Lower Limb Muscle Charts PDF

Cheat Sheet (English Terminology) Lower Limb: Muscle Charts www.kenhub.com  Hip and thigh muscles Gluteal Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function Lateroposteri...

Cheat Sheet (English Terminology) Lower Limb: Muscle Charts www.kenhub.com  Hip and thigh muscles Gluteal Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, Hip joint: Thigh extension, Gluteal surface of ilium Thigh external rotation, Gluteus Iliotibial tract, Gluteal Inferior gluteal nerve (L5- (behind posterior gluteal Thigh abduction (superior maximus tuberosity of femur S2) line), Thoracolumbar part), Thigh adduction fascia, Sacrotuberous (inferior part) ligament Gluteal surface of ilium Lateral aspect of greater Gluteus medius (between anterior and trochanter of femur Hip joint: Thigh abduction, posterior gluteal lines) Thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis Gluteal surface of ilium Anterior aspect of stabilization Gluteus (between anterior and greater trochanter of minimus inferior gluteal lines) femur Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) Hip joint: Thigh internal rotation, (Weak abduction); Anterior superior iliac Tensor fasciae Knee joint: Leg external spine (ASIS), Outer lip of Iliotibial tract latae rotation, (Weak leg flexion/ iliac crest extension); Stabilises hip & knee joints  Inner Hip Origin Insertion Innervation Function Muscles Iliacus Iliac fossa Femoral nerve (L2-L4) Vertebral bodies of T12- Lesser trochanter of Hip joint: Thigh/trunk L4, Intervertebral discs femur flexion, Thigh external Psoas major between T12-L4, Costal rotation; Trunk lateral processes of L1-L5 Anterior rami of spinal flexion (Psoas major/minor vertebrae nerves L1-L3 only) Vertebral bodies of T12 & Iliopubic eminence, Psoas minor L1 vertebrae Pectineal line of pubis Anterior surface of Obturator obturator membrane, Trochanteric fossa of Obturator nerve (L3, L4) externus Bony boundaries of femur obturator foramen Ischiopubic ramus, Obturator Medial surface of greater Posterior surface of internus trochanter of femur Triceps coxae obturator membrane Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) Hip joint: Thigh external Superior Ischial spine Medial surface of greater rotation, Thigh abduction gemellus trochanter of femur, (via (from flexed hip); Stabilises tendon of obturator head of femur in Inferior internus) Nerve to quadratus acetabulum Ischial tuberosity gemellus femoris (L4-S1) Anterior surface of the sacrum (between the S2 and S4), Gluteal surface Apex of greater Nerve to piriformis Piriformis of ilium (near posterior trochanter of femur (S1-S2) inferior iliac spine), (Sacrotuberous ligament) Hip joint: Thigh external Quadratus Intertrochanteric crest of Nerve to quadratus Ischial tuberosity rotation; Stabilises head of femoris femur femoris (L4-S1) femur in acetabulum Anterior thigh Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Proximal end of tibia Thigh abduction, Thigh Anterior superior iliac Sartorius below medial condyle external rotation; Knee spine (ASIS) (via pes anserinus) joint: Leg flexion, Leg internal rotation Anterior inferior iliac Hip joint: Thigh flexion; Rectus femoris spine, Supracetabluar Knee joint: Leg extension groove Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), Patella Quadriceps femoris Vastus Anterior surface of Femoral nerve (L2-L4) intermedius femoral shaft Linea aspera of femur, Tibial tuberosity (via Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter of patellar ligament), Patella, femur (Lateral condyle of tibia) Knee joint: Leg extension Intertrochanteric line, spiral line and linea Tibial tuberosity (via Vastus medialis aspera, medial patellar ligament), Patella, supracondylar line of (Medial condyle of tibia) femur Posterior thigh Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles (Superolateral Semimembranosus impression of) Medial condyle of tibia Hip joint: Thigh extension, Ischial tuberosity Thigh internal rotation; Tibial division of sciatic Knee joint: Leg flexion, Leg nerve (L5-S2) (Posteromedial Proximal end of tibia internal rotation; Stabilises Semitendinosus impression of) below medial condyle pelvis Ischial tuberosity (via pes anserinus) Long head: (Inferomedial impression of) Ischial tuberosity, Long head: Tibial division Sacrotuberous Hip joint: Thigh extension, of sciatic nerve (L5-S2) Thigh external rotation; ligament (Lateral aspect of) Biceps femoris Knee joint: Leg flexion, Leg Head of fibula Short head: Common external rotation; Stabilises Short head: Linea fibular division of sciatic pelvis aspera of femur nerve (L5-S2) (lateral lip), Lateral supracondylar line of femur Medial thigh Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh Superior pubic ramus Pectineal line of femur, Femoral nerve (L2, L3) Pectineus external rotation, Thigh (Pectineal line of pubis) Linea aspera of femur (Obturator nerve (L2, L3) internal rotation; Pelvis stabilization Adductor part: Inferior Adductor part: Gluteal Adductor part: Obturator Hip joint: Thigh flexion, pubic ramus, Ischial tuberosity, Linea aspera nerve (L2-L4) Thigh adduction, Thigh ramus (medial lip), Medial external rotation (adductor Adductor supracondylar line Ischiocondylar part: Tibial part), Thigh extension, magnus Ischiocondylar part: division of sciatic nerve Thigh internal rotation Ischial tuberosity Ischiocondylar part: (L4) (ischiocondylar part); Pelvis Adductor tubercle of stabilization femur Adductor Gluteal tuberosity of Hip joint: Thigh adduction, Inferior public ramus minimus femur Thigh external rotation Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Adductor Thigh adduction, Thigh Anterior body of pubis longus external rotation; Pelvis Obturator nerve (L2-L4) stabilization Linea aspera of femur (medial lip) Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Anterior body of pubis, Thigh adduction, Thigh Adductor brevis Inferior pubic ramus external rotation; Pelvis stabilization Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Anterior body of pubis, Medial surface of Thigh adduction; Knee Gracilis Inferior pubic ramus, proximal tibia (via pes Obturator nerve (L2-L3) joint: Leg flexion, Leg Ischial ramus anserinus) internal rotation  Leg muscles Anterior leg Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Talocrural Joint: Foot Lateral tibial condyle, dorsiflexion; Subtalar joint: proximal half of lateral Medial cuneiform bone, Tibialis anterior Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) Foot inversion; Supports surface of tibia, Base of metatarsal bone 1 medial longitudinal arch of Interosseous membrane foot Metatarsophalangeal and (Middle third of ) Medial Extensor Base of distal phalanx of interphalangeal joint 1: Toe surface of fibula, hallucis longus great toe extension; Talocrural joint: Interosseous membrane Foot dorsiflexion Metatarsophalangeal and (Proximal half of) Medial interphalangeal joints 2-5: Extensor surface of fibula, Lateral Distal and middle Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) Toe extension; Talocrural digitorum tibial condyle, phalanges of digits 2-5 joint: Foot dorsiflexion; longus Interosseus membrane Subtalar joint: Foot eversion (Distal third of) Medial Talocrural joint: Foot Dorsal surface of base of Fibularis tertius surface of fibula, Anterior dorsiflexion; Subtalar joint: metatarsal bone 5 intermuscular septum Foot eversion Lateral leg Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Head of fibula, Proximal Talocrural joint: Foot 2/3 of lateral surface of plantar flexion; Subtalar Medial cuneiform bone, Fibularis longus fibula, Anterior and joint: Foot eversion; Metatarsal bone 1 posterior intermuscular Supports longitudinal and septa Superficial fibular nerve transverse arches of foot (L5, S1) Distal 2/3 of lateral Talocrural joint: Foot Tuberosity of metatarsal Fibularis brevis surface of fibula, Anterior plantar flexion; Subtalar bone 5 intermuscular septum joint: Foot eversion Posterior leg Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Lateral head: Posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle Talocrural joint: Foot Gastrocnemius plantar flexion; Knee joint: Medial head: Posterior Leg flexion surface of medial femoral condyle, Popliteal surface of femoral shaft Posterior surface of calcaneus Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Soleal line, Medial border (via calcaneal tendon) Talocrural joint: Foot Soleus of tibia, Head of fibula, plantar flexion Posterior border of fibula Lateral supracondylar line Talocrural joint: Foot of femur, Oblique Plantaris plantar flexion; Knee joint: popliteal ligament of Knee flexion knee Lateral femoral condyle, Posterior surface of Unlocks knee joint; Knee Popliteus Posterior horn of lateral Tibial nerve (L5-S2) proximal tibia joint stabilization meniscus of knee joint Tuberosity of navicular Talocrural joint: Foot Posterior surface of tibia, bone, All cuneiform plantar flexion; Subtalar Tibialis Posterior surface of bones, bases of Tibial nerve (L4, L5) joint: Foot inversion; posterior fibula, Interosseous metatarsal bones 2-4 Supports medial membrane (Cuboid bone) longitudinal arch of foot Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Flexor Posterior surface of tibia, Bases of distal phalanges Toe flexion; Talocrural joint: digitorum Tibial nerve (L5-S2) (inferior to soleal line) of digits 2-5 Foot plantar flexion; longus Subtalar joint: Foot inversion (Distal 2/3 of) Posterior Metatarsophalangeal and surface of fibula, interphalangeal joint 1: Toe Flexor hallucis Interosseous membrane, Base of distal phalanx of flexion; Talocrural joint: Tibial nerve (S2, S3) longus Posterior intermuscular great toe Foot plantar flexion; septum, Fascia of tibialis Subtalar joint: Foot posterior muscle inversion  Foot muscles Medial plantar Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Medial process of Metatarsophalangeal joint Abductor calcaneal tuberosity, Base of proximal phalanx Medial plantar nerve 1: Toe abduction, Toe hallucis Flexor retinaculum, of great toe (S1-S3) flexion; Support of Plantar aponeurosis longitudinal arch of foot Tendon of tibialis Lateral and medial posterior, Medial Metatarsophalangeal joint Flexor hallucis aspects of base of Medial plantar nerve cuneiform bone, Lateral 1: Toe flexion; Support of brevis promixal phalanx of great (S1,S2) cuneiform bone, Cuboid longitudinal arch of foot toe bone Oblique head: bases metatarsal bones 2-4, Cuboid bone, Lateral Adductor cuneiform bone, Tendon Metatarsophalangeal joint hallucis of fibularis longus muscle Lateral aspect of base of 1: Toe adduction, Toe Lateral plantar nerve (*located in proximal phalanx of great flexion; Support of (S2,S3) central Transverse head: plantar toe longitudinal and transverse compartment) metatarsophalangeal & arches of foot deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of toes 3-5 Central plantar Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Flexor Medial process of calcaneal Metatarsophalangeal joints Middle phalanges of Medial plantar nerve digitorum tuberosity, Plantar 2-5: Toe flexion; Supports digits 2-5 (S1-S3) brevis aponeurosis longitudinal arch of foot Medial surface of Quadratus calcaneus bone, Lateral Tendon of flexor Lateral plantar nerve Metatarsophalangeal joints plantae process of calcaneal digitorum longus (S1-S3) 2-5: Toe flexion tuberosity Lumbrical 1: Medial Metatarsophalangeal joints Medial bases of proximal Tendons of flexor plantar nerve (S2,S3); 2-5: Toe flexion, Toes Lumbricals (4) phalanges and extensor digitorum longus Lumbricals 2-4: Lateral adduction; Interphalangeal expansion of digits 2-5 plantar nerve (S2-S3) joints 2-5: Toes extension Metatarsophalangeal joints Medial bases of proximal Plantar Medial aspects of 3-5: Toe flexion, Toes phalanges and extensor interossei (3) metatarsal bones 3-5 adduction; Interphalangeal expansion of digits 3-5 joints 3-5: Toes extension 1: Medial base of Lateral plantar nerve proximal phalanx of (S2-S3) Metatarsophalangeal joints digit 2 Dorsal Opposing sides of 2-4: Toe flexion, Toe 2-4: Lateral bases of interossei (4) metatarsal bones 1-5 abduction; Interphalangeal proximal phalanges and joints 2-4: Toe extension extensor expansion of digits 2-4 Lateral plantar Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Metatarsophalangeal joint Base of proximal Abductor digiti Calcaneal tuberosity, Lateral plantar nerve 5: Toe abduction, Toe phalanx of digit 5, minimi Plantar aponeurosis (S1-S3) flexion; Supports Metatarsal bone 5 longitudinal arch of foot Flexor digiti Base of metatarsal bone 5, Base of proximal Lateral plantar nerve Metatarsophalangeal joint minimi brevis Long plantar ligament phalanx of digit 5 (S2-S3) 5: Toe flexion Long plantar ligament, Metatarsophalangeal joint Opponens digiti Base of metatarsal bone 5, Lateral border of Lateral plantar nerve 5: Toe abduction, Toe minimi Tendon sheath of fibularis metatarsal bone 5 (S2-S3) flexion longus Dorsal muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function Superolateral surface of Extensor calcaneus bone, Extensor digitorum Distal interphalangeal digitorum interosseous talocalcaneal longus tendons of toes joints 2-4: Toe extension brevis ligament; Stem of inferior 2–4 Deep fibular/peroneal extensor retinaculum nerve (L5,S1) Extensor Superolateral surface of Proximal phalanx of Metatarsophalangeal joint hallucis brevis calcaneus bone great toe 1: Toe extension  Complete your muscle charts collection Congratulations - you’ve conquered the origins, insertions, innervations and functions of the muscles of the lower limb! But there’s still a lot of muscles to learn, so don’t stop here. The next step is to master the upper limb, trunk wall, and head and neck. Luckily, we have muscle charts on every region of the body. Click below to learn more. Cheat Sheet (English Terminology) Head and Neck: Muscle Charts www.kenhub.com LEARN MORE