Lymphatics of head and neck (1).pptx

LYMPHATIC'S OF HEAD AND NECK Dr Ramya Rathan Asst Prof-Anatomy February 22, 2025 www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY  Learning objectives Define the lymphatic system. Describ...

LYMPHATIC'S OF HEAD AND NECK Dr Ramya Rathan Asst Prof-Anatomy February 22, 2025 www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY  Learning objectives Define the lymphatic system. Describe the components of the lymphatic system. Explain Lymphatic Circulation. State the main features of the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck. The lymphatic system is a major part of the body's immune system that functions to: Collect, filter, and return excess interstitial fluid to the venous system Absorb fat and fat-soluble vitamins (from the villi of the small intestine) Help defend against microorganisms Parts of the Lymphatic System Lymph Lymph is a clear fluid that comes from excess tissue fluid Fluids pass out of capillaries at the arterial end Osmotic pressure aids in the return of the fluid into the venous end of the capillary Excess interstitial fluid (containing waste and microorganisms such as bacteria)enters the lymphatic capillaries and is now called lymph The lymph is then filtered through lymph nodes and returned to the venous system Lymph contains plentiful lymphocytes and other white blood cells Lymph from the villi of the small intestine also absorbs fat and fat-soluble vitamins The absorbed fat makes the lymph from this area have a milky color, and it is now called chyle Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic vessels carry lymph in only 1 direction—away from the tissues Lymphatic capillaries are composed of overlapping endothelial cells, which form a 1-way valve allowing the excess interstitial tissue fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary Lymph Nodes Lymphatic vessels are connected to lymph nodes and filter the lymph Because lymphatic vessels are 1-way, lymph enters the lymph node through afferent lymph vessels, where it is filtered In addition to its filtration function, the lymph node has a rich supply of lymphocytes and other white blood cells that help provide an immune response to (foreign) microorganisms Lymphatic Ducts Lymphatic vessels continue to take lymph toward the heart to join the venous system at an area of low pressure There are 2 connections into the venous system at the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein: Right lymphatic duct—carries lymph from right arm, right thorax, and right side of head Thoracic duct—carries lymph from remainder of the body Lymphatics of head and neck  SUPERFICIAL LYMPH NODES OF THE HEAD Node Location Structure(s) Drained Facial Along cheek Superficial face, Cheek Parotid (superficial nodes) Along superficial lobe of parotid gland and anterior to the Upper parts of face, Lateral parts of face ear Anterior scalp, Lateral scalp External ear (anterior portion) Mastoid Along mastoid process superficial to the attachment of the Lateral scalp sternocleidomastoid External ear (posterior portion) Occipital Along the apex of the posterior triangle where the trapezius Posterior scalp and sternocleidomastoid converge near the superior nuchal Upper neck line Submental Between anterior bellies of the digastric in Submental Tip of tongue triangle Medial portion of inferior lip Mandibular incisors and associated gingiva Anterior floor of the mouth, Chin Submandibular Inferior to mandible between anterior and posterior Superior lip, Lateral portion of lower lip digastrics in the Submandibular triangle Cheek, Hard palate, Soft palate Teeth and associated gingiva (except mandibular incisors) Tongue (anterior 2/3—except the tip and central 1/3) Floor of the mouth Sublingual gland, Submandibular gland Nose and nasal vestibule Nasal cavity (anterior portion) Medial eyelids Frontal sinus, Anterior and middle ethmoid sinus Maxillary sinus, Submental nodes SUPERFICIAL LYMPH NODES OF THE NECK Node Location Structure(s) Drained Posterior Along external Skin of angle of cervical jugular vein mandible nodes External ear (inferior portion) Parotid region Anterior Along Skin of anterior neck cervical pretracheal inferior to the hyoid nodes fascia with anterior triangle  DEEP LYMPH NODES OF THE HEAD Node Location Structure(s) Drained Parotid (deep) Deep in parotid gland Tympanic cavity Parotid gland Auditory tube External acoustic meatus (portion) Retropharyngeal Posterior to superior Sphenoid sinus constrictor at the base Posterior ethmoid of the skull sinus immediately anterior to Nasal cavity (majority) the atlas Soft palate Nasopharynx Auditory tube Oropharynx Pharyngeal tonsils Tubal tonsils  DEEP LYMPH NODES OF THE NECK Node Location Structure(s) Drained Upper deep cervical nodes Along superior portion of the internal Occipital nodes jugular vein superior to the omohyoid Mastoid nodes Parotid nodes (superficial and deep) Submandibular nodes Superficial cervical nodes Retropharyngeal nodes Palatine tonsil Jugulodigastric node (subset of upper Along lower portion of the internal jugular Tongue (posterior 1/3) deep cervical nodes) vein Palatine tonsil Occasionally mandibular molars Juxtavisceral nodes (includes: Midline nodes located along anatomic Larynx Prelaryngeal area for which they are named Thyroid gland Pretracheal Trachea Paratracheal) Esophagus Inferior deep cervical nodes Along inferior portion of internal jugular Upper deep cervical nodes vein near the intermediate tendon of the Jugulodigastric nodes omohyoid Tongue (anterior 2/3—except tip and lateral margin) Superficial cervical nodes Transverse cervical nodes Readings https://www-clinicalkey-com.gmulibrary.com/#!/content/book/3-s 2.0-B9780323392280000232 Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry, 3rd Edition- 2017, Neil S. Norton ISBN: 978-0-323-39228-0  DISCLAMER The contents of this presentation, can be used only for the purpose of a Lecture, Scientific meeting or Research presentation at Gulf Medical University, Ajman. www.gmu.ac.ae