Globalization: Definition, Concepts, and Dimensions - PowerPoint Presentation

Definition and Concepts of Globalization Lesson 1  In today’s constantly changing world, societies are becoming increasingly interdependent and have more social, economic, political and cultural relationships. “good things come in small packages” “it’s a small world after all”...

Definition and Concepts of Globalization Lesson 1  In today’s constantly changing world, societies are becoming increasingly interdependent and have more social, economic, political and cultural relationships. “good things come in small packages” “it’s a small world after all” “the world has shrunk” These describe our global conditions. Arthur C. Clarke The world appears smaller today than it actually is. What is Globalization? How does it started? https://www.slideshare.net/crazifie/the-contemporary-world-topics-14#2 The existence of these several definitions of globalization clearly point out that there can be as many definitions as there are scholars studying it. The definition of globalization varies across disciplines. Scholars from the traditional disciples of political science, economics, history, sociology, and philosophy have examined globalization using the analytical tools and methods provided by their respective discipline.  In globalization, the problems and issues that characterize the contemporary world are interconnected and multidimensional. The DIMENSIONS of GLOBALIZATION https://www.slideshare.net/crazifie/the-contemporary-world-topics-14#2 It refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information. It is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital. It primarily comprises the globalization of production, finance, markets, technology, organizational regimes, institutions, corporations, and labour. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION -It refers to the growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and complexity. That system includes national governments, their governmental and intergovernmental organizations as well as government-independent elements of global civil society such as international non-governmental organizations and social movement organizations. -One of the key aspects of the political globalization is the declining importance of the nation-state and the rise of other actors on the political scene. The creation and existence of the United Nations has been called one of the classic examples of political globalization. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION - It refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet, popular culture media, and international travel. This has added to processes of commodity exchange and colonization. - Cultural globalization involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge with which people associate their individual and collective cultural identities. It brings increasing interconnectedness among different populations and cultures. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION -Technology can be defined as the socialized knowledge of producing goods and services. We can describe the term technology with five important elements: production, knowledge, instruments, possession and change. - Technological developments are conceived as the main facilitator and driving force of most of the globalization processes. GLOBALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY Globalization as a Process, Condition, and Ideology Steger (2005) Globalization as a Process  Globalization as a Process It is viewed as a multidimensional set of social processes that generate and increase “worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distant” (Steger, 2005:13).  A different way of tracing the roots of globalization is by looking for signs of globality, which is explained earlier as the thickening of social linkages between people from different parts of the world. Globalization as a Condition  Globalization as a Condition Is also referred to by scholars as globality. Scholte (2008) refers to globality as social condition characterized by trans-planetary connectivity and supra-territoriality.  Globalization as a Condition In terms of trans-planetary relations, globality is about the establishment of social links between people located at different places of our planet. Here our planet is not treated as a collection of geographical units but as a social space or an arena of social life.  Globalization as a Condition Meanwhile, supra-territoriality relations are “social connections that transcend territorial geography” (Scholte, 2018: 1480).  Globalization as a Condition In other words, globalization as a social condition is characterized by thick economic, political and cultural inrterconnections and global flows that render political borders and economic barriers irrelevant (Steger, 2008). Globalization as Ideology  Globalization as Ideology Steger (2005), following the line of reasoning of globalization scholar Michael Freeden, explains that globalization exists in people’s consciences because it consists of a set of coherent and complementary ideas and beliefs about the global order.  Globalization as Ideology Globalization as an ideology promotes the belief in a highly interconnected world where economic, political, and cultural integration lead to progress and prosperity. It supports free trade, open markets, technological exchange, and global governance structures, often emphasizing neoliberal policies such as deregulation and privatization. Critics argue that this ideology benefits powerful nations and corporations while exacerbating inequality and eroding local cultures and sovereignty.  Globalization as Ideology Also referred to as market fundamentalism, neoliberalism maintains that human well-being can best be advanced within an institutional framework characterized by free markets, a minimal state, free trade, the absence of economic regulation, and strong individual property rights.  Globalization as Ideology In other words, globalization is a political belief system that benefits a certain class.  Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon that functions as a process, a condition, and an ideology. As a process, it drives increasing interconnectedness through trade, technology, and communication. As a condition, it reflects the present reality of global interdependence, shaping economies, politics, and cultures. As an ideology, it promotes the belief that integration  While globalization fosters innovation and economic growth, it also raises concerns about inequality, cultural erosion, and national sovereignty. Understanding its complexities helps in navigating both its opportunities and challenges. ANY QUESTION?