Sustainable Development Goals & Environmental Contaminants PDF

# Sustainable Development Goals The image shows the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. Each goal is represented by a numbered icon, and a short description of each goal is provided below: | Goal | Description | |---|---| | 1 | No Poverty | | 2 | Zero Hun...

# Sustainable Development Goals The image shows the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. Each goal is represented by a numbered icon, and a short description of each goal is provided below: | Goal | Description | |---|---| | 1 | No Poverty | | 2 | Zero Hunger | | 3 | Good Health and Well-being | | 4 | Quality Education | | 5 | Gender Equality | | 6 | Clean Water and Sanitation | | 7 | Affordable and Clean Energy | | 8 | Decent Work and Economic Growth | | 9 | Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure | | 10 | Reduced Inequalities | | 11 | Sustainable Cities and Communities | | 12 | Responsible Consumption and Production | | 13 | Climate Action | | 14 | Life Below Water | | 15 | Life On Land | | 16 | Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions | | 17 | Partnership for the Goals | ## Impacts of Heavy Metals on Plants A diagram is presented that shows the impacts of "Heavy Metal Toxicity" on plants. The diagram shows how this toxicity affects: - Reduction in Photosynthesis - Inhibition of Growth - Enzyme Inhibition - Cell Death - ROS production - Decrease in Water Potential - Protein Oxidation - Damage Nucleic Acid ## Harmful Algae Blooms & Cyanotoxins This section highlights the harmful impacts of algal blooms and the toxins produced by cyanobacteria: **Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs)** are found in drinking water treatment plants and recreational waters. The following algal species are mentioned: - Microcystis Sp - Aphanizomenon sp - Cylindrospermopsis sp **Toxins** produced by these harmful algae include: - Microcystine - Cylindrospermopsin # Impacts of Cyanotoxins A diagram of the human body is shown with the following information: **Nervous Tissue, Brain:** - Anatoxin-a - Anatoxin-a(S) - Saxitoxins - (Cyanopeptolins) **Lungs:** - Cylindrospermopsin - Microcystins - Nodularins **Liver:** - Cylindrospermopsin - Microcystins - Nodularins - Limnothrixin **Kidneys:** - Cylindrospermopsin - (Limnothrixin*) **Immune System:** - Cylindrospermopsin - Lipopolysaccharides - Microcystins **Stomach, Esophagus:** - Cylindrospermopsin - (Microcystins) **Small Intestine:** - Cylindrospermopsin - Microcystins **Colon:** - (Cylindrospermopsin, in vitro) - (Microcystin-LR, in vitro) **Gastrointestinal tract, epithelia:** - Anabaenolysins - Limnothrixin* - Puwainaphycins ## Organic Contaminant This section focuses on organic contaminants in water bodies. - Thousands of individual organic compounds enter water bodies due to human activities. - These compounds have significantly different physical, chemical and toxicological properties. - Monitoring every individual compound is not feasible. - Therefore, priority organic pollutants are selected based on their prevalence, toxicity and other properties. ## Common Organic Pollutants The following are common organic pollutants: - Mineral oil - Petroleum products - Phenols - Pesticides - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - Surfactants ## Detection - Difficult to monitor organic contaminants in all circumstances. - Requires sophisticated instrumentation and highly trained personnel. - Sophisticated instrumental methods are utilized, including: - Chromatography (GC) - Liquid Chromatography (LC) - Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) - CE/MS