Physics Notes PDF

1.Newtons first law of motion ( Inertia) states that a object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon an external net force 2.The lesser the mass the lesser the inertia which means their directly proportional 3.Inertia – tendancy o...

1.Newtons first law of motion ( Inertia) states that a object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon an external net force 2.The lesser the mass the lesser the inertia which means their directly proportional 3.Inertia – tendancy of every object to resist a change in their state of motion 4.Mass – is the measure of inertia and its standard unit is kilogram (kg) 5.Net force – is the sum of a forces action on two objects sliding against each other 6.Friction – is the force acting on two objects sliding against each other, which opposes motion 7.Newtons 2nd law of motion (Acceleration) – states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional (equal) to the net force applied on it, and is inversely proportional to its own mass 8. Acceleration - is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respected time. 9. as net force is applied on an object increases, its acceleration also increases 10. as masss of an object increases, its acceleration decreases 11. if acceleration is high, force is also high 12. Newtons 3rd law (Interaction) - states that if you apply pressure on a table, it also applies a pressure back 13. Proportional energy is the energy waiting to be released. Example is a apple from a tree 14. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion 15. two forms of mechanical energy potentian energy and kinetic energy 16. Gravitational potential energy is the energy possed by a of a object 17. potential energy converts to kinetic energy when potential energy is released 18. standard unit for energy JOULE 19. Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy 20. Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness. Energy flows from hot to cold 21. Heat transfers from one meduim/object to another. energy flows from hot to cold 22. sound travels faster in hotter places rather than colder places 23. when temperature increases the spread of sound also increases 24. higher temperature = to more energy and more energy = more vibrations and more vibrations = more soundwave 25. during day time air near the ground is warmer than the layers above at high altitudes (ex: mountains) 26. during night time layers of air near the ground are cools faster than the layers up high, which means its hotter on the mountains when its night 27. light is a form of energy 28. light can be converted from one form to another 29. light travels faster when in a straight line 30. the spread of light in a vacuum is approximately 3.0 x 10(squared) 31. when light meets bounderies rough or smooth surfaces it reflects 32. when light passes from one transparent medium to another at a angle other than 90 degrees angle with the boundary, it is reflected 33. light is known as visible light or referred as electro magnetic radion that can be detected by the human eye 34. dispersion is a reflection of light in a spectrum of wavelenghts composing the light, it is a special kind of refraction that splits white light into different colors (Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Violet) 35. sunligt seperates into different colors known as the color spectrum once it passes through a prism the colors consist of red, orange, yellow, blue, violet which are the colors of the rainbow 36. different colors bend at different degrees 37. refractive index - violet is the highest refractive, red is the lowest 38. the higher the refractive index the slower the speed, 39. the higher the refractive index the lower the wavelenght, they are inversely 40. the higher the frequency the higher the energy they are proportional to each other 41. the higher the wavelenght the lower the energy, they are inversely 42. heat energy - reason why somethings move 43. heat capacity - is the heat required to raise the temperature of an object or substance. It is also dependent on the mass of the object 44. specific heat capacity - specific amount of mass. it explains how much heat of a substance can absorb to increase its temperature