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RES IV Q3 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION Bioprospection of Potential Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Compounds from “Secang” [Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod.] GROUP FROM 10-EINSTEIN SUBJECT TEACHER MS. ANGELICA P. PAGARAN...

RES IV Q3 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION Bioprospection of Potential Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Compounds from “Secang” [Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod.] GROUP FROM 10-EINSTEIN SUBJECT TEACHER MS. ANGELICA P. PAGARAN 01 Title Page The front page, has all the complete parts for a study (as far as the APA format is concerned), including: Title: Followed the rule when writing the scientific name for a plant. Authors: Arranged alphabetically Departments and Institutions: Addressed appropriately Journal where it was published Date published, date received Font style and sizes are consistent, maintaining a professional look. The lack of unnecessary details improved organization, making it easy to read and understand. The title is clear and directly describes the intent of the research. It aligns with the research objective, which states: “ This research aims to analyze the bioprospection of the secang plant using parts of the wood, fruit, and leaves in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity" (p. 479)​ Background of the Study Context: Secang is a traditional medicine in the Sulawesi Region (para. 1, p.479). Known for its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties (para. 1, p. 479) Contains razilin, brazilein, sappan chalcone, and protosappanin (para. 1, p. 479) Limited knowledge on the fruit and leaves (para. 1, p. 479) A. General Objectives: The researchers wasn’t able to explore the prospects of secang plant using its fruits and leaves. B. Specific Objectives: The researchers stated it briefly - to analyze the bioprospection of secang’s woods, leaves, and fruit in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. C. Measurability and Attainability The researchers used measurable parameters. Antimicrobial Test - "The antimicrobial activity test used five test bacteria—namely, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Staphylococcus aureus—using the well method"​. (para. 1, p. 479) Antimicrobial Test - "The DPPH antioxidant activity test was contrasted with the vitamin C control... examined using a spectrophotometer set to the maximum wavelength of 517 nm"​. (para. 1, p. 479 & para. 2, p. 481) Antidiabetic Test - "The antidiabetic activity test used an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and compared with the acarbose control"​. (para. 1, p. 479) Materials&Methods The materials used were: L. monocytogenes, P. pestis, E. coli, S. thypimurium, and S. aureus as the pathogens for antimicrobial testing (para. 7, p. 480). The fruit, stems, and leaves of secang (Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod) (para. 6, p. 480). Ethanol which was used to dissolve the DPPH powder (para. 2, p. 481). DPPH powder for the antioxidant testing (para. 2, p. 481) p-NPG, alpha-glucosidase, and Na2CO3 was used for the antidiabetic test Materials & Methods Secang was collected from the medicinal plant garden of the Majene, West Sulawesi (para. 6, p.480) Agar well diffusion was used for antimicrobial testing (para. 7, p. 480) Antioxidant Test: a mixture of 1 mL DPPH solution and 5 mL ethanol were examined using a spectrophotometer and their results were compared with varying concentrations of vitamin C (para. 2, p. 481) Antidiabetic Test: Similar process as the antioxidant test, but the result of the vitamin C solution extract needed to block 50% of α-glucosidase activity was less than the test's established IC50 value. (para. 3, p. 481)  Results & Discussion Secang is easily found in Indonesian forest areas and contains phenolic compounds such as flavonoids that can dissolve in water (para. 1-2, p. 484). The effectiveness of secang's beneficial compounds depends on the extraction process, specifically the type of solvent used (para. 2 , p. 484). Results & Discussion The author included 5 tables highlighting the data from each test (p. 481-483) Antimicrobial activity Footer  Conclusion Three sections of the plant have the potential to function as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic compounds (para. 1, p. 485) Final Conclusion: The secant plant extract has the potential to be a source of bioactive compounds used in the development of drugs. Reccomendations 1. Prioritize Antidiabetic Potential: The study highlights that 40% secang leaf extract exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity. This concentration should be prioritized for further research to evaluate its mechanism of action and potential as a natural antidiabetic treatment because iabetes is a significant and growing public health concern worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, has reached epidemic levels, affecting millions of people globally. 2. Optimize Extraction Processes and Concentrations: As bioactivity increased with concentration in antimicrobial and antioxidant tests, optimizing extraction methods and identifying the ideal concentration ranges for each activity (antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic) can enhance the efficacy of secang- based products.  References Comprehensiveness: includes all of the sources cited within the article. Sources were properly cited, with accurate in-text and reference list citations. Relevance: Key topics are also well-supported by relevant articles. Formatting: Consistent, including capitalization, italizations, and order of arrangement. Harvard citation style Hanging indent THANK YOU RES IV Q3 S.Y. 2024-2025 Group 1 CALOOCAN NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL FROM SUBJECT TEACHER 10-EINSTEIN MS. ANGELICA P. PAGARAN