LITE Module 6: Living in the Information Technology Era PDF

Cover designed by: Mr.Medel Valencia MODULE 6 Living in the Information Technology Era LITE Source: https://ww...

Cover designed by: Mr.Medel Valencia MODULE 6 Living in the Information Technology Era LITE Source: https://www.mariomayhem.com/fun/smb_level_editor/ ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025 Prepared by: Rossiel Consignado, Bryan May Boongaling and Rona Punzalan Modified by: Ms. Pahutan ,Mrs. Cura and Mrs. Roxas,Ms. Balucay, Ms.Ursolino,Mr. Rambla and Mr. Dinglasan Course Instructors  MODULE FOR LITE – LIVING IN THE IT ERA Credits: 3 Units Pre-Requisite: None Lesson Title: MODULE 6: IT CULTURE AND THE SOCIETY Lesson Objective: At the end of the module, the learners will be able to: 1. Identify what are the current and emerging trends in technology. 2. Understand how technology affects culture and society trough through the different advancement in technology. 3. Assess the positive and negative effects of said advancement. Lectures and Annotations: OVERVIEW Technology is changing every aspect of our lives. The benefits provided by new digital approaches are having a huge impact on our societies. However, one of the greatest business challenges is not about the devices, software or solutions – it is about how we manage the process of cultural change and its effect to our society. In this module we will learn what are the different technological advancements and future trends in technology that could potentially change and shaped the way we live our lives. LESSION 1: INTEERNET OF THINGS The "Internet of things" (IoT) is becoming an increasingly growing topic of conversation both in the workplace and outside of it. It's a concept that not only has the potential to impact how we live but also how we work. But what exactly is the "Internet of things" and what impact is it going to have on you, if any? Lightbulbs, along with refrigerators, coffee makers, microwave ovens, baby monitors, security cameras, speakers, televisions, and thermostats have, in the past few decades, transformed from ordinary objects into conduits for the future. Embedded with sensors that see, hear, and touch the world around them, they can turn physical information into digital data. Collectively, these devices— and there are billions of them around the world—make up the “internet of things.  Figure 1.1 Internet of Thin Just about anything with network connectivity belongs to the internet of things, from security cameras and speakers to smart watches and denim jackets. In the “smart home,” these internet- enabled gadgets liberate us from our chores, give us back some of our time, and add a dash of novelty to ordinary experiences. (“Alexa, turn on the disco lights.”) But the internet of things is about more than just using your voice to preheat the oven or using your phone to turn off the lights. The real promise of the internet of things is making our physical surroundings accessible to our digital computers, putting sensors on everything in the world and translating it into a digital format. Internet- connected objects could be the key to unlocking predictions about everything from consumer behavior to climate events, but those same objects could invite hackers into personal spaces and leak intimate data. Depending on who you ask, the growing internet of things either represents the promise of technology—the thing that will reinvent modern life as we know it—or that which will be our technological undoing. How IoT works An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data. The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT can also make use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to aid in making data collecting processes easier and more d Why IoT is important The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their systems really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of machines to supply chain and logistics operations. IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts down on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions. As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life, and it will continue to pick up steam as more businesses realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive. How Does This Impact You? The new rule for the future is going to be, "Anything that can be connected, will be connected." But why on earth would you want so many connected devices talking to each other? There are many examples for what this might look like or what the potential value might be. Say for example you are on your way to a meeting; your car could have access to your calendar and already know the best route to take. If the traffic is heavy your car might send a text to the other party notifying them that you will be late. What if your alarm clock wakes up you at 6 a.m. and then notifies your coffee maker to start brewing coffee for you? What if your office equipment knew when it was running low on supplies and automatically re-ordered more? What if the wearable device you used in the workplace could tell you when and where you were most active and productive and shared that information with other devices that you used while working? On a broader scale, the IoT can be applied to things like transportation networks: "smart cities" which can help us reduce waste and improve efficiency for things such as energy use; this helping us understand and improve how we work and live. The reality is that the IoT allows for virtually endless opportunities and connections to take place, many of which we can't even think of or fully understand the impact o. IoT Through the Years 1990 John Romkey creates the first IoT device: a toaster that he controls with his computer 1999 Kevin Ashton coins the term “internet of things” to describe the eyes and ears of a computer 2000 LG introduces its first connected refrigerator with a $20,000 pricetag 2008 The world’s first IoT conference is held in Zurich, Switzerland 2010 Tony Fadell founds Nest, maker of the smart thermostat 2013 Oxford Dictionary adds the term “internet of things” 2014 Amazon introduces the Echo speaker, along with the Alexa voice assistant—a new way to The first internet-connected “thing” to make use of this new protocol was a toaster. John Romkey, a software engineer and early internet evangelist, had built one for the 1990 showfloor of Interop, a trade show for computers. Romkey dropped a few slices of bread into the toaster and, using a clunky computer, turned the toaster on. It would still be a decade before anyone used the phrase “internet of things,” but Romkey’s magic little toaster showed what a world of internet-connected things might be like. (Of course, it wasn’t fully automated; a person still had to introduce the bread.) It was part gimmick, part proof of concept—and fully a preview of what was to come. The term “internet of things” itself was coined in 1999, when Kevin Ashton put it in a PowerPoint presentation for Procter & Gamble. Ashton, who was then working in supply chain optimization, described a system where sensors acted like the eyes and ears of a computer—an entirely new way for computers to see, hear, touch, and interpret their surroundings. As home internet became ubiquitous and Wi-Fi sped up, the dream of the smart home started to look more like a reality. Companies began to introduce more and more of these inventions: “smart” coffee makers to brew the perfect cup, ovens that bake cookies with precision timing, and refrigerators that automatically restocked expired milk. The first of these, LG’s internet-connected refrigerator, hit the market in 2000. It could take stock of shelf contents, mind expiration dates, and for some reason, came with an MP3 player. It also cost $20,000. As sensors became cheaper, these internet-connected devices became more affordable for more consumers. And the invention of smart plugs, like those made by Belkin, meant that even ordinary objects could become “smart”—or, at least, you could turn them on and off with your phone. Any IoT system today contains a few basic components. First, there’s the thing outfitted with sensors. These sensors could be anything that collects data, like a camera inside a smart refrigerator or an accelerometer that tracks speed in a smart running shoe. In some cases, sensors are bundled together to gather multiple data points: a Nest thermostat contains a thermometer, but also a motion sensor; it can adjust the temperature of a room when it senses that nobody’s in it. To make sense of this data, the device has some kind of network connectivity (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular, or satellite) and a processor where it can be stored and analyzed. From there, the data can be used to trigger an action—like ordering more milk when the carton in the smart refrigerator runs out, or adjusting the temperature automatically given a set of rules. Most people didn’t start building an ecosystem of “smart” devices in their homes until the mass adoption of voice controls. In 2014, Amazon introduced the Echo, a speaker with a helpful voice assistant named Alexa built in. Apple had introduced Siri, its own voice assistant, four years prior— but Siri lived on your phone, while Alexa lived inside the speaker and could control all of the “smart” devices in your house. Positioning a voice assistant as the centerpiece of the smart home had several effects: It demystified the internet of things for consumers, encouraged them to buy more internet-enabled gadgets, and encouraged developers to create more “skills,” or IoT commands, for these voice assistants to learn The same year that Amazon debuted Alexa, Apple came out with HomeKit, a system designed to facilitate interactions between Apple-made smart devices, sending data back and forth to create a network. These unifying voices have shifted the landscape away from single-purpose automations and toward a more holistic system of connected things. Tell the Google Assistant “goodnight,” for example, and the command can dim the lights, lock the front door, set the alarm system, and turn on your alarm clock. LG’s SmartThinQ platform connects many home appliances, so you can select a chocolate chip cookie recipe from the screen of your smart fridge and it’ll automatically preheat the oven. Manufacturers bill this as the future, but it’s also a convenient way to sell more IoT devices. If you already have 2|P age  an Amazon Echo, you might as well get some stuff for Alexa to control. By 2014, the number of internet-connected devices would surpass the number of people in the world. David Evans, the former chief futurist at Cisco, estimated in 2015 that “an average 127 new things are connected to the internet” every second. Today, there are over 20 billion connected things in the world, according to estimates from Gartner. The excitement around the brave new internet- connected world has been matched with concern. All of these objects, brought to life like Pinocchio, have made the world easier to control: You can let the delivery man in the front door, or change the temperature inside the house, all with a few taps on a smartphone. IoT benefits to organizations The internet of things offers several benefits to organizations. Some benefits are industry- specific, and some are applicable across multiple industries. Some of the common benefits of IoT enable businesses to: monitor their overall business processes; improve the customer experience; save time and money; enhance employee productivity; integrate and adapt business models; make better business decisions; and generate more revenue. IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses and gives them the tools to improve their business strategies. Generally, IoT is most abundant in manufacturing, transportation and utility organizations, making use of sensors and other IoT devices; however, it has also found use cases for organizations within the agriculture, infrastructure and home automation industries, leading some organizations toward digital transformation. IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job easier. Sensors can collect data on rainfall, humidity, temperature and soil content, as well as other factors, that would help automate farming techniques. The ability to monitor operations surrounding infrastructure is also a factor that IoT can help with. Sensors, for example, could be used to monitor events or changes within structural buildings, 3|P age  bridges and other infrastructure. This brings benefits with it, such as cost saving, saved time, quality-of-life workflow changes and paperless workflow. A home automation business can utilize IoT to monitor and manipulate mechanical and electrical systems in a building. On a broader scale, smart cities can help citizens reduce waste and energy consumption. IoT touches every industry, including businesses within healthcare, finance, retail and manufacturing. Pros and cons of IoT Advantages of IoT ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device; improved communication between connected electronic devices; transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and money; and automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's services and reducing the need for human intervention. Disadvantages of IoT As the number of connected devices increases and more information is shared between devices, the potential that a hacker could steal confidential information also increases. Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers -- maybe even millions -- of IoT devices, and collecting and managing the data from all those devices will be challenging. If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected device will become corrupted. Since there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it's difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other. Consumer and enterprise IoT applications There are numerous real-world applications of the internet of things, ranging from consumer IoT and enterprise IoT to manufacturing and industrial IoT (IIoT). IoT applications span numerous verticals, including automotive, telecom and energy. In the consumer segment, for example, smart homes that are equipped with smart thermostats, smart appliances and connected heating, lighting and electronic devices can be controlled remotely via computers and smartphones. Wearable devices with sensors and software can collect and analyze user data, sending 4|P age  messages to other technologies about the users with the aim of making users' lives easier and more comfortable. Wearable devices are also used for public safety -- for example, improving first responders' response times during emergencies by providing optimized routes to a location or by tracking construction workers' or firefighters' vital signs at life- threatening sites. In healthcare, IoT offers many benefits, including the ability to monitor patients more closely using an analysis of the data that's generated. Hospitals often use IoT systems to complete tasks such as inventory management for both pharmaceuticals and medical instruments. Smart buildings can, for instance, reduce energy costs using sensors that detect how many occupants are in a room. The temperature can adjust automatically -- for example, turning the air conditioner on if sensors detect a conference room is full or turning the heat down if everyone in the office has gone home. In agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems can help monitor, for instance, light, temperature, humidity and soil moisture of crop fields using connected sensors. IoT is also instrumental in automating irrigation systems. In a smart city, IoT sensors and deployments, such as smart streetlights and smart meters, can help alleviate traffic, conserve energy, monitor and address environmental concerns, and improve sanitation. IoT security and privacy issues The internet of things brings all the benefits of the internet to items like lightbulbs and thermostats, but it brings all the problems of the internet, too. Now that people have their speakers, television sets, refrigerators, alarm clocks, toothbrushes, light bulbs, doorbells, baby monitors, and security cameras connected to the Wi-Fi, nearly every device in the house can be compromised, or rendered useless. Consider the whims of internet connectivity: When your Wi-Fi goes down, so do your devices. Router problems? That means you can’t turn on the heat with your smart thermostat or unlock your smart door lock. Things that used to be easy become potentially faulty, if not impossible, when they require an Alexa command or a smartphone control rather than a physical button. Many of these devices also run on proprietary software—meaning, if their manufacturer goes bunk, gets sold, or stops issuing software updates, your clever little gadget becomes a useless hunk of plastic. Risk of bricking aside, connecting things to the internet also leaves those objects, and everything else on your Wi-Fi network, more vulnerable to hackers. Laura DeNardis, in her recent book The Internet in Everything, has called this threat to cybersecurity the greatest human rights issue of our time. The risk isn’t just that some prankster breaks into your 5|P age smart washing machine and upsets the spin cycle, or that your Nest camera gets hijacked with a message to subscribe to PewDiePie’s YouTube channel. (Yes, that really happened.) A hacked smart lock means someone can open your front door. Hack into enough smart water heaters and you can send a city into a massive blackout. And one vulnerable device can compromise the whole network. As WIRED’s Lily Hay Newman points out, “IoT devices have been conscripted into massive botnets, compromised for nation-state reconnaissance, hacked to mine cryptocurrency, and manipulated in assaults on power grids.” The threat to internet-connected devices comes not just because they’re connected to the internet, but because device manufacturers have not always designed their products with security as a priority. In 2016, malware called Mirai exploited these kinds of vulnerabilities in over 600,000 IoT devices to create a massive distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. The following year, an attack called Krack infected nearly every internet-connected device connected to Wi-Fi. The attack was crippling and difficult to defend against, in part because the internet of things runs on so many disparate operating systems. When a phone or a computer gets hit with a virus, software makers are generally quick to issue a patch. But things like routers or internet-connected doorbells don’t usually receive software updates needed to protect against vulnerabilities, and many of them weren’t built with the same kind of security protocols as computers. After the Krack attack, one security researcher predicted that we would stitll “find vulnerable devices 20 years from now.” Then there’s the question of privacy. If cameras and microphones are studded around your home, they are definitely watching and listening to you. Everything in the internet of things collects data— and all that data has value. In a recent study, researchers found that 72 of the 81 IoT devices they surveyed had shared data with a third party unrelated to the original manufacturer. That means the finer details of your personal life—as depicted by your smart toothbrush, your smart TV, or your smart speaker—can be repackaged and sold to someone else. Google and Apple both admitted, last year, that the recordings captured by their smart speakers are reviewed by contractors, including awkward and intimate snippets of audio. Amazon has partnerships with over 400 police departments, who use the footage from its Ring doorbell cameras to keep watch on neighborhoods. An ever- expanding internet of things doesn’t just have consequences for personal privacy. It can create a network of computer eyes and ears everywhere we go. Because IoT devices are closely connected, all a hacker has to do is exploit one vulnerability to manipulate all the data, rendering it unusable. Manufacturers that don't update their devices regularly -- or at all -- leave them vulnerable to cybercriminals. 6|P age  Additionally, connected devices often ask users to input their personal information, including names, ages, addresses, phone numbers and even social media accounts -- information that's invaluable to hackers. Hackers aren't the only threat to the internet of things; privacy is another major concern for IoT users. For instance, companies that make and distribute consumer IoT devices could use those devices to obtain and sell users' personal data. Beyond leaking personal data, IoT poses a risk to critical infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and financial services. The Future of the Internet of Things One day, the internet of things will become the internet of everything. The objects in our world might sense and react to us individually all the time, so that a smart thermostat automatically adjusts based on your body temperature or the house automatically locks itself when you get into bed. Your clothes might come with connected sensors, too, so that the things around you can respond to your movements in real time. That’s already starting to happen: In 2017, Google announced Project Jacquard, an effort to create the connected wardrobe of the future. This vision extends far beyond your clothes, and even your home. You’ll also have smart offices, smart buildings, smart cities. Smart hospital rooms will have sensors to ensure that doctors wash their hands, and airborne sensors will help cities predict mudslides and other natural disasters. Autonomous vehicles will connect to the internet and drive along roads studded with sensors, and governments will manage the demands on their energy grids by tracking household energy consumption through the internet of things. The growth of the internet of things could also lead to new kinds of cyber warfare; imagine a bad actor disabling every smart thermostat in the dead of winter, or hacking into internet- connected pacemakers and insulin pumps. It could create new class systems: those with robot maids, and those without. Or, as Ray Bradbury described in one short story from 1950, all the people might disappear—but the smart homes, preparing meals and sweeping the floors, will live on. If we’re going to get there—whether we like “there” or not—we’re going to need faster internet. (Enter: 5G.) We’ll also need to keep all those devices from mucking up the airwaves, and we’ll need to find a better way to secure the data that’s transmitted across 7|P age  those airwaves. Recently, the Swiss cryptography firm Teserakt introduced an idea for a cryptographic implant for IoT devices, which would protect the data that streams from these devices. There are also ideas for creating a better standard for IoT devices, and plans to help them get along with each other, regardless of which company makes them or which voice assistant lives inside. Reference List: Dr. Marmelo V. Abante, Dean Oliver M. Junio,Ms. Catherine R. Delfin, Ms. Clarence C. Robas(2023) Living in the Information Technology Era Muhammad Adam, Faisal. (2016). "Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Social Changes and Transformation". 10.13140/RG.2.2.22371.60960. Debasish. “Technological Change: It's Meaning and Process.” Economics Discussion, 11 Aug. 2015, www.economicsdiscussion.net/articles/technological-change-its- meaning-and process/4447. Tikam, Madhuri V. “Impact of ICT on Education.” International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development (IJICTHD), IGI Global, 1 Oct. 2013, www.igi-global.com/article/impact-of-ict-on-education/102982. “The Social Impact of ICT.” Ericsson.com, 13 Dec. 2019, www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and papers/networked-society-insights/social-business/social-impact-of-ict. “Digital Age.” Digital Age Dictionary Definition | Digital Age Defined, www.yourdictionary.com/digital-age. 8|P age