospitality. Eco-friendly practices are becoming the norm, rather than the expectations. Companies are 6.3 TREND IN GAMING INDUSTRY environmentally conscious and expect to see more green practices,products, and services available to travelers and guests. Tourism should be more responsible PAGCOR- PHILIPPINE AMUSEMENT AND GAMING with regard to sustainability and with whom they choose CORPORATION to do The Philippines’ first largest contributor of revenue H. Social Media and Mobile after the tax and customs authorityOwned and Controlled by the government We use social media to share our lifestyle and travel experiences and it really becomes a trend in terms GAMING ENTERTAINMENT of the exposure of different tourist destinations. Helps promote our hospitality industry by vlogs, blogs, A part of the gaming industry which is the casino industry. micro-blogs, content communities & social networking A major force in the tourism industry. Grown from a sites. Also used for booking for a tour. People create limited acceptance to a recognized growth industry. Also social media updates from their phones, while tagging called their friends or checking in. Content communities such as YouTube and interest will continue to play a more GAMBLING - that has become a major force in important role in social media. Photo and video sharing the tourism industry. It refers to one subset of the gaming enable people to communicate and share lifestyle and industry that is the casino industry.It offers games of risk as travel experiences. part of the total package of entertainment and leisure activities. I. Diversity and changing demographics Gambling-activity or practice of playing at a game of We will become more racially and ethnically diverse and chance for money or other stakes. this trend will have a significant impact on the hospitality and tourism industry in terms of the types of employees we hire and guests we serve. 6 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV 6.6 TREND IN LODGING FOOD AND BEVERAGE A. Capacity Control E. Menus are being standardized for all hotel restaurants Refers to who will control the sale of inventories of in a chain. hotel rooms, airline seats, auto rentals, and tickets to attractions. Presently, owners of these assets are in control H. More low-fat and low-carb are being added to menus: of their sale and distribution, but increasingly control is -Healthier menu items with less salt and sugar- falling into the hands of those who own and manage -Hotel restaurants are offering more locally sourced global reservation systems and/or negotiate for large produce and an occasional herb garden. buying groups. Factors involved in the outcome will be telecommunications, software, available satellite capacity, governmental regulations, limited capital and 6.8 TREND IN MEETING AND CONVENTIONS travel distribution network. The owners of the asset are in control of their sale and distribution but increasingly, control is falling into the hands of those who own and B. INCREASE USE OF SMART PHONES manage global reservation systems and/or negotiate for Smartphones are used by a large percent of the large buying groups. population, which allows meeting planners to increase audience engagement by providing them with the ability D. Technology to interact directly, track activities, connect with contacts and vendors, and share their experiences with others via An example of the growing use of expert systems social media outlets. This allows the organizers to listen to would be making standard operating procedures attendees and make some changes during the event available online, 24 hours a day, and establishing yield itself to provide more value. When it comes to management systems designed to make pricing technology trends in the meetings industry, there is no decisions. Other examples include increasing numbers of doubt that the entire industry has entered into the digital smart hotel rooms and communication sports to make domain. Attendees have come to expect nothing less, virtual office environments for business travelers and the and in turn, organisers need to be able to employ all of impact of technology on the structure of corporate the latest technology trends available. Of course, social offices and individual hotels. media has been involved with ongoing technology trends in the meetings 6.9 TREND IN RESTAURANT OPTIONS E. New Management The complex forces of capacity control, safety B. Simplifying Menus and security, capital movement, and technology issues will require a future management cadre that is able to Clustering the menus often increases the time it adapt to rapid-paced change across all the traditional takes a guest to decide what they want to order. Many functions of management. restaurants are simplifying the menu to help to enhance the speed at which guests order leading to lower labor F. Globalization cost per guest. Restaurants are shrinking or simplifying A number of US and Canadian chains have menus to help enhance the speed at which guest's order, developed and are continuing to develop hotels around leading to lower labor cost per guest. the world. International companies are also investing in the North American hotel industry. D. Delivery G. Consolidation Catering more to younger patrons, delivery As the industry matures, corporations are either services are increasing in popularity. Today’s consumers acquiring or merging with each other. are leading increasingly hectic lives and often look for ways to save time. With delivery services such as Sprig, Munchery, and Caviar on the rise, on the rise, restaurants are generating revenue outside of their four walls. 6.11 TREND IN HOTEL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT 7 | Page MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY H1B |FINAL EXAMINATION |1ST SEM AKV 6.14 TREND IN RECREATION AND LEISURE up, such as entertainment centers in malls, mini golf courses, and child-friendly themed restaurants A. Rides and Attractions RIDES G. National and State Parks Attractions are moving forward with more live, NATIONAL hands on and interactive features to provide a more It Has long been a staple for nature enthusiasts to personal and lifelike look and feel. Guests want to have visit and enjoy. By working with hospitality concessionaires more control over the experience. Rides and attractions and partners, parks are investing in services and facilities are constantly being developed that are geared toward and promoting their locations for hosting events such as the hottest pop culture, movies, games and icons, weddings, family reunions, corporate functions, and other replacing the outdated themes from yesterday. The most similar experiences. popular theme parks are always looking to make their hit attractions bigger and better. B. Fitness Centers FITNESS Declining membership and interest in golf has made it necessary to increase the size, scope and quality of club facilities with state of the art fitness centers featuring a wider array of indoor and outdoor recreational sports amenities, including built- in climbing walls and full body fitness classes. There is also a general shift toward lowering membership and green fees and increasing service offered. The interest in health and wellness has last resulted in a shift toward healthier food and beverage options in club restaurants. C. Reinvestment Leading to Increased Competition Nearly every major attraction and entertainment company is re-investing in their product to keep their service offering fresh and repeat visitors. D. Blurring the Lines Theme park and entertainment companies are blurring the lines in new product and program development. Theme park operators continue to provide compelling experiences that engage consumers and encourage repeat visits. What traditionally used to be a theme park, water park or nature park experience are now park experiences that combine elements of each. For instance, parks are now integrated with animal habitats, such as: -Cheetah Run Animal Encounter at Busch Gardens and Turtle Trek at Sea world Orlando. F. Shopping Entertainment Parks SHOPPING Following the footsteps of the mall of America, attractions developers continue to look for ways to combine elements of a theme park, shopping mall, and entertainment into one venue. New entertainment attractions are focusing on the baby boom market segment that includes children, teens, young adults, and families. There are also family-based concepts popping 8 | Page