LU2 Interaction Design.pdf

Unit 2: Interaction Design Agenda  What is interaction?  What Is Involved in Interaction Design?  Interaction types  The process of interaction design  Approaches to interaction design  Who is involved in interaction design  Conceptualizing interaction  Conceptua...

Unit 2: Interaction Design Agenda  What is interaction?  What Is Involved in Interaction Design?  Interaction types  The process of interaction design  Approaches to interaction design  Who is involved in interaction design  Conceptualizing interaction  Conceptual models What is interaction?  Interaction is the dialogue between a user and a product (system/app)  It is both physical and emotional in nature  It is manifested in the interplay between form, function, and technology as experienced over time  “An interaction is a transaction between 2 entities, typically in exchange of information. It takes place between people, machines, and systems, in a variety of combination.” – (Dan Saffer, 2017) What Is Involved in Interaction Design?  The Design Council of the United Kingdom defines the double diamond of design as follows: What Is Involved in Interaction Design?  Discover – try gather insights about the problem  Define – develop a clear brief that frames the design challenge  Develop – create, prototype, test and iterate solutions/concepts  Deliver – finalize, produce and launch the project These are common in different design disciplines e.g. interaction design, graphic design, software design, architectural design, industrial design etc.  Case study How to improve map/navigation app using double diamond interaction design technique? Case study – Apple Map https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/navigating-world-google-vs-apple-maps-faith-oyeniyi-3f/ Case study – Google Map https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/navigating-world-google-vs-apple-maps-faith-oyeniyi-3f/ Case study – Destination guide https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/navigating-world-google-vs-apple-maps-faith-oyeniyi-3f/  Case study Discuss the best way to offer your banking service using voice user interface system. Problem with the voice-mail system 1. Annoying. The system's lack of clear instructions and the need to consult external sources, such as an instruction sheet, can be highly frustrating for users. 2. Confusing. The system fails to provide comprehensive instructions, leaving users uncertain about the correct steps to follow. 3. Inefficiency. The voice-mail system requires users to go through multiple steps to perform even basic tasks, such as accessing messages. 4. Difficult to use. Due to the system's lack of intuitive design and unclear instructions, users find it challenging to interact with the voice-mail system effectively. 5. Lack of visual indicators. The absence of a visual indicator to notify users about the presence and number of messages further complicates the user experience.  Case study Every time you check-in in a different hotel room, you will use a different tv remote controller. Sketch and discuss the simplest, easiest to use tv remote controller. Problem with tv remote control 1. User-centered design. The TV remote control should be designed with the user in mind, considering their needs and preferences during the design process. 2. Clear and logical arrangement. The buttons on the remote control should be clearly labeled and logically arranged, making it easy for users to locate and use them. 3. Readability considerations. The remote control should have legible labels and button placement, taking into account users who may need reading glasses. 4. Ergonomic design. The remote control should be shaped to fit comfortably in the palm of the hand, providing a comfortable and ergonomic grip for users. 5. Playful and distinctive visuals. The remote control should features colorful buttons and cartoon icons, adding a touch of playfulness and making it visually appealing and easy to identify different functions. What Is the Best Way to Interact with a Smart TV? The process of interaction design  Interaction design is a process that follows the phases of the double- diamond of design  ID has specific activities that focus on:   Discovering requirements Designing to fulfill the requirements discovered } Discover, Define   Producing prototype(s) according to the design Evaluating the prototype(s) } Develop, Deliver  Interaction design focuses on users and their goals, and involves trade- offs to balance conflicting requirements 15 The process of interaction design  1. Discovering requirements  To understand the target users and the support that the product could provide  Forms the basis of the product’s requirements  Supports the design and development  Get from data gathering and analysis (to be discussed in Unit 3)  2. Designing to fulfill the requirements discovered  To propose ideas (called alternatives) to meet the requirements  Involves conceptual design and concrete design 16 The process of interaction design  3. Producing prototype(s) according to the design  To communicate the designs and potential solutions to users and others involved  The designs are captured and expressed in forms that can be reviewed, revised and improved  An example of these forms is the prototype (a limited version of the final product)  4. Evaluating the prototypes  To determine the usability and acceptability in terms of a variety of criteria  Evaluation complements and enhances quality assurance and testing to make sure the final product is fit for its intended purpose 17 The process of interaction design  The classic simple lifecycle model of ID shows how the four activities of ID are related  It incorporates the principles of user-centered design 18 Google Design Sprint www.agilemarketing.net/google-design-sprints. A framework for research in the wild studies Source: Rogers and Marshall (2017), p. 6. Used courtesy of Morgan & Claypool Approaches to interaction design  There are 4 main approaches to interaction design (Saffer, 2010): * this is the approach that will be used in this course User- Activity- centered centered design* design Systems Genius design design  The selected approach must be chosen with the design problem taken into consideration (must fit the design problem) 21 Approaches to ID – user-centered design  User-centered design  User is the guide to the designer  The designer’s role is to translate the users’ needs and goals into a design solution  “User knows best”  Users and their goals are the driving force behind product development 22 Approaches to ID – user-centered design  3 principles that form the basis of user-centered approach, by Gould & Lewis (1985) for “useful and easy to use computer systems”:  Principle 1. Early focus on users and tasks  First, understand who the users will be  5 principles:  Users’ task and goals are the driving force behind the development  Users’ behaviors and context of use are studied, and the system is designed to support them  Users’ characteristics are captured and designed for  Users are consulted throughout development from earliest phases to the latest  All design decisions are taken within the context of the users, their activities, and their environment 23 Approaches to ID – user-centered design  Principle 2. Empirical measurement  Specific usability and UX goals should be identified, clearly documented, and agreed upon at the beginning of the project  Help designers to choose between alternative designs and check on the progress as the product is developed  The goals will allow the product to be empirically evaluated at regular stages throughout development 24 Approaches to ID – user-centered design  Principle 3. Iterative design  Allows designs to be refined based on feedback  As users and designers discuss, what is needed, what will help, and what is feasible will emerge  Activities to inform each other and to be repeated  Ideas will need to be revised in light of feedback, likely several times  The solution is rarely gotten right the first time 25 Who is involved in interaction design?  Ideally carried out by multidisciplinary teams  Engineers, designers, programmers, psychologists, marketing people, artists, product managers etc.  It is rarely the case a design team would have all these professionals  Who to include in a team depends on factors:  Company’s design philosophy, size, purpose, product line  Benefits: more ideas generated, more methods developed, more creative and original designs produced, more perspectives  Downside: costs, different perspectives, communication, confusion, misunderstanding, integration  Case study Assume you are involved in developing a novel online experience for buying garden plants. Although many websites exist for buying plants online, you want to produce a distinct experience to increase the organization’s market share. Suggest ways of applying the previous principles in this task. Some Practical Issues  Who are the users?  What are the users’ needs?  How to generate alternative designs  How to choose among alternatives  How to integrate interaction design activities with other lifecycle models Watch this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zAQw6UhQLs