Science Grade 8 Module 1 - Matter and its Properties (DepEd-Cebu City, 2021) PDF

8 Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Week 1, Matter and Its Properties Science - Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 - Module 1: Matter and Its Properties Revised Copy, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Governm...

8 Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Week 1, Matter and Its Properties Science - Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 - Module 1: Matter and Its Properties Revised Copy, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, CESO VI Development Team of the Module Writer/Compiler/s: Eubelle T. Sablaon, SST-III, Abellana National School Illustrator/Layout Artist: N/A Content Editors: Dr. Gemma A. Bendebel, Principal II, Lahug Night High School Mr. Rommel C. Villahermosa, Assisting Principal, Abellana National School Language Editor: Nenita Nacional, Principal I, Pasil Elementary School Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS LRMDS Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516 E-mail Address : [email protected] ii  Lesson Matter and Its Properties Quarter : Third Quarter Content Standard : The learners demonstrate an understanding the particle nature of matter as basis for explaining properties, physical changes, and structure of substances and mixtures. Performance Standard : The learners should be able to explain that matter is made of a very small particles. Competency : The learners should be able to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle nature of matter (S8MT-IIIab-8) Duration : Week 1 Topic : Matter and Its properties What I Need to Know This module is made for you to learn more about physical states of matter and their properties. This will lead you to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle nature of matter. This module is based on the DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competency in Grade 8, Quarter 3 for Week 1. You can explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle nature of matter. At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. Describe common properties of matter. 2. Distinguish properties of matter from those of non-matter. 3. Explain what matter is made of. What I Know It is important to know how familiar you are with the concepts in this topic. Let us check how far you know. Answer the pre-test. PRE-ASSESSMENT Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which is described as anything that has mass and volume? A. atom B. mass C. matter D. solid 2. What is matter made of? A. mass B. particle C. substance D. volume 3. Which is the smallest particle of matter? A. atom B. element C. compound D. substance 1 4. Who believed that any piece of matter can be divided and subdivided into very small particles? A. Aristotle B. Dalton C. Democritus D. Knieram 5. What method of painting that uses tiny particles to come up with various effects? A. Dot Method C. Pointillism B. Pop Art Method D. Graffitillism 6. Which of the following is NOT an example of matter? A. heat B. lemon juice C. oxygen D. water 7. What is the amount of space that a matter occupies? A. height B. mass C. volume D. weight 8. What particle consists of two or more atoms? A. atom B. element C. ions D. molecules 9. Which has the smallest particle of atom? A. element B. ions C. molecule D. solution 10. Which is TRUE about matter? It _________. A. has mass C. exists only as a solid B. can be seen D. maintains its shape and size 11. Which of the following is an example of matter? A. air B. gravity C. sound D. sunlight 12. Which phrase about element is CORRECT? Elements can exist as a ____. A. type of solution C. molecule B. type of mixture D. building block of matter 13. Which of the following are the two major divisions of matter? A. mass and volume C. substances and mixture B. element and compound D. substances and elements 14. What property of a stone on Earth is affected when it is on the moon? A. height B. mass C. volume D. weight 15. Which statement BEST describes matter? A. Matter has only the property of mass. B. Everything around you are examples of matter. C. Matter is defined as anything that takes up space. D. Anything that occupies space and has mass is matter. What’s In In grade 7, you have learned the classification of matter. To recall, complete the concept map using the given words on the box below. I am confident that you can do this review task without any problem. Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. oxygen atoms (Different) suspension element muddy water homogeneous substance solutions salt soft drink heterogeneous paint 2  Mixture Compounds Atom Colloid (Same) Figure 1. Classification of Matter What’s New Activity 1 Which is matter, which is not? Objectives: 1. Describe common properties of matter. 2. Distinguish properties of matter from those of non-matter. Materials: 1 teaspoon of sugar 3 pieces of leaves ¼ cup of tap water 1 piece ball (basketball, volleyball, or balloon) 1 piece stone, or small rock Procedure: 1. Can you identify which are matter and which are not? Put a check under the appropriate column in table 1. You may state the reason of identifying matter or non-matter. Number 1 is done for you. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Is the sample matter Sample Yes No Not Reason for your answer sure Air inside the ball √ It occupies space and has mass. Heat Leaves Stone Sound Sugar granules Sunlight Water Table 1. Identifying which is matter. 3 Questions: 1. Which samples have no measurable mass? ______________________________ 2. Which samples occupy space? ______________________________ 3. Which of the samples are matter? What are their common characteristics? _________________________________________________________________ What Is It Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter may be either living or non-living, has an odor or no odor and can be detected using our senses. Matter is what the world is made of. The materials surrounding us, the air we breathe, the earth beneath our feet, the food we eat, the water we drink, a paper, and even the stars of the universe are forms of matter. Based on your observations on each sample of matter in Activity 1, you have just described some characteristics of matter. These characteristics that describe a sample of matter is called properties. Matter can have different properties. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object has. The mass of each sample of matter in Activity 1 is different from the mass of the other samples. You also found out that each sample of matter occupies space. The measure of the space occupied by an object is called volume. All matter has mass and volume. There are other properties of matter such as hardness, texture, color, flexibility, malleability, and electrical conductivity which vary form one sample to another. Studying about what matter is made of involves dealing with very small “particles” beyond what your eyes can see. In fact, the ancient Greek philosophers Leucippus and his student Democritus were the first to propose this idea, about 440 B.C. Both Leucippus and Democritus had the idea that there are many kinds of atoms and each of them had specific shape and size and that all atoms move randomly around in space. However, they did not explain the motion of atoms. (Knieram, 1995-2013). Democritus believed that any piece of matter can be divided and subdivided into very small particles, but this process ended at some point when a piece is reached that could not be further divided. He called this particle, atomos, a Greek word which means indivisible particle. This "atomic theory" (to use a modern phrase) was opposed by Aristotle 100 years later, who taught that all space is filled with matter, that there are no empty spaces. Aristotle's ideas were accepted as correct by almost all educated people, until the early 1800's, when atomic ideas began to be more generally accepted as correct. The idea of the atom was not further explored until a little over two centuries ago when John Dalton presented concrete evidence that all matter is made of very small particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest particle of an element which is the fundamental material of all matter is composed. Today, we know that although atoms are very small, they are not indivisible as Democritus thought, rather they consist of still smaller particles. Atoms of most elements can combine with other atoms. Different elements have different properties because the combining atoms are different and the way the atoms are joined together are different. A molecule is a particle consisting of two or more atoms combined in a specific arrangement. It is an electrically neutral particle. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. For example, a molecule of water consists of oxygen 4 atom combined with two hydrogen atoms. Atoms of the same element can also combine to form a molecule. For example, oxygen in the air consist of oxygen molecules which are made up of two or more oxygen atoms. Atoms are too small to observe. These particles cannot be seen under the high- powered light microscope used in school laboratories. The size of an atom s measured in angstroms. One angstrom is a unit of length equal to one ten millionth of a millimeter. What makes up matter? If you hammer the stone you used in Activity 1 into much smaller pieces, what would you get? Ice, liquid water, and steam are all the same substance, which is water, yet you can observe that they look different from each other? How can this be explained? Let us investigate more! What’s More Activity 2 What is matter made of? Objectives: 1. Infer from given situations or observable events what matter is made of. 2. Explain how these observed situations or events give evidence that matter is made up of tiny particles. Materials: 2 tablespoon of brown sugar stirrer a drop/pinch of food coloring or dye 1 cup distilled or clean tap water 2 Clear glass (250 ml)/clean transparent bottle Procedure: (Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.) 1. Prepare 2 tablespoons of sugar and 100 mL (estimated) of distilled or clean tap water. Note: 1 tablespoon = 15 mL 2. Transfer the estimated 100 mL water to the transparent bottle or a clear glass and mark its level. Add the 2 tablespoons of sugar. 3. Mix thoroughly until all sugar dissolves. Taste the resulting solution. Q1. What is the taste of the resulting mixture? _____________________________ Q2. Think about sugar and water as made up of tiny particles. Draw illustration to your observations to explain your answer in Q1. _____________________________ Q3. What is the total volume of sugar mixture (30mL sugar + 100mL water)? ______ Q4. Check the marked level of the mixture. Is the volume of the resulting sugar mixture equal, more than or less than the expected total volume of the unmixed sugar and water? Why? ________________________________________________ 4. Pour one cup of water into a transparent bottle or clear glass. 5. Add one small drop of food coloring or dye slowly along the side of the bottle or glass. Observe. Q5. Describe what you observe after adding the food coloring or dye after one (1) minute. Write your observations. _________________________________________ Q6. Think about food coloring or dye and water as made up of particles. Draw illustration to your observations. _________________________________________ 5  What I Have Learned Let’s check what you have learned from the module by doing the guessing game. Directions: Fill in each blank with a correct word to answer the given questions completely. Identify the word by dialing the following given numbers in the keypad. Number 1 is done for you. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. _______ is anything that has mass and volume. Dial 628-837 ____Matter___ 2. the space occupied by an object Dial 865-863 _o__m_ 3. the measure of the amount of matter in an object Dial 6277 ___s 4. He believed that any piece of matter can be divided and subdivided into small particles. Dial 33-66-274-887 D___c_____ 5. the smallest particle in an element Dial 2-866 __o_ 6. a particle consists of two or more atoms Dial 66-53-2853 _o_____e 7. Matter is made of __________. Dial 727-84-253 p___i___ What I Can Do A good analogy to consider related to matter being composed of tiny particles is the pointillist style of painting. The images in a pointillist painting appear continuous but if one looks closely, the images are made of small dots. Pointillism is a method of painting using dots to come up with various effects. The dots are placed singly, in rows, or randomly. These dots can also be in groups, or they can be overlapping. They can be either uniform or varied in size in the same painting. Matter is similarly assembled, with atoms different elements combining various ways to give a tremendous variety of substances. Task: Paint your favorite photo or image using Pointillism method. Photo below is an example. 6  Assessment It is time to check what you have learned! Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What is the basic unit of matter? A. atom B. ion C. molecule D. nucleus 2. Which refers to the amount of space occupied by matter? A. density B. mass C. volume D. weight 3. What measures the amount of matter in an object? A. density B. mass C. volume D. weight 4. Which of the following is NOT a property of matter? A. flexibility B. mass C. reactivity D. volume 5. Which refers to the very small pieces of matter? A. element B. molecule C. particle D. proton 6. Which of the following BEST describes matter? It is anything that ___________. A. is visible C. takes up space B. resists change D. has mass and volume 7. If you put food coloring in water at room temperature, the color spreads throughout the water. Why is this so? Food coloring molecules are __________. A. very small B. attracted to the water C. heavy that takes the space of water D. perfectly fitted on the spaces between the water molecules 8. Which of the following is NOT an example of matter? A. air B. stone C. sugar granule D. sunlight 9. Which refers to a Greek word that means indivisible? A. atomos B. element C. molecule D. particle 10. Any sample of matter has mass and takes up space. What is the main reason for this? A. All matter is heavy. C. The Earth is made of matter. B. Matter can be a gas. D. Matter is made up of tiny particles. 11. Study the diagram below. Which shows the mixture of sugar granules and water? A B C D 12. Which of the following statement is NOT true about matter? A. The basic unit of matter is atom. B. Matter is made up of tiny particles. C. Particles of matter has a fixed volume. D. Matter is anything that takes up space. 13. How does matter affect our daily lives? I. Matter helps to sustain and develop life. II. The food that we eat everyday consists of atoms. III. Everything present in the universe is made of matter. IV. Necessary things like clothes, brush, utensils all are made of matter. A. I, II, III B. I, II, IV C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV 7 14. Ten (10) grams of powdered orange-drink is mixed with 150 grams of water. What would you expect from the mass of the solution? It would be ____________. A. equal to the volume of water B. less than the volume of water C. more than the volume of water D. equal to the added volume of solution 15. John wanted to drink milk. He mixed the 200mL of hot water to 45mL of powdered milk in a glass. The illustration below shows what happened to the level of the water inside the glass. Why does the resulting mixture have the same volume of the hot water? A. Milk evaporates due to the collision of particles in hot water. B. Milk particles fit into the spaces between the water particles. C. Milk particles are very small that could not be seen by naked eye. D. New molecule is formed as water and milk combine so they act as one. Additional Activities Look around you, identify at least five (5) examples of matter and non-matter. Give reasons on your observations. References: Printed References: Campo, Pia C. et al.,2013. Science 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition. Vibal Publishing House, Inc., Philippines Madriaga, Estrellita A., et al.,2015. Science Link 8, Revised Edition. REX Printing Company, Inc., Philippines Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma., et al.,2013. Exploring Life Through Science Series. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., Philippines Website References: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7539442/ https://www.chemteam.info/Matter/ParticleNatureMatter.html#: https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-element https://www.google.com/search?q=educational+bulliten+board+clipart http://scientificargumentation.stanford.edu/assessments/mixing-sugar-and-water/ https://www.clipartkey.com/search/teacher/ https://www.muskogeephoenix.com/news/lifestyles/art-class-students-to-learn-pointillism/article 8 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516 E-mail Address : [email protected] 10