501 Challenging Logic and Reasoning Problems PDF

501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 2nd Edition ® NEW YORK Copyright © 2005 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Pub...

501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 2nd Edition ® NEW YORK Copyright © 2005 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 501 challenging logic & reasoning problems. p. cm.—(LearningExpress skill builders practice) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-57685-534-1 1. Logic—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Reasoning—Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Critical thinking—Problems, exercises, etc. I. LearningExpress (Organization) II. Title: 501 challenging logic and reasoning problems. III. Series. BC108.A15 2006 160'.76—dc22 2005057953 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Second Edition ISBN 1-57685-534-1 For information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com  Contents INTRODUCTION vii QUESTIONS 1 ANSWERS 99 v  Introduction T his book—which can be used alone, with other logic and reasoning texts of your choice, or in com- bination with LearningExpress’s Reasoning Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day—will give you practice dealing with the types of multiple-choice questions that appear on standardized tests assessing logic, reasoning, judgment, and critical thinking. It is designed to be used by individuals working on their own and by teachers or tutors helping students learn, review, or practice basic logic and reasoning skills. Practice on 501 logic and reasoning questions will go a long way in alleviating test anxiety, too! Maybe you’re one of the millions of people who, as students in elementary or high school, never understood the necessity of having to read opinion essays and draw conclusions from the writer’s argument. Or maybe you never understood why you had to work through all those verbal analogies or number series questions. Maybe you were one of those people who could never see a “plan of attack” when working through logic games or critical think- ing puzzles. Or perhaps you could never see a connection between everyday life and analyzing evidence from a series of tedious reading passages. If you fit into one of these groups, this book is for you. First, know you are not alone. It is true that some people relate more easily than do others to number series questions, verbal analogies, logic games, and reading passages that present an argument. And that’s okay; we all have unique talents. Still, it’s a fact that for most jobs today, critical thinking skills—including analytical and log- ical reasoning—are essential. The good news is that these skills can be developed with practice. Learn by doing. It’s an old lesson, tried and true. And it’s the tool this book is designed to give you. The 501 logic and reasoning questions that follow will provide you with lots of practice. As you work through each set of questions, you’ll be gaining a solid understanding of basic analytical and logical reasoning skills—all without mem- orizing! The purpose of this book is to help you improve your critical thinking through encouragement, no frustration. vii  – INTRODUCTION –  An Over view Working on Your Own If you are working alone to improve your logic skills or 501 Challenging Logic and Reasoning Problems is prepare for a test in connection with a job or school, divided into 37 sets of questions: you will probably want to use this book in combination with its companion text, Reasoning Skills Success in 20 Sets 1–4: Number Series Minutes a Day, 2nd Edition, or with some other basic Sets 5–6: Letter and Symbol Series reasoning skills text. If you’re fairly sure of your basic Sets 7–8: Verbal Classification logic and reasoning abilities, however, you can use 501 Sets 9–11: Essential Part Challenging Logic and Reasoning Problems by itself. Sets 12–17: Analogies Use the answer key at the end of the book not Sets 18–19: Artificial Language only to find out if you got the right answer, but also to Set 20: Matching Definitions learn how to tackle similar kinds of questions next Set 21: Making Judgments time. Every answer is explained. Make sure you under- Set 22: Verbal Reasoning stand the explanations—usually by going back to the Sets 23–27: Logic Problems questions—before moving on to the next set. Sets 28–31: Logic Games Sets 32–37: Analyzing Arguments Tutoring Others This book will work well in combination with almost Each set contains between 5–20 questions, any analytical reasoning or logic text. You will proba- depending on their length and difficulty. The book is bly find it most helpful to give students a brief lesson specifically organized to help you build confidence as in the particular operation they’ll be learning— you further develop your logic and reasoning skills. number series, verbal classification, artificial language, 501 Challenging Logic and Reasoning Problems begins logic problems, analyzing arguments—and then have with basic number and letter series questions, and then them spend the remainder of the session actually moves on to verbal classification, artificial language, answering the questions in the sets. You will want to and matching definition items. The last sets contain stress the importance of learning by doing and of logic problems, logic games, and logical reasoning checking their answers and reading the explanations questions. By the time you reach the last question, carefully. Make sure they understand a particular set of you’ll feel confident that you’ve improved your critical questions before you assign the next one. thinking and logical reasoning abilities.  Additional Resources  How to Use This Book Answering the 501 logic and reasoning questions in this Whether you’re working alone or helping someone book will give you lots of practice. Another way to brush up his or her critical thinking and reasoning improve your reasoning ability is to read and study on skills, this book will give you the opportunity to prac- your own and devise your own unique methods of tice, practice, practice! attacking logic problems. Following is a list of logic and reasoning books you may want to buy or take out of the library: viii  – INTRODUCTION – REASONING CRITICAL THINKING Reasoning Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day Critical Thinking by Alec Fisher (Cambridge (2nd Edition) by LearningExpress University Press) Critical Reasoning: A Practical Introduction by Brainplay: Challenging Puzzles & Thinking Anne Thomson (Routledge) Games by Tom Werneck (Sterling) Attacking Faulty Reasoning: A Practical Guide to Challenging Critical Thinking Puzzles by Fallacy-Free Arguments by T. Edward Damer Michael A. Dispezio and Myron Miller (Wadsworth) (Sterling) Thinking Critically: Techniques for Logical Rea- Becoming a Critical Thinker: A User-Friendly soning by James H. Kiersky and Nicholas J. Manual by Sherry Diestler (Prentice Hall) Caste (Wadsworth) ANALOGIES LOGIC 501 Word Analogy Questions by Learning- Essential Logic: Basic Reasoning Skills for the Express Twenty-First Century by Ronald C. Pine Analogies for Beginners by Lynne Chatham (Oxford University Press) (Dandy Lion Publications) Increase Your Puzzle IQ: Tips and Tricks for Cracking the MAT (3rd Edition) by Marcia Building Your Logic Power by Marcel Danesi Lerner (Princeton Review) (Wiley) Amazing Logic Puzzles by Norman D. Willis (Sterling) Challenging Logic Puzzles by Barry R. Clarke (Sterling) ix  Questions R eady to test your mental abilities? Your 501 challenging logic and reasoning problems begin on the next page. They’re grouped together in sets of 5–20 questions with a common theme. You can work through the sets in order or jump around, whichever you choose. When you finish a set, check your answers beginning on page 99. 1  – QUESTIONS –  Set 1 (Answers begin on page 99.) 4. Look at this series: 544, 509, 474, 439,... What number should come next? Start off with these simple series of numbers. Number a. 404 series questions measure your ability to reason without b. 414 words. To answer these questions, you must determine c. 420 the pattern of the numbers in each series before you will d. 445 be able to choose which number comes next. These questions involve only simple arithmetic. Although 5. Look at this series: 201, 202, 204, 207,... What most number series items progress by adding or sub- number should come next? tracting, some questions involve simple multiplication a. 205 or division. In each series, look for the degree and b. 208 direction of change between the numbers. In other c. 210 words, do the numbers increase or decrease, and by d. 211 how much? 6. Look at this series: 8, 22, 8, 28, 8,... What 1. Look at this series: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,... What num- number should come next? ber should come next? a. 9 a. 11 b. 29 b. 12 c. 32 c. 13 d. 34 d. 14 7. Look at this series: 80, 10, 70, 15, 60,... What 2. Look at this series: 58, 52, 46, 40, 34,... What number should come next? number should come next? a. 20 a. 26 b. 25 b. 28 c. 30 c. 30 d. 50 d. 32 8. Look at this series: 36, 34, 30, 28, 24,... What 3. Look at this series: 40, 40, 47, 47, 54,... What number should come next? number should come next? a. 20 a. 40 b. 22 b. 44 c. 23 c. 54 d. 26 d. 61 9. Look at this series: 22, 21, 23, 22, 24, 23,... What number should come next? a. 22 b. 24 c. 25 d. 26 2  – QUESTIONS – 10. Look at this series: 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12,... What 16. Look at this series: 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12,... What number should come next? number should come next? a. 7 a. 7 b. 10 b. 10 c. 14 c. 12 d. 15 d. 13 11. Look at this series: 31, 29, 24, 22, 17,... What 17. Look at this series: 14, 28, 20, 40, 32, 64,... number should come next? What number should come next? a. 15 a. 52 b. 14 b. 56 c. 13 c. 96 d. 12 d. 128 12. Look at this series: 21, 9, 21, 11, 21, 13,... 18. Look at this series: 1.5, 2.3, 3.1, 3.9,... What What number should come next? number should come next? a. 14 a. 4.2 b. 15 b. 4.4 c. 21 c. 4.7 d. 23 d. 5.1 13. Look at this series: 53, 53, 40, 40, 27, 27,... 19. Look at this series: 5.2, 4.8, 4.4, 4,... What What number should come next? number should come next? a. 12 a. 3 b. 14 b. 3.3 c. 27 c. 3.5 d. 53 d. 3.6 14. Look at this series: 2, 6, 18, 54,... What num- 20. Look at this series: 2, 1, 12, 14,... What number ber should come next? should come next? a. 108 a. 1  3 b. 148 1 b.  c. 162 8 2 d. 216 c.  8 1 d. 16 15. Look at this series: 1,000, 200, 40,... What number should come next? a. 8 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 3  – QUESTIONS –  Set 2 (Answers begin on page 101.) 24. 18 21 25 18 29 33 18 a. 43 18 This set contains additional, and sometimes more b. 41 44 difficult, number series questions. Again, each ques- c. 37 18 tion has a definite pattern. Some of the number series d. 37 41 may be interrupted by a particular number that e. 38 41 appears periodically in the pattern. For example, in the series 14, 16, 32, 18, 20, 32, 22, 24, 32, the number 25. 9 11 33 13 15 33 17 32 appears as every third number. Sometimes, the a. 19 33 pattern contains two alternating series. For example, b. 33 35 in the series 1, 5, 3, 7, 5, 9, 7, the pattern is add 4, sub- c. 33 19 tract 2, add 4, subtract 2, and so on. Look carefully for d. 15 33 the pattern, and then choose which pair of numbers e. 19 21 comes next. Note also that you will be choosing from five options instead of four. 26. 2 8 14 20 26 32 38 a. 2 46 b. 44 50 21. 84 78 72 66 60 54 48 c. 42 48 a. 44 34 d. 40 42 b. 42 36 e. 32 26 c. 42 32 d. 40 34 27. 28 25 5 21 18 5 14 e. 38 32 a. 11 5 b. 10 7 22. 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 c. 11 8 a. 39 44 d. 5 10 b. 38 44 e. 10 5 c. 38 43 d. 37 42 28. 9 12 11 14 13 16 15 e. 33 38 a. 14 13 b. 18 21 23. 20 20 17 17 14 14 11 c. 14 17 a. 8 8 d. 12 13 b. 11 11 e. 18 17 c. 11 14 d. 8 9 29. 75 65 85 55 45 85 35 e. 11 8 a. 25 15 b. 25 85 c. 35 25 d. 85 35 e. 25 75 4  – QUESTIONS – 30. 1 10 7 20 13 30 19 36. 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 a. 26 40 a. 59 66 b. 29 36 b. 56 62 c. 40 25 c. 58 66 d. 25 31 d. 58 65 e. 40 50 e. 54 61 31. 10 20 25 35 40 50 55 37. 8 22 12 16 22 20 24 a. 70 65 a. 28 32 b. 60 70 b. 28 22 c. 60 75 c. 22 28 d. 60 65 d. 32 36 e. 65 70 e. 22 26 32. 40 40 31 31 22 22 13 38. 6 20 8 14 10 8 12 a. 13 4 a. 14 10 b. 13 5 b. 2 18 c. 4 13 c. 4 12 d. 9 4 d. 2 14 e. 4 4 e. 14 14 33. 17 17 34 20 20 31 23 39. 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 a. 26 23 a. 47 52 b. 34 20 b. 46 52 c. 23 33 c. 45 49 d. 27 28 d. 46 51 e. 23 28 e. 46 52 34. 2 3 4 5 6 4 8 40. 8 11 21 15 18 21 22 a. 9 10 a. 25 18 b. 4 8 b. 25 21 c. 10 4 c. 25 29 d. 9 4 d. 24 21 e. 8 9 e. 22 26 35. 61 57 50 61 43 36 61 a. 29 61 b. 27 20 c. 31 61 d. 22 15 e. 29 22 5  – QUESTIONS –  Set 3 (Answers begin on page 102.) 46. 14 14 26 26 38 38 50 a. 60 72 This set will give you additional practice dealing with b. 50 62 number series questions. c. 50 72 d. 62 62 41. 44 41 38 35 32 29 26 e. 62 80 a. 24 21 b. 22 19 47. 8 12 9 13 10 14 11 c. 23 19 a. 14 11 d. 29 32 b. 15 12 e. 23 20 c. 8 15 d. 15 19 42. 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 e. 8 5 a. 36 40 b. 33 37 48. 4 7 26 10 13 20 16 c. 38 42 a. 14 4 d. 34 36 b. 14 17 e. 34 38 c. 18 14 d. 19 13 43. 34 30 26 22 18 14 10 e. 19 14 a. 8 6 b. 6 4 49. 3 8 10 15 17 22 24 c. 14 18 a. 26 28 d. 6 2 b. 29 34 e. 4 0 c. 29 31 d. 26 31 44. 2 44 4 41 6 38 8 e. 26 32 a. 10 12 b. 35 32 50. 17 14 14 11 11 8 8 c. 34 9 a. 8 5 d. 35 10 b. 5 2 e. 10 52 c. 8 2 d. 5 5 45. 32 29 26 23 20 17 14 e. 5 8 a. 11 8 b. 12 8 51. 13 29 15 26 17 23 19 c. 11 7 a. 21 23 d. 32 29 b. 20 21 e. 10 9 c. 20 17 d. 25 27 e. 22 20 6  – QUESTIONS – 52. 16 26 56 36 46 68 56 57. 11 14 14 17 17 20 20 a. 80 66 a. 23 23 b. 64 82 b. 23 26 c. 66 80 c. 21 24 d. 78 68 d. 24 24 e. 66 82 e. 24 27 53. 7 9 66 12 14 66 17 58. 17 32 19 29 21 26 23 a. 19 66 a. 25 25 b. 66 19 b. 20 22 c. 19 22 c. 23 25 d. 20 66 d. 25 22 e. 66 20 e. 27 32 54. 3 5 35 10 12 35 17 59. 10 34 12 31 14 28 16 a. 22 35 a. 25 18 b. 35 19 b. 30 13 c. 19 35 c. 19 26 d. 19 24 d. 18 20 e. 22 24 e. 25 22 55. 36 31 29 24 22 17 15 60. 32 31 32 29 32 27 32 a. 13 11 a. 25 32 b. 10 5 b. 31 32 c. 13 8 c. 29 32 d. 12 7 d. 25 30 e. 10 8 e. 29 30 56. 42 40 38 35 33 31 28 a. 25 22 b. 26 23 c. 26 24 d. 25 23 e. 26 22 7  – QUESTIONS –  Set 4 (Answers begin on page 103.) 65. Look at this series: 72, 76, 73, 77, 74, __, 75,... What number should fill the blank? This set contains additional number series questions, a. 70 some of which are in Roman numerals. These items dif- b. 71 fer from Sets 1, 2, and 3 because they ask you to find the c. 75 number that fits somewhere into the middle of the d. 78 series. Some of the items involve both numbers and let- ters; for these questions, look for a number series and 66. Look at this series: 70, 71, 76, __, 81, 86, 70, 91,... a letter series. (For additional practice in working let- What number should fill the blank? ter series questions, see Set 5.) a. 70 b. 71 61. Look at this series: 8, 43, 11, 41, __, 39, 17,... c. 80 What number should fill in the blank? d. 96 a. 8 b. 14 67. Look at this series: 664, 332, 340, 170, __, 89,... c. 43 What number should fill the blank? d. 44 a. 85 b. 97 62. Look at this series: 15, __, 27, 27, 39, 39,... c. 109 What number should fill the blank? d. 178 a. 51 b. 39 68. Look at this series: 0.15, 0.3, __, 1.2, 2.4,... c. 23 What number should fill the blank? d. 15 a. 4.8 b. 0.006 63. Look at this series: 83, 73, 93, 63, __, 93, 43,... c. 0.6 What number should fill the blank? d. 0.9 a. 33 b. 53 69. Look at this series: 19, 13, 1, __, 9,... What num- c. 73 ber should fill the blank? d. 93 a. 23 b. 3 64. Look at this series: 4, 7, 25, 10, __, 20, 16, 19,... c. 6 What number should fill the blank? d. 27 a. 13 b. 15 70. Look at this series: U32, V29, __, X23, Y20,... c. 20 What number should fill the blank? d. 28 a. W26 b. W17 c. Z17 d. Z26 8  – QUESTIONS – 71. Look at this series: J14, L16, __, P20, R22,... 74. Look at this series: XXIV, XX, __, XII, VIII,... What number should fill the blank? What number should fill the blank? a. S24 a. XXII b. N18 b. XIII c. M18 c. XVI d. T24 d. IV 72. Look at this series: F2, __, D8, C16, B32,... 75. Look at this series: VI, 10, V, 11, __, 12, III,... What number should fill the blank? What number should fill the blank? a. A16 a. II b. G4 b. IV c. E4 c. IX d. E3 d. 14 73. Look at this series: V, VIII, XI, XIV, __, XX,... What number should fill the blank? a. IX b. XXIII c. XV d. XVII 9  – QUESTIONS –  Set 5 (Answers begin on page 104.) 81. CMM EOO GQQ _____ KUU a. GRR Another type of sequence question involves a series of b. GSS letters in a pattern. Usually, these questions use the let- c. ISS ters’ alphabetical order as a base. To make matters more d. ITT complicated, sometimes subscript numbers will be thrown into the letter sequence. In these series, you will 82. QAR RAS SAT TAU _____ be looking at both the letter pattern and the number a. UAV pattern. Some of these questions ask you to fill the b. UAT blank in the middle of the series; others ask you to add c. TAS to the end of the series. d. TAT 83. DEF DEF2 DE2F2 _____ D2E2F3 76. QPO NML KJI _____ EDC a. DEF3 a. HGF b. D3EF3 b. CAB c. D2E3F c. JKL d. D2E2F2 d. GHI 84. SCD TEF UGH ____ WKL 77. JAK KBL LCM MDN _____ a. CMN a. OEP b. UJI b. NEO c. VIJ c. MEN d. IJT d. PFQ 85. FAG GAF HAI IAH ____ 78. B2CD _____ BCD4 B5CD BC6D a. JAK a. B2C2D b. HAL b. BC3D c. HAK c. B2C3D d. JAI d. BCD7 86. BCB DED FGF HIH ___ 79. ELFA GLHA ILJA _____ MLNA a. JKJ a. OLPA b. HJH b. KLMA c. IJI c. LLMA d. JHJ d. KLLA 87. ZA5 Y4B XC6 W3D _____ 80. P5QR P4QS P3QT _____ PQV a. E7V a. PQW b. V2E b. PQV2 c. VE5 c. P2QU d. VE7 d. PQ3U 10  – QUESTIONS –  Set 6 (Answers begin on page 105.) 93. This set contains sequence questions that use a series of nonverbal, nonnumber symbols. Look carefully at the sequence of symbols to find the pattern. a. b. c. d. 88. 94. a. b. c. d. 89. a. b. c. d. 95. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 90. 96. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 91. 97. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 92. 98. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 11  – QUESTIONS – 99. 101. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 100. a. b. c. d. 12  – QUESTIONS –  Set 7 (Answers begin on page 106.) 106. Which word does NOT belong with the others? The next two sets contain verbal classification ques- a. tulip tions. For these questions, the important thing (as the b. rose name “verbal classification” indicates) is to classify the c. bud words in the four answer choices. Three of the words d. daisy will be in the same classification; the remaining one will not be. Your answer will be the one word that does 107. Which word does NOT belong with the NOT belong in the same classification as the others. others? a. tire 102. Which word does NOT belong with the b. steering wheel others? c. engine a. leopard d. car b. cougar c. elephant 108. Which word does NOT belong with the d. lion others? a. parsley 103. Which word does NOT belong with the b. basil others? c. dill a. couch d. mayonnaise b. rug c. table 109. Which word does NOT belong with the d. chair others? a. branch 104. Which word does NOT belong with the b. dirt others? c. leaf a. tape d. root b. twine c. cord 110. Which word does NOT belong with the d. yarn others? a. unimportant 105. Which word does NOT belong with the b. trivial others? c. insignificant a. guitar d. familiar b. flute c. violin 111. Which word does NOT belong with the d. cello others? a. book b. index c. glossary d. chapter 13  – QUESTIONS – 112. Which word does NOT belong with the 116. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. noun a. street b. preposition b. freeway c. punctuation c. interstate d. adverb d. expressway 113. Which word does NOT belong with the 117. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. cornea a. dodge b. retina b. flee c. pupil c. duck d. vision d. avoid 114. Which word does NOT belong with the 118. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. rye a. heading b. sourdough b. body c. pumpernickel c. letter d. loaf d. closing 115. Which word does NOT belong with the others? a. inch b. ounce c. centimeter d. yard 14  – QUESTIONS –  Set 8 (Answers begin on page 123.) 124. Which word does NOT belong with the others? Here’s another set of classification questions. Remem- a. evaluate ber, you are looking for the word that does NOT belong b. assess in the same group as the others. Sometimes, all four c. appraise words seem to fit in the same group. If so, look more d. instruct closely to further narrow your classification. 125. Which word does NOT belong with the 119. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. eel a. core b. lobster b. seeds c. crab c. pulp d. shrimp d. slice 126. Which word does NOT belong with the 120. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. scythe a. unique b. knife b. beautiful c. pliers c. rare d. saw d. exceptional 127. Which word does NOT belong with the 121. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. two a. biology b. three b. chemistry c. six c. theology d. eight d. zoology 128. Which word does NOT belong with the 122. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. peninsula a. triangle b. island b. circle c. bay c. oval d. cape d. sphere 129. Which word does NOT belong with the 123. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. seat a. excite b. rung b. flourish c. cushion c. prosper d. leg d. thrive 15  – QUESTIONS – 130. Which word does NOT belong with the 134. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. fair a. acute b. just b. right c. equitable c. obtuse d. favorable d. parallel 131. Which word does NOT belong with the 135. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. defendant a. wing b. prosecutor b. fin c. trial c. beak d. judge d. rudder 132. Which word does NOT belong with the 136. Which word does NOT belong with the others? others? a. area a. aorta b. variable b. heart c. circumference c. liver d. quadrilateral d. stomach 133. Which word does NOT belong with the others? a. mayor b. lawyer c. governor d. senator 16  – QUESTIONS –  Set 9 (Answers begin on page 108.) 141. election a. president In the next three sets, you will be looking for the essen- b. voter tial part of something. Each question has an underlined c. November word followed by four answer choices. You will choose d. nation the word that is a necessary part of the underlined word. A good way to approach this type of question is 142. diploma to say the following sentence: “A ______ could not a. principal exist without ______.” Put the underlined word in the b. curriculum first blank. Try each of the answer choices in the second c. employment blank to see which choice is most logical. d. graduation For questions 137 through 151, find the word that 143. swimming names a necessary part of the underlined word. a. pool b. bathing suit 137. book c. water a. fiction d. life jacket b. pages c. pictures 144. school d. learning a. student b. report card 138. guitar c. test a. band d. learning b. teacher c. songs 145. language d. strings a. tongue b. slang 139. shoe c. writing a. sole d. words b. leather c. laces 146. desert d. walking a. cactus b. arid 140. respiration c. oasis a. mouth d. flat b. circulation c. oxygen 147. lightning d. carbon monoxide a. electricity b. thunder c. brightness d. rain 17  – QUESTIONS – 148. monopoly 150. gala a. corrupt a. celebration b. exclusive b. tuxedo c. rich c. appetizer d. gigantic d. orator 149. harvest 151. pain a. autumn a. cut b. stockpile b. burn c. tractor c. nuisance d. crop d. hurt 18  – QUESTIONS –  Set 10 (Answers begin on page 109.) 157. antique a. rarity Remember, you are looking for the essential part of b. artifact something. If you had trouble with Set 9, go back c. aged through the items and study each answer explanation. d. prehistoric Then work through this set of more difficult necessary part questions. 158. itinerary a. map For questions 152 through 166, find the word that b. route names a necessary part of the underlined word. c. travel d. guidebook 152. infirmary a. surgery 159. orchestra b. disease a. violin c. patient b. stage d. receptionist c. musician d. soloist 153. facsimile a. picture 160. knowledge b. image a. school c. mimeograph b. teacher d. copier c. textbook d. learning 154. domicile a. tenant 161. dimension b. dwelling a. compass c. kitchen b. ruler d. house c. inch d. measure 155. culture a. civility 162. sustenance b. education a. nourishment c. agriculture b. water d. customs c. grains d. menu 156. bonus a. reward 163. ovation b. raise a. outburst c. cash b. bravo d. employer c. applause d. encore 19  – QUESTIONS – 164. vertebrate 166. purchase a. backbone a. trade b. reptile b. money c. mammal c. bank d. animal d. acquisition 165. provisions a. groceries b. supplies c. gear d. caterers 20  – QUESTIONS –  Set 11 (Answers begin on page 111.) 172. wedding a. love Here is one more set of necessary part questions. This b. church set is somewhat more difficult than the previous two c. ring sets, and it should give you practice in mastering this d. marriage particular type of question. Remember: A good way to approach this type of question is to use the following 173. faculty sentence: “A ______ could not exist without ______.” a. buildings b. textbooks For questions 167 through 181, find the word that c. teachers names a necessary part of the underlined word. d. meetings 167. dome 174. cage a. rounded a. enclosure b. geodesic b. prisoner c. governmental c. animal d. coppery d. zoo 168. recipe 175. directory a. desserts a. telephone b. directions b. listing c. cookbook c. computer d. utensils d. names 169. hurricane 176. contract a. beach a. agreement b. cyclone b. document c. damage c. written d. wind d. attorney 170. autograph 177. saddle a. athlete a. horse b. actor b. seat c. signature c. stirrups d. pen d. horn 171. town 178. vibration a. residents a. motion b. skyscrapers b. electricity c. parks c. science d. libraries d. sound 21  – QUESTIONS – 179. cell 181. glacier a. chlorophyll a. mountain b. nucleus b. winter c. nerve c. prehistory d. human d. ice 180. champion a. running b. swimming c. winning d. speaking 22  – QUESTIONS –  Set 12 (Answers begin on page 113.) 185. Window is to pane as book is to a. novel. Here is the first of several sets of analogies. Analogies b. glass. test your ability to see relationships between words, c. cover. objects, or concepts. There are many different types of d. page. analogy relationships: use or function, part-to-whole, classification, proportion or degree, cause and effect, 186. Secretly is to openly as silently is to similarity or difference. In each of these verbal analo- a. scarcely. gies, you will be given a set of two related words, fol- b. impolitely. lowed by a third word and four answer choices. Of the c. noisily. four choices, you must identify the one that would best d. quietly. complete the second set so that it expresses the same relationship as the first set. A good way to figure out 187. Artist is to painting as senator is to the relationship in a given question is to make up a a. attorney. sentence that describes the relationship between the b. law. first two words. Then, try to use the same sentence to c. politician. find out which of the answer choices completes the d. constituents. same relationship with the third word. 188. Play is to actor as concert is to a. symphony. 182. Cup is to coffee as bowl is to b. musician. a. dish. c. piano. b. soup. d. percussion. c. spoon. d. food. 189. Careful is to cautious as boastful is to a. arrogant. 183. Exercise is to gym as eating is to b. humble. a. food. c. joyful. b. dieting. d. suspicious. c. fitness. d. restaurant. 190. Pride is to lion as school is to a. teacher. 184. Oar is to rowboat as foot is to b. student. a. running. c. self-respect. b. sneaker. d. fish. c. skateboard. d. jumping. 191. Guide is to direct as reduce is to a. decrease. b. maintain. c. increase. d. preserve. 23  – QUESTIONS – 192. Yard is to inch as quart is to 197. Odometer is to mileage as compass is to a. gallon. a. speed. b. ounce. b. hiking. c. milk. c. needle. d. liquid. d. direction. 193. Reptile is to lizard as flower is to 198. Optimist is to cheerful as pessimist is to a. petal. a. gloomy. b. stem. b. mean. c. daisy. c. petty. d. alligator. d. helpful. 194. Elated is to despondent as enlightened is to 199. Sponge is to porous as rubber is to a. aware. a. massive. b. ignorant. b. solid. c. miserable. c. elastic. d. tolerant. d. inflexible. 195. Marathon is to race as hibernation is to 200. Candid is to indirect as honest is to a. winter. a. frank. b. bear. b. wicked. c. dream. c. truthful. d. sleep. d. untruthful. 196. Embarrassed is to humiliated as frightened 201. Pen is to poet as needle is to is to a. thread. a. terrified. b. button. b. agitated. c. sewing. c. courageous. d. tailor. d. reckless. 24  – QUESTIONS –  Set 13 (Answers begin on page 115.) 203. Now that you have some practice working basic analo- gies, try these picture analogies, which will give you practice with nonverbal reasoning. Solve these picture analogies in the same way you solved the word analo- gies. For each item, you will be presented with a set of two pictures that are related to each other in the same way. Along with this pair, you’ll be given a third picture and four answer choices, which are also pictures. Of the four choices, choose the picture that would go in the empty box so that the two bottom pictures are related in the same way as the top two are related. a. b. c. d. 202. 204. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 25  – QUESTIONS – 205. 207. a. b. c. d. 208. a. b. c. d. 206. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 26  – QUESTIONS – 209. 211. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 212. 210. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 27  – QUESTIONS – 213. 215. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 214. 216. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 28  – QUESTIONS – 217. 219. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 218. 220. Soa p a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 29  – QUESTIONS – 221. T ONE CEN RTY BE LI a. b. c. d. 30  – QUESTIONS –  Set 14 (Answers begin on page 116.) 223. Here are more picture analogies for you to master. There is essentially no difference between verbal and picture analogies, except that you have to take an extra first step by naming each picture. Make sure you under- stand the relationship between the first set of pictures before you attempt to choose an answer. Make up a sen- tence that describes this relationship. From the four answer choices, choose the picture that would go in the empty box so that the two bottom pictures are related in the same way as the top two are related. 222. a. b. c. d. 224. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 31  – QUESTIONS – 225. 227. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 226. 228. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 32  – QUESTIONS – 229. 231. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 232. 230. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 33  – QUESTIONS – 233. 235. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 234. 236. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 34  – QUESTIONS – 237. 239. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 240. 238. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. 35  – QUESTIONS – 241. a. b. c. d. 36  – QUESTIONS –  Set 15 (Answers begin on page 117.) 246. meal banquet feast shelter palace _______ This set contains another type of verbal analogy ques- a. mansion tions. In each, the words in the top row are related in b. hallway some way. To help you discover this relationship, make c. protection up a sentence based on the top three words. The words d. haven in the bottom row are related in the same way as the words in the top row. For each item, find the word that 247. fence wall boundary completes the bottom row of words. path alley _______ a. ramp 242. ant fly bee b. passageway hamster squirrel _______ c. airfield a. spider d. pedestrian b. mouse c. rodent 248. palette easel brush d. cat textbook lesson plan _______ a. artist 243. carpenter saw nails b. teacher pediatrician stethoscope _______ c. report card a. thermometer d. paint b. baby c. doctor 249. snow mountain ski d. illness warmth lake _______ a. sand 244. table wood oak b. swim shirt cloth _______ c. sunburn a. sewing d. vacation b. dress c. cotton 250. candle lamp floodlight d. tree hut cottage _______ a. tent 245. rule command dictate b. city doze sleep _______ c. dwelling a. snore d. house b. govern c. awaken d. hibernate 37  – QUESTIONS – 251. apples fruit supermarket 254. honeybee angel bat novel book _______ kangaroo rabbit _______ a. bookstore a. mermaid b. magazine b. possum c. vegetable c. grasshopper d. shopping d. sprinter 252. tadpole frog amphibian 255. daisy flower plant lamb sheep _______ bungalow house _______ a. animal a. building b. wool b. cottage c. farm c. apartment d. mammal d. city 253. walk skip run toss pitch _______ a. swerve b. hurl c. jump d. dance 38  – QUESTIONS –  Set 16 (Answers begin on page 118.) 260. SIAMESE : CAT a. type : breed The next two sets will give you more practice with b. dog : puppy analogies. Every one of the following questions consists c. mark : spot of a related pair of words, followed by five pairs of d. romaine : lettuce words labeled a through e. Choose the pair that best e. collar : leash represents a similar relationship to the one expressed in the original pair of words. Remember, the best way to 261. PEDAL : BICYCLE approach an analogy question is to make up a sen- a. inch : yardstick tence that describes the relationship between the first b. walk : skip two words. Then, find the pair that has a similar c. tire : automobile relationship. d. buckle : belt e. oar : canoe 256. PETAL : FLOWER 262. PULSATE : THROB a. salt : pepper a. walk : run b. tire : bicycle b. tired : sleep c. base : ball c. examine : scrutinize d. sandals : shoes d. ballet : dancer e. puppy : dog e. find : lose 257. BRISTLE : BRUSH 263. ELEPHANT : PACHYDERM a. arm : leg a. mantis : rodent b. stage : curtain b. poodle : feline c. recline : chair c. kangaroo : marsupial d. key : piano d. zebra : horse e. art : sculpture e. tuna : mollusk 258. FISH : SCHOOL 264. DEPRESSED : SAD a. wolf : pack a. neat : considerate b. elephant : jungle b. towering : cringing c. beagle : clan c. rapid : plodding d. herd : peacock d. progressive : regressive e. cow : farm e. exhausted : tired 259. ODOMETER : DISTANCE 265. PSYCHOLOGIST : NEUROSIS a. scale : weight a. ophthalmologist : cataract b. length : width b. dermatologist : fracture c. inch : foot c. infant : pediatrician d. mileage : speed d. rash : orthopedist e. area : size e. oncologist : measles 39  – QUESTIONS – 266. BINDING : BOOK 271. WAITRESS : RESTAURANT a. criminal : gang a. doctor : diagnosis b. display : museum b. actor : role c. artist : carpenter c. driver : truck d. nail : hammer d. teacher : school e. frame : picture e. author : book 267. EXPLORE : DISCOVER 272. FINCH : BIRD a. read : skim a. frog : toad b. research : learn b. elephant : reptile c. write : print c. Dalmatian : dog d. think : relate d. collie : marsupial e. sleep : wake e. ant : ladybug 268. COTTON : BALE 273. RAIN : DRIZZLE a. butter : churn a. swim : dive b. wine : ferment b. hop : shuffle c. grain : shock c. juggle : bounce d. curd : cheese d. walk : run e. beef : steak e. run : jog 269. DIVISION : SECTION 274. SKEIN : YARN a. layer : tier a. squeeze : lemon b. tether : bundle b. fire : coal c. chapter : verse c. ream : paper d. riser : stage d. tree : lumber e. dais : speaker e. plow : acre 270. PASTORAL : RURAL 275. TAILOR : SUIT a. metropolitan : urban a. scheme : agent b. harvest : autumn b. edit : manuscript c. agrarian : benevolent c. revise : writer d. sleepy : nocturnal d. mention : opinion e. wild : agricultural e. implode : building 40  – QUESTIONS –  Set 17 (Answers begin on page 119.) 280. INTEREST : OBSESSION a. mood : feeling Now try this last set of analogies, which are somewhat b. weeping : sadness more difficult than the previous set. Remember that the c. dream : fantasy first step in solving an analogy is to make up a sentence d. plan : negation that describes the relationship between the first two e. highlight : indication words. Sometimes, your sentence may fit more than one answer choice. In these cases, be prepared to revise 281. MONK : DEVOTION your original sentence. Each of the following questions a. maniac : pacifism consists of a related pair of words, followed by five b. explorer : contentment pairs of words labeled a through e. Choose the pair that c. visionary : complacency best represents a similar relationship to the one d. rover : wanderlust expressed in the original pair of words. e. philistine : culture 276. CONDUCTOR : ORCHESTRA 282. SLAPSTICK : LAUGHTER a. jockey : mount a. fallacy : dismay b. thrasher : hay b. genre : mystery c. driver : tractor c. satire : anger d. skipper : crew d. mimicry : tears e. painter : house e. horror : fear 277. JAUNDICE : LIVER 283. VERVE : ENTHUSIASM a. rash : skin a. loyalty : duplicity b. dialysis : kidney b. devotion : reverence c. smog : lung c. intensity : color d. valentine : heart d. eminence : anonymity e. imagination : brain e. generosity : elation 278. COBBLER : SHOE 284. SOUND : CACOPHONY a. jockey : horse a. taste : style b. contractor : building b. touch : massage c. mason : stone c. smell : stench d. cowboy : boot d. sight : panorama e. potter : paint e. speech : oration 279. PHOBIC : FEARFUL 285. CONVICTION : INCARCERATION a. finicky : thoughtful a. reduction : diminution b. cautious : emotional b. induction : amelioration c. envious : desiring c. radicalization : estimation d. shy : familiar d. marginalization : intimidation e. asinine : silly e. proliferation : alliteration 41  – QUESTIONS – 286. DELTOID : MUSCLE 292. DIRGE : FUNERAL a. radius : bone a. chain : letter b. brain : nerve b. bell : church c. tissue : organ c. telephone : call d. blood : vein d. jingle : commercial e. scalpel : incision e. hymn : concerto 287. UMBRAGE : OFFENSE 293. FERAL : TAME a. confusion : penance a. rancid : rational b. infinity : meaning b. repetitive : recurrent c. decorum : decoration c. nettlesome : annoying d. elation : jubilance d. repentant : honorable e. outrage : consideration e. ephemeral : immortal 288. PROFESSOR : ERUDITE 294. SPY : CLANDESTINE a. aviator : licensed a. accountant : meticulous b. inventor : imaginative b. furrier : rambunctious c. procrastinator : conscientious c. lawyer : ironic d. overseer : wealthy d. shepherd : garrulous e. moderator : vicious e. astronaut : opulent 289. DEPENDABLE : CAPRICIOUS 295. DOMINANCE : HEGEMONY a. fallible : cantankerous a. romance : sympathy b. erasable : obtuse b. furtherance : melancholy c. malleable : limpid c. independence : autonomy d. capable : inept d. tolerance : philanthropy e. incorrigible : guilty e. recompense : hilarity 290. FROND : PALM 296. AERIE : EAGLE a. quill : porcupine a. capital : government b. blade : evergreen b. bridge : architect c. scale : wallaby c. unit : apartment d. tusk : alligator d. kennel : veterinarian e. blade : fern e. house : person 291. METAPHOR : SYMBOL a. pentameter : poem b. rhythm : melody c. nuance : song d. slang : usage e. analogy : comparison 42  – QUESTIONS –  Set 18 (Answers begin on page 120.) 299. Here are some words translated from an artificial language. Now try some reasoning questions that ask you to moolokarn means blue sky translate English words into an artificial language. First, wilkospadi means bicycle race you will be given a list of three “nonsense” words and moolowilko means blue bicycle their English word meanings. The question(s) that fol- Which word could mean “racecar”? low will ask you to reverse the process and translate an a. wilkozwet English word into the artificial language. b. spadiwilko Your best approach to this type of question is to c. moolobreil look for elements (parts) of the “nonsense” words that d. spadivolo repeat. This is the best way to translate from the imag- inary language to English. For example, if you know 300. Here are some words translated from an that linsmerk means oak tree and linsdennel means oak artificial language. table, then you know that lins means oak. And, if lins daftafoni means advisement means oak, merk must mean tree, and dennel must imodafta means misadvise mean table. When you discover what a word element imolokti means misconduct means in English, write it down. Then, look for the Which word could mean “statement”? word elements that appear both on the list and in the a. kratafoni answer choices. b. kratadafta c. loktifoni 297. Here are some words translated from an d. daftaimo artificial language. granamelke means big tree 301. Here are some words translated from an pinimelke means little tree artificial language. melkehoon means tree house dionot means oak tree Which word could mean “big house”? blyonot means oak leaf a. granahoon blycrin means maple leaf b. pinishur Which word could mean “maple syrup”? c. pinihoon a. blymuth d. melkegrana b. hupponot c. patricrin 298. Here are some words translated from an d. crinweel artificial language. lelibroon means yellow hat plekafroti means flower garden frotimix means garden salad Which word could mean “yellow flower”? a. lelifroti b. lelipleka c. plekabroon d. frotibroon 43  – QUESTIONS – 302. Here are some words translated from an 305. Here are some words translated from an artificial language. artificial language. agnoscrenia means poisonous spider tamceno means sky blue delanocrenia means poisonous snake cenorax means blue cheese agnosdeery means brown spider aplmitl means star bright Which word could mean “black widow Which word could mean “bright sky”? spider”? a. cenotam a. deeryclostagnos b. mitltam b. agnosdelano c. raxmitl c. agnosvitriblunin d. aplceno d. trymuttiagnos 306. Here are some words translated from an 303. Here are some words translated from an artificial language. artificial language. gorblflur means fan belt myncabel means saddle horse pixngorbl means ceiling fan conowir means trail ride arthtusl means tile roof cabelalma means horse blanket Which word could mean “ceiling tile”? Which word could mean “horse ride”? a. gorbltusl a. cabelwir b. flurgorbl b. conocabel c. arthflur c. almamyn d. pixnarth d. conoalma 307. Here are some words translated from an 304. Here are some words translated from an artificial language. artificial language. hapllesh means cloudburst godabim means kidney stones srenchoch means pinball romzbim means kidney beans resbosrench means ninepin romzbako means wax beans Which word could mean “cloud nine”? Which word could mean “wax statue”? a. leshsrench a. godaromz b. ochhapl b. lazbim c. haploch c. wasibako d. haplresbo d. romzpeo 44  – QUESTIONS – 308. Here are some words translated from an artificial language. migenlasan means cupboard lasanpoen means boardwalk cuopdansa means pullman Which word could mean “walkway”? a. poenmigen b. cuopeisel c. lasandansa d. poenforc 45  – QUESTIONS –  Set 19 (Answers begin on page 121.) 312. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. Here is another set of questions that ask you to trans- krekinblaf means workforce late from an imaginary language into English. Remem- dritakrekin means groundwork ber, the best way to approach these questions is to krekinalti means workplace translate each word element. When you discover what Which word could mean “someplace”? a word element means in English, write it down. Then, a. moropalti look for the word elements that appear both on the list b. krekindrita and in the answer choices. c. altiblaf d. dritaalti 309. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. 313. Here are some words translated from an arti- morpirquat means birdhouse ficial language. beelmorpir means bluebird plekapaki means fruitcake beelclak means bluebell pakishillen means cakewalk Which word could mean “houseguest”? treftalan means buttercup a. morpirhunde Which word could mean “cupcake”? b. beelmoki a. shillenalan c. quathunde b. treftpleka d. clakquat c. pakitreft d. alanpaki 310. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. 314. Here are some words translated from an arti- slar means jump ficial language. slary means jumping peslligen means basketball court slarend means jumped ligenstrisi means courtroom Which word could mean “playing”? oltaganti means placement test a. clargslarend Which word could mean “guest room”? b. clargy a. peslstrisi c. ellaclarg b. vosefstrisi d. slarmont c. gantipesl d. oltastrisi 311. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. briftamint means militant uftonel means occupied uftonalene means occupation Which word could mean “occupant”? a. elbrifta b. uftonamint c. elamint d. briftalene 46  – QUESTIONS – 315. Here are some words translated from an arti- 318. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. ficial language. jalkamofti means happy birthday aptaose means first base moftihoze means birthday party eptaose means second base mentogunn means goodness lartabuk means ballpark Which word could mean “happiness”? Which word could mean “baseball”? a. jalkagunn a. buklarta b. mentohoze b. oseepta c. moftihoze c. bukose d. hozemento d. oselarta 316. Here are some words translated from an arti- 319. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. ficial language. mallonpiml means blue light relftaga means carefree mallontifl means blueberry otaga means careful arpantifl means raspberry fertaga means careless Which word could mean “lighthouse”? Which word could mean “aftercare”? a. tiflmallon a. zentaga b. pimlarpan b. tagafer c. mallonarpan c. tagazen d. pimldoken d. relffer 317. Here are some words translated from an arti- 320. Here are some words translated from an arti- ficial language. ficial language. gemolinea means fair warning malgauper means peach cobbler gerimitu means report card malgaport means peach juice gilageri means weather report moggagrop means apple jelly Which word could mean “fair weather?” Which word could mean “apple juice”? a. gemogila a. moggaport b. gerigeme b. malgaauper c. gemomitu c. gropport d. gerimita d. moggagrop 47  – QUESTIONS –  Set 20 (Answers begin on page 122.) 322. It is appropriate to compensate someone if you have damaged his or her property in some way. The questions in this set ask you to match definitions This is called Restitution. Which situation to particular situations. For each question, you will be below is the best example of Restitution? given a definition and four possible answer choices. a. Jake borrows Leslie’s camera and the lens Read each definition and all four choices carefully, and shatters when it falls on the ground because find the answer that provides the best example of the he fails to zipper the case. When Jake given definition. Answer each question solely on the returns the camera, he tells Leslie that he basis of the definition given. will pay for the repair. b. Rebecca borrows her neighbor’s car, and when she returns it, the gas tank is practi- 321. Violating an Apartment Lease occurs when a cally empty. She apologizes profusely and tenant does something prohibited by the tells her neighbor she will be more consid- legally binding document that he or she has erate the next time. signed with a landlord. Which situation c. Aaron asks Tom to check in on his apart- below is the best example of Violating an ment while he is out of town. When Tom Apartment Lease? arrives, he discovers that a pipe has burst a. Tim has decided to move to another city, so and there is a considerable amount of water he calls his landlord to tell him that he is damage. He calls a plumber to repair the not interested in renewing his lease when it pipe. expires next month. d. Lisa suspects that the pothole in her com- b. Valerie recently lost her job and, for the last pany’s parking lot caused her flat tire. She three months, has neglected to pay her tells her boss that she thinks the company landlord the monthly rent they agreed should pay for the repair. upon in writing when she moved into her apartment eight months ago. 323. People speculate when they consider a situa- c. Mark writes a letter to his landlord that lists tion and assume something to be true based numerous complaints about the apartment on inconclusive evidence. Which situation he has agreed to rent for two years. below is the best example of Speculation? d. Leslie thinks that her landlord is neglecting a. Francine decides that it would be appropri- the building in which she rents an apart- ate to wear jeans to her new office on Friday ment. She calls her attorney to ask for after reading about “Casual Fridays” in her advice. employee handbook. b. Mary spends thirty minutes sitting in traffic and wishes that she took the train instead of driving. c. After consulting several guidebooks and her travel agent, Jennifer feels confident that the hotel she has chosen is first-rate. d. When Emily opens the door in tears, Theo guesses that she’s had a death in her family. 48  – QUESTIONS – 324. A Guarantee is a promise or assurance that 326. Embellishing the Truth occurs when a per- attests to the quality of a product that is son adds fictitious details or exaggerates facts either (1) given in writing by the manufac- or true stories. Which situation below is the turer or (2) given verbally by the person sell- best example of Embellishing the Truth? ing the product. Which situation below is the a.